Some new advance on the research of stochastic non-smooth systems

Due to the extensive applicability in real life, the non-smooth system with random factors attracted much attention in past two decades. A lot of methods and techniques have been proposed to research these systems by scholars. In this paper, we will summarize some new research advance on the stochastic non-smooth systems. The existing results about the stochastic vibro-impact system, the stochastic friction system, and the stochastic hysteretic system are introduced respectively. Some conclusions and outlook are given at the end.

Bifurcations and Sequences of Elements in Non-Smooth Systems Cycles

This article describes the implementation of a novel method for detection and continuation of bifurcations in non-smooth complex dynamic systems. The method is an alternative to existing ones for the follow-up of associated phenomena, precisely in the circumstances in which the traditional ones have limitations (simultaneous impact, Filippov and first derivative discontinuities and multiple discontinuous boundaries). The topology of cycles in non-smooth systems is determined by a group of ordered segments and points of different regions and their boundaries. In this article, we compare the limit cycles of non-smooth systems against the sequences of elements, in order to find patterns. To achieve this goal, a method was used, which characterizes and records the elements comprising the cycles in the order that they appear during the integration process. The characterization discriminates: a) types of points and segments;b) direction of sliding segments;and c) regions or discontinuity boundaries to which each element belongs. When a change takes place in the value of a parameter of a system, our comparison method is an alternative to determine topological changes and hence bifurcations and associated phenomena. This comparison has been tested in systems with discontinuities of three types: 1) impact;2) Filippov and 3) first derivative discontinuities. By coding well-known cycles as sequences of elements, an initial comparison database was built. Our comparison method offers a convenient approach for large systems with more than two regions and more than two sliding segments.

Bifurcation Analysis of a Nonlinear Vibro-Impact System with an Uncertain Parameter via OPA Method

In this paper,the bifurcation properties of the vibro-impact systems with an uncertain parameter under the impulse and harmonic excitations are investigated.Firstly,by means of the orthogonal polynomial approximation(OPA)method,the nonlinear damping and stiffness are expanded into the linear combination of the state variable.The condition for the appearance of the vibro-impact phenomenon is to be transformed based on the calculation of themean value.Afterwards,the stochastic vibro-impact systemcan be turned into an equivalent high-dimensional deterministic non-smooth system.Two different Poincarésections are chosen to analyze the bifurcation properties and the impact numbers are identified for the periodic response.Consequently,the numerical results verify the effectiveness of the approximation method for analyzing the considered nonlinear system.Furthermore,the bifurcation properties of the system with an uncertain parameter are explored through the high-dimensional deterministic system.It can be found that the excitation frequency can induce period-doubling bifurcation and grazing bifurcation.Increasing the randomintensitymay result in a diffusion-based trajectory and the impact with the constraint plane,which induces the topological behavior of the non-smooth system to change drastically.It is also found that grazing bifurcation appears in advance with increasing of the random intensity.The stronger impulse force can result in the appearance of the diffusion phenomenon.

塑性冲击振动系统的非光滑分岔

考虑塑性碰撞工况下的单自由度冲击振动系统,推导了擦边分岔和余维一滑动分岔的条件。结合二维参数和单参数分岔分析,研究了单冲击周期运动的分岔特征,揭示了冲击振动系统的穿越滑动分岔、切换滑动分岔和余维二滑动分岔等非光滑分岔以及擦边分岔和混沌激变等不连续分岔行为。非黏滞型周期运动与黏滞型周期运动经穿越滑动分岔相互转迁。在二维参数平面的低频小间隙区域,(1,1,1)周期运动与(1,2,1)周期运动交替出现。两类周期运动的临界线为切换滑动分岔线。混沌边界激变导致混沌吸引子及其吸引域突然消失。

间隙约束悬臂梁系统的不连续分岔

间隙约束悬臂梁广泛应用在机械和工程设计中,其动态力学特性的优劣直接反映主机运行品质的高低,是决定主机能否安全和高效运行的关键因素.从多参数角度研究悬臂梁碰撞系统的动力学可实现系统的动态特性与功能目标的优化设计.考虑间隙约束悬臂梁系统,构建由光滑流映射复合的全局Poincaré映射及其Jacobi矩阵.应用数值方法获得各类吸引子在两参数平面的存在区域,结合数值仿真、延拓打靶法和胞映射研究相邻对称型周期1吸引子经混合运动域的转迁特征及共存吸引子的形成机理,揭示不稳定吸引子在系统动力学演化过程中的重要作用,以及不同类型的激变、迟滞、鞍结型周期倍化分岔和亚临界叉式分岔等不连续分岔行为.结果表明,在含对称间隙弹性碰撞系统中,周期吸引子的不连续分岔呈现9种不同的类型.叉式分岔使多吸引子共存更加普遍.两个反对称的不稳定周期轨道可引起两个共存的混沌吸引子同时发生内部激变.叉式型擦边分岔和9种不连续分岔的定义将进一步丰富非光滑系统动力学.

