Polo-like kinase 1 as a biomarker predicts the prognosis and immunotherapy of breast invasive carcinoma patients

Invasive breast carcinoma(BRCA)is associated with poor prognosis and high risk of mortality.Therefore,it is critical to identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic assessment of BRCA.Methods:The expression data of polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)in BRCA and the corresponding clinical information were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases.PLK1 expression was validated in diverse breast cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting.Single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)was performed to evaluate immune infiltration in the BRCA microenvironment,and the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were used to screen for the hub infiltrating cells and calculate the immunophenoscore(IPS).The RF algorithm and COX regression model were applied to calculate survival risk scores based on the PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration.Finally,a prognostic nomogram was constructed with the risk score and pathological stage,and its clinical potential was evaluated by plotting calibration charts and DCA curves.The application of the nomogram was further validated in an immunotherapy cohort.Results:PLK1 expression was significantly higher in the tumor samples in TCGA-BRCA cohort.Furthermore,PLK1 expression level,age and stage were identified as independent prognostic factors of BRCA.While the IPS was unaffected by PLK1 expression,the TMB and MATH scores were higher in the PLK1-high group,and the TIDE scores were higher for the PLK1-low patients.We also identified 6 immune cell types with high infiltration,along with 11 immune cell types with low infiltration in the PLK1-high tumors.A risk score was devised using PLK1 expression and hub immune cells,which predicted the prognosis of BRCA patients.In addition,a nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and pathological staging,and showed good predictive performance.Conclusions:PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration can predict post-immunotherapy prognosis of BRCA patients.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast

Objective： To detect the expression of VEGF and MVD count in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast to clarify the association of VEGF expression and MVD count with the clinicopathologic features. Methods： The expressions of VEGF, ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and MVD count in 88 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were examined by immunohistochemistry staining （SP-method）. Results： Sixty-two out of the eighty-eight specimens of breast carcinoma （70.45%） showed positive expression of VEGF. The positive rate of VEGF in cases with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in stage IIb-Ⅲ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱa （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in C-erbB-2 positive group was higher than that in C-erbB-2 negative group （P〈0.05）. Higher expression of VEGF was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.05）. Also, significant higher MVD count was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.01）. The MVD count increased significantly with the increase of the expression of VEGF （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The result of this study suggested that in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, angiogenesis and metastasis were mediated mainly by VEGF. The expression of VEGF and MVD might be reference predictors for the biological behavior of breast carcinoma. The antiangiogenic therapy which used VEGF as a target would become a new method to treat patients who were C-erbB-2 positive in the future.

Inverted Apical CD24 and Weak EZH2 Expressions Are Phenotypic Characteristics of Pure Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast

Invasive micropapillary carcinomas (IMPC) of the breast account for less than 2% of all breast cancers and have been recently described as luminal B carcinomas. CD24, CD44, ALDH1 and EZH2 are commonly used as stem-cell markers that display differential expression as a function of stage and molecular type, but their pattern of expression according to this rare histological type remains poorly defined and unknown for EZH2. We assessed expression of these markers in a series of 28 micropapillary breast carcinomas and compared the results with those obtained in a series of luminal A (27 cases) and B (34 cases) invasive carcinomas not otherwise specified (IC-NST). CD24 and CD44 were expressed in most cases. However, CD24 was expressed at the inverted apical membrane in 85% of invasive micropapillary carcinoma and at the apical pole of gland-forming cells in 45% of luminal A (p-val = 6.8 × 10-4) and 13% of luminal B cases (p-val = 1.1 × 10-7). ALDH1 was expressed in the stroma in most tumors, but in only 25%, 11% and 15% in epithelial cells of IMPC, luminal A and B IC-NST, respectively. Nuclear expression of EZH2 was not observed in luminal A tumors, and was detected in 35% (12/34) of luminal B carcinomas (p-val = 6.1 × 10-3) and only 4% (1/28) of invasive micropapillary carcinomas. This series shows that invasive micropapillary carcinomas harbor a CD24-positive inverted apical pole associated with weak EZH2 expression, phenotypical characteristics that distinguish this entity from other luminal carcinomas.

