Analysis of debris flow control effect and hazard assessment in Xinqiao Gully,Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake area based on numerical simulation

Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.

Application of HEMS cooling technology in deep mine heat hazard control

This paper mainly deals with the present situation, characteristics, and countermeasures of cooling in deep mines.Given existing problems in coal mines, a HEMS cooling technology is proposed and has been successfully applied in some mines.Because of long-term exploitation, shallow buried coal seams have become exhausted and most coal mines have had to exploit deep buried coal seams.With the increase in mining depth, the temperature of the surrounding rock also increases, resulting in ever increasing risks of heat hazard during mining operations.At present, coal mines in China can be divided into three groups, i.e., normal temperature mines, middle-to-high temperature mines and high temperature mines, based on our investigation into high temperature coal mines in four provinces and on in-situ studies of several typical mines.The principle of HEMS is to extract cold energy from mine water inrush.Based on the characteristics of strata temperature field and on differences in the amounts of mine water inrush in the Xuzhou mining area, we proposed three models for controlling heat hazard in deep mines:1) the Jiahe model with a moderate source of cold energy;2) the Sanhejian model with a shortage of source of cold energy and a geothermal anomaly and 3) the Zhangshuanglou model with plenty of source of cold energy.The cooling process of HEMS applied in deep coal mine are as follows:1) extract cold energy from mine water inrush to cool working faces;2) use the heat extracted by HEMS to supply heat to buildings and bath water to replace the use of a boiler, a useful energy saving and environmental protection measure.HEMS has been applied in the Jiahe and Sanhejian coal mines in Xuzhou, which enabled the temperature and humidity at the working faces to be well controlled.

The Main Biological Hazards in Animal Biosafety Level 2 Facilities and Strategies for Control

Concern about the biological hazards involved in microbiological research, especially research involving laboratory animals, has increased in recent years. Working in an animal biosafety level 2 facility （ABSL-2）, commonly used for research on infectious diseases, poses various biological hazards. Here, the regulations and standards related to laboratory biosafety in China are introduced, the potential biological hazards present in ABSL-2 facilities are analyzed, and a series of strategies to control the hazards are presented.

Hazard-evaluation-oriented Moving Horizon Parallel Steering Control for Driver-Automation Collaboration During Automated Driving

Prompted by emerging developments in connected and automated vehicles, parallel steering control, one aspect of parallel driving, has become highly important for intelligent vehicles for easing the burden and ensuring the safety of human drivers. This paper presents a parallel steering control framework for an intelligent vehicle using moving horizon optimization.The framework considers lateral stability, collision avoidance and actuator saturation and describes them as constraints, which can blend the operation of a human driver and a parallel steering controller effectively. Moreover, the road hazard and the steering operation error are employed to evaluate the operational hazardous of an intelligent vehicle. Under the hazard evaluation,the intelligent vehicle will be mainly operated by the human driver when the vehicle operates in a safe and stable manner.The automated steering driving objective will play an active role and regulate the steering operations of the intelligent vehicle based on the hazard evaluation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed hazard-evaluation-oriented moving horizon parallel steering control approach, various validations are conducted, and the results are compared with a parallel steering scheme that does not consider automated driving situations. The results illustrate that the proposed parallel steering controller achieves acceptable performance under both conventional conditions and hazardous conditions.

Hydrogeological Hazards and Control Measures in Engineering Geological Exploration

For engineering geological investigation, hydrographic surveys are particularly important. By operating the equipment, relevant technicians analyze hydrogeological data around the project. A series of corresponding measures were taken to ensure the smooth completion of the project. However, due to the inadequate completion of hydrogeological survey work, it has great harm to the later stage of engineering work, and even will lead to the final failure of the project. Based on this, this paper explores the hazards and prevention measures of hydrogeology in engineering surveys.

Discussion on the Main Points of Construction Quality Control of Geological Hazard Management Engineering

In recent years, geological disasters have occurred frequently. This not only has a serious impact on urban construction, but also directly threatens the safety of life and property. In response to this situation, the control of the construction quality of the geological disaster management process must be strengthened to improve the construction quality of the treatment process. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics of geological hazard management engineering, common geological hazards and geological hazard treatment engineering, and expounds the key points and control measures of geological hazard management engineering quality control, so as to improve the construction quality of geological hazard management engineering.

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND THEIRS CONTROL

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Nested case-control analysis with general additive-multiplicative hazard models

This paper discusses the nested case-control analysis under a class of general additive-multiplicative hazard models which includes the Cox model and the additive hazard model as special cases.A pseudo-score is constructed to estimate the regression parameters.The resulting estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed.The limiting variance-covariance matrix can be consistently estimated by the nested case-control data.A simulation study is conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed estimator and a real example is provided for illustration.