一类种群策略调控下海洋营养-浮游植物-浮游动物Filippov模型的分岔与混沌

针对种群策略调控下浮游模型的稳定性以及多种分岔与混沌现象等问题,建立了一类与海洋生态系统相关的三维营养-浮游植物-浮游动物Filippov模型。利用非光滑动力系统的定性技术,研究了子系统和滑动向量场中平衡点的稳定性和分岔集,并得到了跨临界分岔、滑动分岔等丰富行为。最终证明控制阈值参数在0.1附近时发生了倍周期分叉乃至混沌。该研究可用于海洋生态保护等实际领域,有利于促进Filippov生态系统的动力学理论发展。

Complex response analysis of a non-smooth oscillator under harmonic and random excitations

It is well-known that practical vibro-impact systems are often influenced by random perturbations and external excitation forces,making it challenging to carry out the research of this category of complex systems with non-smooth characteristics.To address this problem,by adequately utilizing the stochastic response analysis approach and performing the stochastic response for the considered non-smooth system with the external excitation force and white noise excitation,a modified conducting process has proposed.Taking the multiple nonlinear parameters,the non-smooth parameters,and the external excitation frequency into consideration,the steady-state stochastic P-bifurcation phenomena of an elastic impact oscillator are discussed.It can be found that the system parameters can make the system stability topology change.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified and demonstrated by the Monte Carlo(MC)simulation.Consequently,the conclusions show that the process can be applied to stochastic non-autonomous and non-smooth systems.

宽带噪声激励下分数阶黏弹性碰撞系统的稳定性分析和随机分岔

研究基于分数阶黏弹性材料构造的Van der pol减振系统在外部宽带噪声激励下的随机稳定性和随机分岔行为.考虑约束条件的影响,引入非平滑Zhuravlev变换,将碰撞系统转化为无碰撞的动力学系统.利用一组拟周期函数近似替换分数阶微分,通过随机平均法得到系统的It8随机微分方程,根据最大Lyapunov指数法和奇异边界理论分类讨论系统的随机稳定性,利用拟Hamilton系统随机平均法分析系统在线性It8方程下的随机分岔行为,得到D-分岔的临界条件,进一步求出与系统幅值相关的稳态概率密度函数.使用MATLAB绘制稳态概率密度曲线,直观展现系统发生的稳态变化.结果表明,当分数阶阶次和噪声强度在一定阈值内变化时,可诱导系统产生P-分岔行为.

THE DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF NON-SMOOTH SYSTEM WITH IMPULSIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES

Non-smooth system including impulsive strategies at both fixed and unfixed times are analyzed. For the model with fixed impulsive effects, the global stability of pest eradi- cation periodic solution and the dominance of dynamic behavior are investigated. This indicates that the model with fixed moments has the potential to protect the natural enemies from extinction, but under some conditions may also serve to extinction of the pest. The second model is constructed according to the practices of IPM, that is, when the pest population reaches the economic injury level, a combination of biological, cultural, and chemical tactics that reduce pests to tolerable levels is used. Numerical investigations imply that there are several different types of periodic solutions and their maximum amplitudes are always less than the given economic threshold. The results also show that the time series at which the IPM strategies are applied are quite complex, which means that the application and realization of IPM in practice are very difficult.

限幅型非光滑吸振器模型的稳定性与周期运动研究

本文研究具有分段光滑特性的限幅型吸振器模型的稳定性与周期运动.建立一类限幅型非光滑吸振器的动力学模型,探讨模型容许平衡点的存在性,通过Liénard-Chipart稳定性准则,分析容许平衡点的稳定性.通过参数变换,将限幅型吸振器模型转化为具有两个切换流形的四维分段光滑系统.通过计算系统首次积分,获得四维含参分段光滑动力系统在其未扰系统存在一族周期轨条件下的Melnikov函数.探讨不同参数条件下系统周期轨的存在性及个数,并利用数值模拟方法给出其相图构型,验证理论结果的正确性.研究结果表明不同的间隙参数影响系统周期轨个数及相对位置.