Relationship between Lymphatic Vessel Density and Lymph Node Metastasis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between lymphatic vessel density and lymph node metastasis of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast. METHODS The immunohistochemical study for vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-C), VEGF Receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and lymphatic vessel density of 51 cases of IMPC were performed, and lymph node metastases were examined by microscopic analysis of these cases. RESULTS In IMPC, VEGF-C was expressed in the cytoplasm and/or on the membrane of the tumor cells, and the expression of VEGF-C showed a positive correlation with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Lymphatic vessel density was determined by the number of micro-lymphatic vessels with VEGFR-3 positive staining. Lymphatic vessel density was positively correlated with VEGF-C expression (P<0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). The percentage of IMPC in the tumor was not associated with the incidence of lymph node metastasis. The metastatic foci in lymph nodes were either pure or predominant micropapillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION The results suggested that VEGF-C overexpression stimulated tumor lymphangiogenesis, and the increased lymphatic vessel density may be the key factor that influenced lymph node metastasis of IMPC.

Gastrointestinal metastasis secondary to invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast:A case report

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast who developed gastrointestinal metastasis two years after modified radical surgery.Mild elevation of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 was observed in the patient at an early stage;however,diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to non-specific clinical manifestations and no identifiable metastasis observed on imaging.CONCLUSION Clinicians should pay attention to gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer,especially invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 8 biomarkers on tissue microarray (TMA) of 46 Moroccan invasive breast carcinoma

Aim of the study: Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptors, Her2/neu, CK5/6, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, p53 and PTEN on Tissue Micro Array (TMA) of 46 Moroccan invasive breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods: The cases comprised 40 invasive ductal carcinomas, 4 invasive lobular carcinomas, 1 mixed carcinoma and 1 invasive colloid carcinoma. TMA paraffin blocs were prepared with the Beecher manual arrayer and immunostaining was performed using standard immunoperoxidase techniques. Results: 58.69% of the cases were ER positive. 43.18% (19/44) were triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) of which 15.78% (3/19) were of the basal phenotype expressing CK5/6. On the other hand, 72.22% (13/18) of the TNBC cases were IDC grade 3. Of the 18 IDC grade 3, 22.22% (4/18) were CK5/6 positive. 41.30% and 10.86% of the cases showed reduced expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin respectively. Beta-catenin nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was noted in 20% and 97.82% respectively. p53 was overexpressed in 10.86% of the cases whereas PTEN loss or reduced expression was noted in 86.95% of the cases. Conclusion: The aim of our study was to introduce TMA technique in our hospital which is considered a reference institution for cancer in Morocco. Although no statistical study was performed to look for any significance of the results obtained, we found good correlation with some of the data in the literature. To determine the molecular characteristics, if any, of the Moroccan patient, larger multidisciplinary and prospective studies would be interesting in the aim to personalize therapeutic decisions.

Clinical Value Analysis of Ultrasonography and MRI in Diagnosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of Breast

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC)by ultrasonography and MRI.Method:63 female patients with IMPC were selected,all of which were confirmed by pathological examination,and were assigned to the IMPC group.In the same period,40 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC group)were selected for diagnostic efficacy control.The efficacy indexes of accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive prediction rate and negative prediction rate were 73.0%,65.9%,89.5%,93.5%,46.9%,respectively.The efficiency indexes of accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive prediction rate and negative prediction rate of ultrasound combined with breast MRI were 93.6%,93.2%,94.7%,97.6%,85.7%.Ultrasonography combined with MRI has more application value in the diagnosis of IMPC.

Vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density for detection and prognostic evaluation of invasive breast cancer

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and CD105-microvessel density(MVD) in invasive breast carcinomas. We also aimed to analyze the relationship between VEGF and MVD expression with other standard prognostic parameters associated with invasive breast cancer, such as size, grade, stage of the cancer, metastases, and tumor recurrence. Methods Immunohistochemistry via the Ultra Sensitive TM S-P method was used to detect VEGF and MVD expression in 128 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Specimens were evaluated for CD105 expression. Positively stained microvessels were counted in dense vascular foci under 400× magnification. MVD in the peripheral area adjacent to the lesion and in the central area within the lesion in invasive breast carcinomas and benign leisions groups were also assessed. Fifty cases of benign breast disease tissue were selected as the control group.Results Results showed that 64.1% of invasive breast cancer samples were VEGF-positive, higher than in benign breast disease tissue(22.0%, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between VEGF overexpression and histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of invasive breast cancer. VEGF expression was not related to age or size of the tumor(P > 0.05). MVD of the peripheral area adjacent to the lesion was significantly higher than those central area within the lesion in both invasive breast cancer and benign breast disease groups(P < 0.01 for each group). There were significant differences in the mean CD105-MVD, between invasive breast tumors with a histological grade of I or II and grade III; between tumors with lymph node or distant metastasis; and between patients with or without recurrence(P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the mean MVD between the two age groups(≤ 50 years vs. > 50 years) or the two tumor diameter groups(≤ 2 cm vs. > 2 cm), P > 0.05.Conclusion Overexpression of VEGF and MVD may be important biological markers for invasion and lymph node and distant metastases of invasive breast cancer. Combined detection of the two tumor markers could provide better prognostic monitoring for disease recurrence and metastasis, as well as aid with clinical staging of breast tumors. Prediction of the risk for metastasis and recurrence, as well as recurrence patterns based on VEGF and MVD post-surgery, could aid design of better follow-up regimens and appropriate treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.

Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis with Channel-Wise Attention Mechanisms in Deep Learning

Breast cancer,particularly Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(IDC),is a primary global health concern predominantly affecting women.Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.Several AI-based tech-niques for IDC-level classification have been proposed in recent years.Processing speed,memory size,and accuracy can still be improved for better performance.Our study presents ECAM,an Enhanced Channel-Wise Attention Mechanism,using deep learning to analyze histopathological images of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(BIDC).The main objectives of our study are to enhance computational efficiency using a Separable CNN architecture,improve data representation through hierarchical feature aggregation,and increase accuracy and interpretability with channel-wise attention mechanisms.Utilizing publicly available datasets,DataBioX IDC and the BreakHis,we benchmarked the proposed ECAM model against existing state-of-the-art models:DenseNet121,VGG16,and AlexNet.In the IDC dataset,the model based on AlexNet achieved an accuracy rate of 86.81%and an F1 score of 86.94%.On the other hand,DenseNet121 outperformed with an accuracy of 95.60%and an F1 score of 95.75%.Meanwhile,the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy rate of 91.20%and an F1 score of 90%.Our proposed ECAM model outperformed the state-of-the-art,achieving an impressive F1 score of 96.65%and an accuracy rate of 96.70%.The BreakHis dataset,the AlexNet-based model,achieved an accuracy rate of 90.82%and an F1 score of 90.77%.DenseNet121 achieved a higher accuracy rate of 92.66%with an F1 score of 92.72%,while the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy of 92.60%and an F1 score of 91.31%.The proposed ECAM model again outperformed,achieving an F1 score of 96.37%and an accuracy rate of 96.33%.Our model is a significant advancement in breast cancer diagnosis,with high accuracy and potential as an automated grading,especially for IDC.