基于主量元素地球化学的岩屑层位源解析

近年来,岩屑录井在“华北型”煤田底板灰岩层注浆加固工程中发挥了重要作用。然而,现有的岩屑录井仅停留在颜色、颗粒大小及形貌特征等物理指标的识别上,难以精准判层,钻孔设计“顺层率”难以保障,制约着底板灰岩水害区域治理效果。基于石炭纪太原组薄层灰岩及其碎屑岩夹层的元素地球化学差异特点,选取淮北煤田桃园煤矿为研究区,对太原组上段薄层灰岩L_(1)灰~L_(4)灰地层(注浆治理目的层为L_(3)灰)垂直钻孔岩心进行取样,利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)定量测定了薄层灰岩及其夹层的主量元素背景值,通过聚类分析、因子分析等数理统计手段建立薄层灰岩主量元素地球化学识别模式;同时对地面定向钻水平分支孔岩屑同样开展主量元素测试,并基于已建立的地球化学识别模式进行岩屑层位源解析以及识别模式验证。结果显示:高CaO丰度、烧失量(LOI)可以作为注浆加固改造目的层L_(3)灰的特征指标,MgO(0.5%±)、MnO(0.03%±)、P_(2)O_(5)(0.08%±)丰度可作为注浆目的层上覆标志层J3的识别指标;聚类分析识别模式可有效区分太原组一灰~三灰(L_(1)灰~L_(3)灰);以元素因子得分建立的识别模式可以将太原组碎屑岩夹层与薄层灰岩进行有效区分;以岩样地球化学背景值运行判别模型得到的Fisher判别方程对注浆目的层L_(3)灰岩屑来源解析的准确率为100%。基于上述认识,论证了以确保设计“顺层率”为目标的水平分支孔岩屑地球化学源解析方法应用之可行性,进而提出了一种地面定向钻“顺层率”控制技术方案。本研究基于元素地球化学理论,对地面定向钻岩屑携带的特征地球化学信息进行了目的层层位辨识,在现场快速定量测试技术手段的支持下,可为解决华北型煤田底板灰岩水害区域注浆改造顺层难题提供了新的思路。

级配与拦挡位置对滑坡碎屑流运动影响研究

为了研究不同级配的高位滑坡碎屑流经多级偏转后冲击不同拦挡结构的运动特性以及致灾效应,结合自然地形构建固定坡度和偏转角度均为45°的离散元模型,并利用DEM软件进行数值模拟分析不同拦挡工况和不同级配对碎屑流颗粒运动过程中能量耗散、最终堆积形态,以及碎屑流冲击挡板的作用高度的影响,进而建立相关冲击力学模型。研究结果显示:(1)上下均设置挡板的工况能有效减缓碎屑流颗粒的平均动能和势能,且能有效降低颗粒流翻越挡板的数量,并降低颗粒流的最大运动距离从而减小致灾范围;随着颗粒组级配的增大,势能时程曲线分散点出现的时间越晚,颗粒流最终堆积面积中细颗粒组最大,粗颗粒组最小。(2)当滑槽底部反作用力位置取2/3静止堆积体长度时,计算所得碎屑流最大冲击作用高度与模拟试验结果相接近,力学模型计算的冲击作用高度在0.017~0.138 m。在实际工程中,可按研究相似比对此范围进行加强抗冲击防护。(3)由于侧板的切向力和“颗粒分选效应”,大颗粒会主要冲击挡板的中上部,小颗粒主要冲击挡板的下部,并受偏转角影响集中在一侧,因此工程设计可根据实际情况避免在沟道偏转方向的反向建设工程。研究结果可为高位滑坡碎屑流灾害的治理防护提供参考。

采场全生命周期的矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法研究

知识图谱是认知智能研究不可或缺的组成部分。针对采场矿压危害事件传统分析方法对煤矿开采过程中应力时空演化过程及隐患演化与风险防控关系等表达存在不足的问题,本文基于采场全生命周期提出一种采场矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法:首先,从地质灾害的角度,分析采场应力及分布的动态特性,对矿压地质灾害中的各节点进行动态关联,提出顾及时空过程的采场矿压地质灾害知识图谱表示方法。其次,从事故的角度,分析采场矿压事故隐患演化与风险防控过程,将隐患耦合演化与防治措施融入知识图谱表示模型中。最后,运用Neo4j构建矿压危害事件知识图谱。结果表明:依据该表示方法构建的知识图谱,不仅刻画了灾害事件中不同对象的时空演化过程,还描述了隐患耦合演化过程以及对应的风险防控措施,为采场矿压危害的防治提供了智能研究途径。

基于HACCP的6S管理在精神病专科医院保洁管理中的应用

目的探讨危害分析及关键控制点(HACCP)联合6S管理法在精神病专科医院保洁管理中的应用效果。方法采用方便抽样方法,于2023年3月-6月,选取山东省某三级甲等精神病专科医院的30名病区保洁人员作为研究对象,采用基于HACCP的6S管理进行干预,并进行自身前后对照比较分析。结果基于HACCP的6S管理的实施,使保洁人员的医院感染基础知识、个人防护与职业暴露知晓率有所提升(P均<0.05),明显改善了保洁人员的手卫生正确性和依从性(P均<0.05),环境清洁消毒情况得到改善(P均<0.05),住院患者护理满意度和护理人员对保洁人员的满意度均得到提升。结论通过6S管理的标准化模式识别危险因素,将关键环节的评估、预防和控制工作融入保洁管理中,并进行同质化干预,能够提高保洁管理水平,对提升医患双方满意度有一定促进作用。