Almost Sure Convergence of Proximal Stochastic Accelerated Gradient Methods

Proximal gradient descent and its accelerated version are resultful methods for solving the sum of smooth and non-smooth problems. When the smooth function can be represented as a sum of multiple functions, the stochastic proximal gradient method performs well. However, research on its accelerated version remains unclear. This paper proposes a proximal stochastic accelerated gradient (PSAG) method to address problems involving a combination of smooth and non-smooth components, where the smooth part corresponds to the average of multiple block sums. Simultaneously, most of convergence analyses hold in expectation. To this end, under some mind conditions, we present an almost sure convergence of unbiased gradient estimation in the non-smooth setting. Moreover, we establish that the minimum of the squared gradient mapping norm arbitrarily converges to zero with probability one.

基于时间有限元的非线性系统周期响应求解及稳定性分析

非线性现象广泛存在于结构分析之中,获取非线性系统的周期响应对分析结构的频响特征、分岔与稳定特性至关重要。为此,一种基于时间有限元的非线性系统周期响应求解方法被提出。该方法在伽辽金时间有限元法的基础上,引入周期边界条件,并结合牛顿迭代法进行求解。该方法的优势在于:能够简单地处理非光滑周期荷载(如阶跃或冲击周期荷载);能够直接根据时间有限元的系统矩阵计算传递矩阵和Floquet乘子,进而判定周期解的稳定性。最后,通过数值算例验证了所提时间有限元在非线性系统周期响应求解及稳定性分析中的正确性、收敛性以及精度。

Design Principles of the Non-smooth Surface of Bionic Plow Moldboard

The diverse non-smooth body surfaces to reduce soil adhesion are the evolutional results for the soil animals to fit the adhesive and wet environment and can be used as a biological basis for the design of bionic plow moldboard. The model surfaces for bionic simulation should be taken from soil animal digging organs, on which the soil motion is similar to what is on the surface of moldboard. By analyzing the distribution of non-smooth units on the body surface of the ground beetle jaw and the soil moving stresses, the design principles of the bionic moldboard for the local and the whole moldboard were presented respectively. As well, the effect of soil moving speed on reducing adhesion, the dimensions relationship between soil particles and non-smooth convexes, the relationship between the enveloping surface of non-smooth convexes and the initial smooth surface of the plow body, and the convex types of the sphere coronal and the pangolin scales,etc.were discussed.

Non-Smooth Morphologies of Typical Plant Leaf Surfaces and Their Anti-Adhesion Effects

The micromorphologies of surfaces of several typical plant leaves were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Different non-smooth surface characteristics were described and classified. The hydrophobicity and anti-adhesion of non-smooth leaf surfaces were quantitatively measured. Results show that the morphology of epidermal cells and the morphology and distribution density of epicuticular wax directly affect the hydrophobicity and anti-adhesion. The surface with uniformly distributed convex units shows the best anti-adhesion, and the surface with regularly arranged trellis units displays better anti-adhesion. In contrast, the surface with randomly distributed hair units performs relatively bad anti-adheslon. The hydrophobic models of papilla-ciliary and fold-setal non-smooth surfaces were set up to determine the impacts of geometric parameters on the hydrophobicity. This study may provide an insight into surface machine molding and apparent morphology design for biomimetics engineering.

Effects of Methanol on Wettability of the Non-Smooth Surface on Butterfly Wing

The contact angles of distilled water and methanol solution on the wings of butterflies were determined by a visual contact angle measuring system. The scale structures of the wings were observed using scanning electron microscopy, The influence of the scale micro- and ultra-structure on the wettability was investigated. Results show that the contact angle of distilled water on the wing surfaces varies from 134.0° to 159.2°. High hydrophobicity is found in six species with contact angles greater than 150°. The wing surfaces of some species are not only hydrophobic but also resist the wetting by methanol solution with 55% concentration. Only two species in Parnassius can not resist the wetting because the micro-structure （spindle-like shape） and ultra-structure （pinnule-like shape） of the wing scales are remarkably different from that of other species. The concentration of methanol solution for the occurrence of spreading/wetting on the wing surfaces of different species varies from 70% to 95%. After wetting by methanol solution for 10 min, the distilled water contact angle on the wing surface increases by 0.8°-2.1°, showing the promotion of capacity against wetting by distilled water.

The Mechanism of Drag Reduction around Bodies of Revolution Using Bionic Non-Smooth Surfaces

Bionic non-smooth surfaces （BNSS） can reduce drag. Much attention has been paid to the mechanism of shear stress reduction by riblets. The mechanism of pressure force reduction by bionic non-smooth surfaces on bodies of revolution has not been well investigated. In this work CFD simulation has revealed the mechanism of drag reduction by BNSS, which may work in three ways. First, BNSS on bodies of revolution may lower the surface velocity of the medium, which prevents the sudden speed up of air on the cross section. So the bottom pressure of the model would not be disturbed sharply, resulting in less energy loss and drag reduction. Second, the magnitude of vorticity induced by the bionic model becomes smaller because, due to the sculpturing, the growth of tiny air bubbles is avoided. Thus the large moment of inertia induced by large air bubble is reduced. The reduction of the vorticity could reduce the dissipation of the eddy. So the pressure force could also be reduced. Third, the thickness of the momentum layer on the model becomes less which, according to the relationship between the drag coefficient and the momentum thickness, reduces drag.