Metastatic Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Presenting with Small Bowel Metastases:Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reproductive organs, and the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The most commonly affected organs in the GI tract are the stomach, small intestine, followed by colon and rectum. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman who was referred to our institution after having a bowel obstruction that required a diagnostic laparoscopy where they identified an obstructing ulcerative lesion in the distal ileum that was managed with a segmental bowel resection. Pathology report showed an invasive lobular breast carcinoma that occluded 90% of the bowel lumen. A PET/CT scan revealed a left breast tumor with increased metabolism. The patient was staged as a clinical cT4b, cN0, cM1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER/PgR positive, HER-2 negative). She was managed with endocrine therapy with Letrozole (an eight-week course). A follow-up PET/CT showed a peritoneal hypermetabolic nodule adjacent to the previous ileal anastomosis. The lesion decreased in size and metabolic activity. In a multidisciplinary fashion, the endocrine therapy was extended for another three months. Another follow-up PET/CT scan was performed three months after the identification of the peritoneal implant that showed that the nodule increased in size and in metabolism. The lesion continued to decrease significantly in size and became metabolically inactivity. Due to the good breast response and the possibility that the ileal nodule could be a granuloma, she underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with excision of the peritoneal nodule, and a modified left radical mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (complex wound closure). The final pathology report of the nodule was negative for malignancy. She continued on endocrine therapy and underwent whole breast irradiation four weeks after the operation. Currently, she is free of disease with no evidence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, and she is still on endocrine therapy. Discussion: The time interval between primary breast cancer and gastrointestinal involvement may range from synchronous presentation to as long as 30 years. The clinical manifestations in GI lobular breast cancer metastasis may range from non-specific complaints to acute GI symptoms, such as a bowel obstruction. There are multiple controversies in the management of ILC. Systemic treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy are also controversial, given the propensity for multifocal/multicentric tumors and late recurrences, sometimes in atypical locations. Five years of postoperative adjuvant hormonal therapy is an option for women with poor prognosis. Remissions are observed in 32% to 53% of patients. Conclusion: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast has a wide range of clinical presentations. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new GI tumors should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, this will allow for appropriate management. Currently, breast cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic medical therapy, and the treatment must be tailored to the patient’s needs.

乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌患者的临床病理特征分析

目的 探讨乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌(invasive micropapillary carcinoma,IMPC)的临床和病理特征。方法 选取2015年3月至2023年3月首都医科大学宣武医院行乳腺癌根治性手术的IMPC患者55例,根据病理诊断学分类中是否伴有其他类型乳腺恶性肿瘤,分为单纯组(n=10)和混合组(n=45),收集并分析患者的临床和病理资料。结果55例患者平均年龄(57.6±12.4)岁,平均肿瘤大小2.0(1.5,3.6)cm,54例(98.2%)患者的免疫组化的雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)和孕酮受体(progesterone receptor,PR)均为阳性,49例(89.1%)患者的人表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)阴性。28例(50.9%)存在腋窝转移。25例(45.5%)存在脉管癌栓。与混合组相比,单纯组患者年龄更高[(60.3±17.5)岁比(57.0±11.1)岁],淋巴结转移总数更多[2.0(1.3,3.5)个比1.8(1.5,4.1)个],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IMPC患者镜下肿瘤细胞呈“桑葚状”细胞团结构,上皮膜抗原(epithelial membrane antigen,EMA)染色呈“极性倒置”特点。结论 IMPC患者淋巴结受累率较高,对于病理结果为IMPC的患者,应严格腋窝评估和清扫,以期为患者带来更大获益。

HRD1、P53、HER2水平与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系

目的研究HRD1、P53,HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系。方法选取确诊并实施相关治疗的82例乳腺癌患者为此次试验的对象,收集全部患者的癌旁组织以及癌组织石蜡切片,应用免疫组织化学EliVi-sion两步法比较癌旁组织以及癌组织中HRD1、P53、HER2水平,分析HRD1、P53、HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的相关性。结果癌组织中HRD1(χ^(2)=5.502,P=0.019)、P53(χ^(2)=6.552,P=0.011)、HER2(χ^(2)=5.512,P=0.023)的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织;脉管侵犯有无、不同肿瘤直径、TNM不同分期以及淋巴结是否发生转移患者的P53、HRD1、HER2表达水平存在差异(P<0.05);相关性分析发现,患者的肿瘤直径、脉管侵犯、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移情况与患者的HRD1、P53、HER2水平呈正相关。结论HRD1、P53、HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征呈现显著的相关性,可作为日后治疗的重要靶点。

