Lugol's iodine增强Micro-CT成像评估口腔鳞状细胞癌切缘状态的研究

目的:本研究拟使用Lugol's iodine增强Micro-CT成像三维评估口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)切缘状态。方法:本研究共收集68例人OSCC组织样本,所有样本经3%Lugol's iodine染色12 h后行Micro-CT扫描(层厚为50μm)。随后将经Lugol's iodine染色后的样品行常规苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色切片(厚度为4μm),制作数字化病理切片。分别测量影像图像和病理图像的黏膜切缘(mucosal margin,MM)和深部切缘(deep margin,DM)。结果:Lugol's iodine增强Micro-CT成像可以在三维空间中清晰区分肿瘤边界,且Micro-CT成像相较于二维病理切片,可以更准确地测量MM和DM,发现阳性切缘及临界切缘。结论:Lugol's iodine增强Micro-CT成像可以全面评估OSCC切缘,提供更全面、更清晰的肿瘤边缘信息,指导临床治疗方案选择和预后评估。

Thyroid Nodule Prevalence and Iodine Nutrition:Influencing Factors in Coastal Areas

Iodine is an essential trace element for human health.The thyroid gland uses iodine for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Most iodine comes from food and drinking water,and approximately 85%is excreted through the urine.Therefore,urinary iodine content is an important indicator for judging the iodine nutrition level of a population[1].A thyroid nodule is a discrete mass resulting from the abnormal proliferation of thyroid cells.Iodine deficiency in the general population has dramatically diminished after implementing universal salt iodization(USI)policies.However,the incidence of thyroid nodules has been reported to be increasing following the implementation of USI,leading some to question the plausibility of USI.This data from Zhao et al.

Whole-volume histogram analysis of spectral-computed tomography iodine maps characterizes HER2 expression in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Although surgery remains the primary treatment for gastric cancer(GC),the identification of effective alternative treatments for individuals for whom surgery is unsuitable holds significance.HER2 overexpression occurs in approximately 15%-20%of advanced GC cases,directly affecting treatment-related decisions.Spectral-computed tomography(sCT)enables the quantification of material compositions,and sCT iodine concentration parameters have been demonstrated to be useful for the diagnosis of GC and prediction of its invasion depth,angioge-nesis,and response to systemic chemotherapy.No existing report describes the prediction of GC HER2 status through histogram analysis based on sCT iodine maps(IMs).AIM To investigate whether whole-volume histogram analysis of sCT IMs enables the prediction of the GC HER2 status.METHODS This study was performed with data from 101 patients with pathologically confirmed GC who underwent preoperative sCT examinations.Nineteen parameters were extracted via sCT IM histogram analysis:The minimum,maximum,mean,standard deviation,variance,coefficient of variation,skewness,kurtosis,entropy,percentiles(1st,5th,10th,25th,50th,75th,90th,95th,and 99th),and lesion volume.Spearman correlations of the parameters with the HER2 status and clinicopathological parameters were assessed.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the parameters’diagnostic performance.RESULTS Values for the histogram parameters of the maximum,mean,standard deviation,variance,entropy,and percentiles were significantly lower in the HER2+group than in the HER2–group(all P<0.05).The GC differentiation and Lauren classification correlated significantly with the HER2 status of tumor tissue(P=0.001 and 0.023,respectively).The 99th percentile had the largest area under the curve for GC HER2 status identification(0.740),with 76.2%,sensitivity,65.0%specificity,and 67.3%accuracy.All sCT IM histogram parameters correlated positively with the GC HER2 status(r=0.237-0.337,P=0.001-0.017).CONCLUSION Whole-lesion histogram parameters derived from sCT IM analysis,and especially the 99th percentile,can serve as imaging biomarkers of HER2 overexpression in GC.

Performance investigation of a low-power Hall thruster fed on iodine propellant

The common propellants used for electric thrusters, such as xenon and krypton, are rare, expensive,and difficult to acquire. Solid iodine attracts much attention with the advantages of low cost,extensive availability, low vapor pressure, and ionization potential. The performance of a lowpower iodine-fed Hall thruster matched with a xenon-fed cathode is investigated across a broad range of operation conditions. Regulation of the iodine vapor's mass flow rates is stably achieved by using a temperature control method of the iodine reservoir. The thrust measurements are finished utilizing a thrust target during the tests. Results show that thrust and anode-specific impulse increase approximately linearly with the increasing iodine mass flow rate.At the nominal power of 200 W class, iodine mass flow rates are 0.62 and 0.93 mg/s, thrusts are7.19 and 7.58 m N, anode specific impulses are 1184 and 826 s, anode efficiencies are 20.8%and 14.5%, and thrust to power ratios are 35.9 and 37.9 m N/k W under the conditions of 250 V,0.8 A and 200 V, 1.0 A, respectively. The operating characteristics of iodine-fed Hall thruster are analyzed in different states. Further work on the measurements of plasma characteristics and experimental optimization will be carried out.