Multilinear commutators of BMO functions and multilinear singular integrals with non-smooth kernels

This paper is concerned with certain multilinear commutators of BMO functions and multilinear singular integral operators with non-smooth kernels. By the sharp maximal functions estimates, the weighted norm inequalities for this kind of commutators are established.

Influence of Non-smooth Surface on Tribological Properties of Glass Fiber-epoxy Resin Composite Sliding against Stainless Steel under Natural Seawater Lubrication

With the development of bionics, the bionic non-smooth surfaces are introduced to the field of tribology. Although non-smooth surface has been studied widely, the studies of non-smooth surface under the natural seawater lubrication are still very fewer, especially experimental research. The influences of smooth and non-smooth surface on the frictional properties of the glass fiber-epoxy resin composite（GF/EPR） coupled with stainless steel 316 L are investigated under natural seawater lubrication in this paper. The tested non-smooth surfaces include the surfaces with semi-spherical pits, the conical pits, the cone-cylinder combined pits, the cylindrical pits and through holes. The friction and wear tests are performed using a ring-on-disc test rig under 60 N load and 1000 r/min rotational speed. The tests results show that GF/EPR with bionic non-smooth surface has quite lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance than GF/EPR with smooth surface without pits. The average friction coefficient of GF/EPR with semi-spherical pits is 0.088, which shows the largest reduction is approximately 63.18% of GF/EPR with smooth surface. In addition, the wear debris on the worn surfaces of GF/EPR are observed by a confocal scanning laser microscope. It is shown that the primary wear mechanism is the abrasive wear. The research results provide some design parameters for non-smooth surface, and the experiment results can serve as a beneficial supplement to non-smooth surface study.

Friction and Wear Study on Friction Pairs with a Biomimetic Non-smooth Surface of 316L Relative to CF/PEEK under a Seawater Lubricated Condition

Current studies of a seawater axial piston pump mainly solve the problems of corrosion and wear in a slipper pair by selecting materials with corrosion resistance, self-lubrication, and wear resistance. In addition, an appropriate biomimetic non-smooth surface design for the slipper pair can further improve the tribological behavior. In this paper, 316 L stainless steel and CF/PEEK were selected to process the upper and bottom specimens, and the biomimetic non-smooth surface was introduced into the interface between the friction pair. The friction and wear tests were performed on a MMD-5 A tester at a rotation speed of 1000 r/min and load of 200 N under seawater lubricated condition. The results indicate that the main friction form of the smooth surface friction pair corresponds to abrasive wear and adhesive wear and that it exhibits a friction coe cient of 0.05–0.07, a specimen temperature of 56 ℃, a high wear rate, and surface roughness. Pits on the non-smooth surface friction pairs produced hydrodynamic lubrication and reduced abrasive wear, and thus the plowing e ect is their main friction form. The non-smooth surface friction pairs exhibit a friction coe cient of 0.03–0.04, a specimen temperature of 48 ℃, a low wear rate, and surface roughness. The study has important theoretical significance for enriching the lubrication, friction, and wear theory of a seawater axial piston pump, and economic significance and military significance for promoting the marine development and the national defense military.

Experiment about Drag Reduction of Bionic Non-smooth Surface in Low Speed Wind Tunnel

The body surface of some organisms has non-smooth structure, which is related to drag reduction in moving fluid. To imitate these structures, models with a non-smooth surface were made. In order to find a relationship between drag reduction and the non-smooth surface, an orthogonal design test was employed in a low speed wind tunnel. Six factors likely to influence drag reduction were considered, and each factor tested at three levels. The six factors were the configuration, diameter/bottom width, height/depth, distribution, the arrangement of the rough structures on the experimental model and the wind speed. It was shown that the non-smooth surface causes drag reduction and the distribution of non-smooth structures on the model, and wind speed, are the predominant factors affecting drag reduction. Using analysis of variance, the optimal combination and levels were obtained, which were a wind speed of 44 m/s, distribution of the non-smooth structure on the tail of the experimental model, the configuration of riblets, diameter/bottom width of i mm, height/depth of 0.5 mm, arranged in a rhombic formation. At the optimal combination mentioned above, the 99% confidence interval for drag reduction was 11.13% to 22.30%.