2021-2022年洛阳市涧西区作业场所职业病危害因素的监测结果及具体防控策略研究

目的统计洛阳市涧西区各作业场的职业病危害因素,分析职业病发生的主要原因,并探讨具体防控策略。方法收集洛阳市涧西区内2021年1月—2022年12月期间针对各作业场的职业病危害因素监测信息,录入Excel 2010进行数据统计;随机抽取辖区内200名重点职业从业人员,开展回顾性分析,结合职业健康检查结果,将确认存在职业病的115名从业人员列为病例组,其余未发生职业病的85名从业人员列为对照组,比较2组一般资料、临床资料,经统计学单因素、Logistic多因素回归分析归纳可导致职业病发生的影响因素,结合分析结果,探讨具体防控措施。结果针对辖区内15家厂矿企业,2021年共设立584个监测点,共测得68处锰及其化合物危害、48处矽尘危害、4处苯及其苯系物危害、12处噪声危害,超标率为22.60%(132/584);2022年共设立1575个监测点,共测得158处粉尘危害、154处锰及其化合物危害、10处矽尘危害、13处噪声危害,超标率为21.27%(335/1575);单因素分析结果显示,2组从业人员的年龄、工作年限、职业类型、体检频率、体检结果等比较差异均存在统计学意义;Logistic多因素回归分析显示,年龄≥50岁,工作年限≥10年,从事制造业、采矿业,未规律体检,血常规异常,免疫力差,X线胸片异常,双耳高频听力阈值≥40 dB均是发生职业病的重要原因(均P<0.05)。结论洛阳市涧西区的职业危害因素以粉尘、锰及其化合物为主,高龄、工作年限长的制造业、采矿业人员发生职业病的风险相对较高,优化职业病防治措施并规范上述重点人群的职业健康体检能实现对职业病的有效防控。

高校实验室危险源辨识与管控

随着高等教育的不断发展,高校实验室在教学和科研中的地位日益凸显。然而,实验室中存在的各种危险源也给师生的安全带来了潜在的威胁。因此,对实验室危险源进行辨识与管控研究至关重要。文章旨在探讨高校实验室危险源的辨识方法与管控策略,通过分析高校实验室常见的危险源类型和特点,提出有效的管控措施,为保障实验室安全提供理论支持和实践指导。

深井矿山热害防治及制冷降温技术应用

随着金属矿山开采深度的增加,高地温越加显现,而矿山在热害控制方面经验不足、个体防护及培训缺失、有效的机械制冷技术应用较少等,亟待加强深井金属矿山热害防治安全技术相关研究。本文分析了深井矿山热环境对作业人员、生产效率的影响,总结了热害防治的综合措施,包括通风系统优化、热源控制、个体防护、压缩空气制冷、机械制冷等方面,列举了南非、澳大利亚两座典型深井矿山机械制冷降温技术的典型应用,供其他深井矿山借鉴。

基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型

目前井下风温预测大多采用BP神经网络,但其预测精度受学习样本数量的影响,且容易陷入局部最优,Elman神经网络具备局部记忆能力,提高了网络的稳定性和动态适应能力,但仍然存在收敛速度过慢、易陷入局部最优的问题。针对上述问题,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对Elman神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,建立了基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型。分析得出入风相对湿度、入风温度、地面大气压力和井筒深度是井底风温的主要影响因素,因此将其作为模型的输入数据,模型的输出数据为井底风温。在相同样本数据集下的实验结果表明:Elman模型迭代90次后收敛,PSO-Elman模型迭代41次后收敛,说明PSO-Elman模型收敛速度更快;与BP神经网络模型、支持向量回归模型和Elman模型相比,PSO-Elman模型的预测误差较低,平均绝对误差、均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对百分比误差分别为0.376 0℃,0.278 3,1.95%,决定系数R^(2)为0.992 4,非常接近1,表明预测模型具有良好的预测效果。实例验证结果表明,PSO-Elman模型的相对误差范围为-4.69%~1.27%,绝对误差范围为-1.06~0.29℃,MSE为0.26,整体预测精度可满足井下实际需要。

新德里番茄曲叶病毒的发生危害及阻截防控措施

新德里番茄曲叶病毒(Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus,ToLCNDV)属双生病毒科,菜豆金色花叶病毒属,是近年来新发现的一种可侵染多种重要蔬菜、观赏植物、杂草和野生植物的病原物。1995年ToLCNDV首次在印度番茄上被报道,随后在巴基斯坦等亚洲国家发生危害,2012年以后传至西班牙等欧洲国家。我国首次于2010年在台湾地区报道了ToLCNDV。本文在收集相关资料的基础上,概述了该病毒的发生、分布与危害、分子特征、寄主范围、危害症状、传播方式和复合侵染现象,并提出了相应的阻截防控建议,以防范ToLCNDV在我国的传播扩散和危害。

积石山Ms6.2级和泸定Ms6.8级地震地质灾害发育规律对比

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