Iodine Nutrition, Thyroid-stimulating Hormone, and Related Factors of Postpartum Women from three Different Areas in China: A Cross-sectional Survey

Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible relationships with VA,VD,and other factors in postpartum women.Methods A total of 1,311 mothers(896 lactating and 415 non-lactating)from Hebei,Zhejiang,and Guangxi provinces were included in this study.The urinary iodine concentration(UIC),TSH,VA,and VD were measured.Results The median UIC of total and lactating participants were 142.00µg/L and 139.95µg/L,respectively.The median TSH,VA,and VD levels in all the participants were 1.89 mIU/L,0.44μg/mL,and 24.04 ng/mL,respectively.No differences in the UIC were found between lactating and non-lactating mothers.UIC and TSH levels were significantly different among the three provinces.The rural UIC was higher than the urban UIC.Obese mothers had a higher UIC and a higher prevalence of excessive TSH.Higher UICs and TSHs levels were observed in both the VD deficiency and insufficiency groups than in the VD-sufficient group.After adjustment,no linear correlation was observed between UIC and VA/VD.No interaction was found between vitamins A/D and UIC on TSH levels.Conclusion The mothers in the present study had no iodine deficiency.Region,area type,BMI,and VD may be related to the iodine status or TSH levels.

Ambulatory Radio Iodine Therapy in the Management of Hyperthyroidism in Africa: African Systematic Review and Perspectives in Burkina Faso

Introduction: In hyperthyroidism, selective irradiation of the thyroid gland with radioactive iodine is a radical treatment and an alternative to surgery. The aim of this review is to assess the medium-term efficacy of outpatient treatment of hyperthyroidism with iodine-131 in Africa. Methods: We identified the studies carried out in Africa on outpatient radiation therapy between 2016 and 2020. For each article included, we noted the country concerned and the year of publication, the numbers studied, the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, the indications for radio iodine therapy, the dose administered, the results of the hormonal dosage 6 months after radiation. Results: 13 retrospective studies were included to constitute a total population of 925 patients. The average age was 40.77 years, the sex ratio of 1/5.4 with a clear female predominance. The 3 main etiologies of hyperthyroidism justifying outpatient radio iodine therapy were Graves’ disease (55.89%), toxic multinodular goiter (22.70%) and toxic adenoma (21.40%). The average dose of iodine 131 administered per course is 13.7 mCi. No short-and medium-term complications were reported. The radio iodine therapy was effective in 86.08% (n = 796) of the patients with extremes of 72% and 100%. Conclusion: Radio iodine therapy is effective in Africa. It is simple, inexpensive on an outpatient basis and well tolerated. The introduction of outpatient radio iodine therapy could improve the management of patients with hyperthyroidism in Burkina Faso.

Enriching Iodine and Regulating Grain Aroma,Appearance Quality,and Yield in Aromatic Rice by Foliar Application of Sodium Iodide

Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.

DNA Methylation of KLRC1 and KLRC3 in Autoimmune Thyroiditis:Perspective of Different Water Iodine Exposure

Objective This study aimed to identify differentially methylated genes(DMGs) associated with natural killer cells in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT), focusing on the influence of varying water iodine exposure levels.Methods Participants were divided into categories based on median water iodine(MWI)concentrations: iodine-fortified areas(IFA, MWI < 10 μg/L), iodine-adequate areas(IAA, 40 ≤ MWI ≤ 100μg/L), and iodine-excessive areas(IEA, MWI > 300 μg/L). A total of 176 matched AIT cases and controls were recruited and divided into 89, 40, and 47 pairs for IFA, IAA, and IEA, respectively. DMGs were identified using 850K Bead Chip analysis for 10/10 paired samples. Validation of DNA methylation and m RNA expression levels of the DMGs was conducted using Methyl Target^(TM) and QRT-PCR for 176/176paired samples.Results KLRC1, KLRC3, and SH2D1B were identified as significant DMGs. Validation revealed that KLRC1 was hypomethylated and highly expressed, whereas KLRC3 was hypermethylated and highly expressed in individuals with AIT. Furthermore, KLRC1 was hypomethylated and highly expressed in both IFA and IEA.Conclusion The DNA methylation status of KLRC1 and KLRC3 may play crucial roles in AIT pathogenesis. Additionally, DNA methylation of KLRC1 seems to be influenced by different iodine concentrations in water.

Interpenetrating network-reinforced gel polymer electrolyte for ultra-stable lithium−iodine batteries

Li-I_(2) batteries have attracted much interest due to their high capacity,exceptional rate performance,and low cost.Even so,the problems of unstable Li anode/electrolyte interface and severe polyiodide shuttle in Li-I_(2) batteries need to be tackled.Herein,the interfacial reactions on the Li anode and I_(2) cathode have been effectively optimized by employing a well-designed gel polymer electrolyte strengthened by cross-linked Ti-O/Si-O(GPETS).The interpenetrating network-reinforced GPETS with high ionic conductivity(1.88×10^(-3)S cm^(-1)at 25℃)and high mechanical strength endows uniform Li deposition/stripping over 1800 h(at 1.0mA cm^(-2),with a plating capacity of 3.0mAh cm^(-2)).Moreover,the GPETS abundant in surface hydroxyls is capable of capturing soluble polyiodides at the interface and accelerating their conversion kinetics,thus synergistically mitigating the shuttle effect.Benefiting from these properties,the use of GPETS results in a high capacity of 207 mAh g^(-1)(1 C)and an ultra-low fading rate of 0.013%per cycle over 2000 cycles(5 C).The current study provides new insights into advanced electrolytes for Li-I_(2) batteries.

Iodine 131 Treatment in Graves’ Disease in a West African Country: Preliminary Study about 25 Cases in Senegal

Introduction: Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Its treatment uses synthetic antithyroid drugs but the use of aggressive radical therapy such as surgery or non-aggressive therapy such as iodine-131 is not uncommon. Treatment of Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine or iratherapy is a simple, inexpensive, well-tolerated treatment. It was introduced in Senegal in 2016. We report through this work the preliminary assessment of the only nuclear medicine service in Senegal in the management of Graves’ disease by iodine-131. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of the first cases of Graves’ disease treated with iratherapy in Senegal. Socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects were studied. Radiation protection rules have been implemented and contraception has been effective for six months in women of childbearing age. Results: 25 patients were collected with a mean age of 45 years, twenty women (80%), a family goiter in 24% and a psycho-affective context in 64% of cases. Thyrotoxicosis syndrome was associated with goiter in 68% of patients and exophthalmos in 64%. Thyroid ultrasound performed in 20 patients showed vascular goiter in 80% and thyroid scintigraphy in 3 patients, homogeneous and diffuse hyperfixation. TRAK dosed in 8 patients was still positive. All patients had received first-line medical treatment. The average duration of this treatment was more than 18 months in 92%. The empirically used iodine-131 activity averaged 15.35 mCi. Oral corticosteroid therapy was prescribed in 7 patients for the prevention of malignant orbitopathy. No early side effects were noted. The remission rate at 3 months was 52% and at 6 months was 88% to 92%. Conclusion: The effectiveness of radioactive iodine, in particular ablative doses in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, is no longer to be demonstrated. Taking into account our socioeconomic context, iratherapy should be a treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism with a good quality/price ratio and excellent tolerance.

Research on Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Efficacy of Povidone Iodine on Aeromonas

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine as one kind of disinfectants for aquaculture on Aeromonas.[Method] With the standard strain of Aeromonas ATCC7966 and the Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased fish or aquatic environment as the tested strains,the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine was studied by double broth dilution method.[Result] The povidone iodine could inhibit the growth of Aeromonas strains at lower concentration,and killed Aeromonas strains at higher concentration.The minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on Aeromonas sp.T1,Aeromonas sp T2 and Aeromonas sp.T4 was 125.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 4.00 g/L.Whereas,the minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on ATCC7966,Aeromonas sp.T3,Aeromonas sp T5 and Aeromonas sp.T6 was 250.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 8.00 g/L.[Conclusion] This study provides certain basis for reasonable application of povidone iodine.

Research on Stability of Spectrophotometric Determination of Iodine in Soils by Chloramine T-tetrabase System

Factors affecting the stability of iodine in soil by Chloramine T-Tetrabase system were studied. The results showed that good measurement stability could be achieved by adding ascorbic acid.

The preparation of Thermosensitive in Situ Gel of Iodine

objective:To Investigate the preparation,dissolution and release in vitro of thermosensitive in situ gel of iodine.Methods:Using orthogonal test method for screening the best prescription;Using the formula of gel accumulative dissolution percentage=(W1-Wt)/(W1-W0)to calculate the dissolution rate of Q by membrane-free;Calculating the accumulative release rate by the standard curve.As time increases,the dissolution rate and the release rate of the gel increased significantly.Conclusion:Thermosensitive in situ gel of iodine has good sustained release effect.

Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Its Relationship with Iodine Status in Shanghai:a Population-based Study

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine（T3）, tetraiodothyronine（T4）, serum thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）, free triiodothyronine（FT3）, free tetraiodothyronine（FT4）, thyroglobulin antibody（Tg Ab）, thyroid peroxidase antibody（TPOAb）, and TSH receptor antibody（TRAb） levels were measured for each individual subject. Results The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs（P=0.0035, P=0.0068）. The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs（P=0.0164, P=0.0127）. The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L. Conclusion The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was 〈140 μg/L and 〉400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.

Surveys in Areas of High Risk of Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Excess in China, 2012-2014： Current Status and Examination of the Relationship between Urinary Iodine Concentration and Goiter Prevalence in Children Aged 8-10 Years

Objective We aimed to evaluate goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status in areas with high levels of water iodine; to monitor the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD） in areas at high risk of IDD; and to compare the prevalence of goiter and urine iodine （UI） concentrations between children living in the two areas. Methods Based on surveillance from 2012-2014, we analyzed the concentration of UI and prevalence of goiter in 8-10-year-old children from 12 high-risk IDD provinces, and from 8 provinces and municipalities with excessive water iodine. We calculated goiter prevalence for each UI level according to World Health Organization （WHO） standards and constructed predictive prevalence curves. Results The goiter prevalence and median UI of children from areas with high water iodine were not optimal, being above the WHO standards （5% and 100-199 μg/L, respectively）, whereas those in high-risk areas fell within the standard. UI and goiter prevalence exhibited a U-shaped relationship in high-risk endemic areas and a parabolic relationship in areas of iodine excess. Conclusion Iodine surplus in high-iodine areas leads to high goiter prevalence and UI. However, in high-risk areas, UI was optimal and goiter prevalence met the national criteria for IDD elimination.

Serial stimulated thyroglobulin measurements are more specific for detecting distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer before radioiodine therapy

Objective: Preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) has the potential to be used in identifying distant metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DM-DTC), but its single level can be affected by remnant thyroid tissue and thyrotropin (TSH). The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the value of serial ps-Tg measurements in identifying DM-DTC specifically. Methods: A total of 317 DTC patients with serial measurements of ps-Tg, TSH and anti-Tg antibody were divided into M1 (n=72) and M0 (n=245) according to the presence of distant metastasis (DM) or not. The initial psTg measurement, with a corresponding TSH exceeding 30 mu IU/mL, was marked as Tg1, and ps-Tg measured right before radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy was defined as Tg2, with a median interval of 8 days. Delta Tg denotes Tg2-Tg1, and Delta TSH denotes TSH2-TSH1. Tg1, Tg2, Delta Tg, and Delta Tg/Delta TSH were tested for efficacy in identifying DM-DTC using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and further compared with chest computed tomography (CT) and posttreatment whole-body RAI scan (RxWBS). Results: Compared with single ps-Tg measurement (Tg1 or Tg2), both Delta Tg and Delta Tg/Delta TSH were more narrowly distributed around zero in the M0 group, which made their distribution in the M1 group more distinguished in a relatively dispersed way. Delta Tg/Delta TSH manifested a higher accuracy (88.64%) and specificity (90.20%) in identifying DM-DTC than Tg1 or Tg2 measurements, with a much higher specificity than chest CT (90.20% vs. 66.00%) and a much higher sensitivity than RxWBS (83.33% vs. 61.11%). Conclusions: Serial ps-Tg measurements even over as short an interval as 8 days hold incremental value in identifying DM-DTC. Delta Tg/Delta TSH is a specific early biochemical marker for DM-DTC.

Study on gold concentrate leaching by iodine-iodide

Gold extraction by iodine-iodide solution is an effective and environment-friendly method. In this study, the method using iodine-iodide for gold leaching is proved feasible through thermodynamic calculation. At the same time, experiments on flotation gold concentrates were carried out and encouraging results were obtained. Through optimizing the technological conditions, the attained high gold leaching rate is more than 85%. The optimum process conditions at 25℃ are shown as follows： the initial iodine concentration is 1.0%, the iodine-to-iodide mole ratio is 1：8, the solution pH value is 7, the liquid-to-solid mass ratio is 4：1, the leaching time is 4 h, the stirring intensity is 200 r/mim, and the hydrogen peroxide consumption is 1%.

Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation combined with ^(125)iodine seed implantation for unresectable pancreatic cancer

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with 125 iodine seed implantation for unresectable pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Thirty-two patients (21 males and 11 females) at the age of 68 years (range 48-90 years) with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to May 2008 were enrolled in this study. The tumor, 4-12 cm in diameter, located in pancreatic head of 23 patients and in pancreatic body and tail of 9 patients, was found to be unresectable during operation. Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was made through intraoperative biopsy. Patients were treated with FRA combined with 125 iodine seed implantation. In brief, a RFA needle was placed, which was confirmed by intraoperative ultrasound to decrease the potential injury of surrounding vital structures, a 125 iodine seed was implanted near the blood vessels and around the tumor border followed by bypass palliative procedure (cholangio-jejunostomy and/or gastrojejunostomy) in 29 patients.RESULTS: The serum CA 19-9 level was decreased from 512 ± 86 U/mL before operation to 176 ± 64 U/mL, 108 ± 42 U/mL and 114 ± 48 U/mL, respectively, 1, 3 and 6 mo after operation (P < 0.05). The pain score on day 7 after operation, 1 and 3 mo after combined therapy was decreased from 5.86 ± 1.92 before operation to 2.65 ± 1.04, 1.65 ± 0.88 and 2.03 ± 1.16, respectively, after operation (P < 0.05). The rate of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD) in 32 patients was 21.8% (7/32), 56.3% (18/32), 15.6% (5/32) and 6.3% (2/32), respectively, 6 mo after operation, with a median overall survival time of 17. 5 mo. The median survival time of patients at stage Ⅲ was longer than that of those at stage Ⅳ (19 mo vs 10 mo, P = 0.0026). The median survival time of patients who received and did not receive chemotherapy after operation was 20 mo and 16 mo, respectively (P = 0.0176). Of the 32 patients, 3 (10.6%) experienced postoperative complications including transient biliary leaks in 2 patients and acute pancreatitis in 1 patient. All the patients recovered well after conservative support treatment. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative RFA combined with 125 iodine seed implantation is a feasible and safe procedure for unresectable pancreatic cancer with acceptable minor complications, and can prolong the survival time of patients, especially those at stage Ⅲ.

Capacity and degree of iodine absorbed and enriched by vegetable from soil

To understand the biogeochemical transfer of iodine, the absorbability and bioaccumulation of iodine in tested vegetables(radish, spinach and Chinese cabbage) are examined by applying iodic fertilizer composed of kelp and diatomaceous earth. The experimental results show that when iodine in soil is not excessive, the concentrations of iodine in tested vegetables increase as the content of iodine in soil increases. The absorbability and enrichment degree of iodine in various vegetables and in various parts of the same vegetable are different, which explains that the concentration of iodine in plant is determined by the plant type and the physiological action of plant. The patience order of tested vegetables to excessive iodine is Chinese cabbage>spinach>radish. These results have theoretical and practical significance in opening up a new way for ameliorating poor iodine environment with artificial means.

Relationship between Iodine Content in Household Iodized Salt and Thyroid Volume Distribution in Children

Objective To assess the effect of different levels of salt iodine content on thyroid volume（ThV） distribution using data from the 1999, 2011, and 2014 Chinese national iodine deficiency disorder（IDD） surveys. Methods Probability proportion to size（PPS） sampling method was used to obtain a representative national sample of 34,547, 38,932, and 47,188 Chinese children aged 8-10 years in 1999, 2011, and 2014 Chinese national IDD surveys, respectively. The iodine content in household iodized salt and urinary iodine concentration were measured and thyroid ultrasound examination was performed. The data were analyzed by SAS software using histograms and box plots. The skewness and kurtosis were calculated for testing the normality of ThV. Results The median iodine content in household iodized salt dropped from 42.30 mg/kg in 1999 to 25.00 mg/kg in 2014. The median urinary iodine concentration of children aged 8-10 years decreased from 306.0 μg/L in 1999 to 197.9 μg/L in 2014. The median and interquartile range（IQR） of ThV in 1999, 2011, and 2014 surveys were 3.44 m L and 1.50 m L, 2.60 m L and 1.37 m L, 2.63 m L and 1.25 m L, respectively. The skewness and kurtosis of ThV distribution in 1999, 2011, and 2014 surveys were 1.34 and 5.84, 0.98 and 3.54, 1.27 and 5.49, respectively. Conclusion With reduced salt iodization levels, the median urinary iodine concentration and median ThV of children decreased significantly, and the symmetry of the ThV distribution improved.