乳腺导管原位癌、导管原位癌伴微浸润及浸润性导管癌的分子分型差异性

目的:研究乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)、导管原位癌伴微浸润(DCIS-MI)及浸润性导管癌(IDC)不同临床病理特征及分子分型间的差异。方法:回顾性分析本院2015年01月至2022年06月经病理确诊的乳腺癌患者。分析其临床病理资料,包括患者的年龄、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)、肿瘤细胞增殖活性标记物(Ki-67)、分子分型。采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法比较三组患者临床病理表现的差异性。结果:本研究共计选取患者1167例,其中DCIS组为180例(15.42%),DCIS-MI组为67例(5.74%),IDC组为920例(78.83%)。DCIS、DCIS-MI及IDC患者在ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67中阳性分布及分子分型均有显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),DCIS-MI患者多以HER-2过表达型为主,ER、PR状态多呈阴性,HER-2多呈阳性,高核分级。DCIS患者多以Luminal A型为主,Ki-67多呈低表达。高核级别、HER-2过表达、ER阴性、PR阴性是影响并促进乳腺DCIS进展为DCIS-MI的预测因子。IDC患者多以Luminal B型为主,ER、PR状态多呈阳性,Ki-67多呈高表达。而在年龄分布上无差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:乳腺DCIS、DCIS-MI及IDC间免疫组化标记物和分子分型分布不同,与DCIS相比,DCIS-MI核异型性多呈高核分级,ER、PR阴性比例多,HER-2过表达型比例多,考虑DCIS-MI是独立存在的一种病变,较DCIS有“质”的改变,提示两者处于乳腺癌进展的不同阶段。

乳腺富于脂质癌的探讨

乳腺富于脂质癌(LRC)于1963年被首次描述,该疾病已被重新分配到无特殊类型浸润性乳腺癌类别中。有研究者认为乳腺LRC癌细胞中的脂质是乳腺导管上皮细胞分泌产物。LRC的病理特征是质地坚硬,切片呈淡黄色,与周围组织边界不清。乳腺LRC通常被认为是乳腺癌的侵袭性表型,其缺乏统一的治疗方案和标准。更深入的随访研究将有助于制定综合治疗方案。该文评述了乳腺LRC的研究过程和发展现状。

黄芩素对人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231侵袭、迁移、上皮间充质转化的调控作用及其机制

目的观察黄岑素对人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231的侵袭、迁移及上皮间充质转化(EMT)的调控作用,探讨其可能作用机制。方法取对数生长期MDA-MB-231细胞分为一组、二组、三组及对照组,一组、二组、三组分别加入2.5、5、10μmol/L的黄岑素,对照组不做任何处理。培养48 h时采用划痕修复实验观察四组细胞迁移能力、采用Transwell侵袭实验观察四组细胞侵袭能力,采用Western Blotting法检测细胞EMT标志物波形蛋白(vimentin)及E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、整合素αv、β3、磷酸化黏着斑激酶(p-FAK)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(整合素p-PI3K)。结果与对照组相比,黄岑素组细胞迁移率降低、侵袭细胞数少,细胞E-cadherin相对表达量高,vimentin、整合素αv、整合素β3、p-FAK、p-PI3K蛋白相对表达量低,且呈剂量依赖性(P均<0.05)。结论黄芩素抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭、迁移及EMT。黄岑素可能通过抑制整合素αv、整合素β3表达,进一步抑制p-FAK、p-PI3K蛋白表达,抑制MDA-MB-231的侵袭、迁移及EMT。

乳腺髓样癌临床病理特征、治疗及预后的分析

目的:探讨和比较乳腺髓样癌(medullary breast carcinoma, MBC)与浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinom, IDC)患者的临床病理特征、治疗和预后差异。方法:回顾性分析SEER数据库以及真实世界多中心(包括:四川省三家医院)2000年至2018年诊断为MBC和IDC的患者资料,对比分析临床病理特征、治疗及预后差异。结果:MBC与IDC患者相比,发病年龄更小、肿瘤直径更大、组织学分级更高、三阴型占比更多、TNM分期更晚、预后更好;单因素Cox回归分析显示,发病年龄、组织学分级、肿瘤大小、T分期、N分期、M分期、TNM分期、是否手术、手术方式、是否放疗及化疗与总生存率(overall survival, OS)具有相关性;发病年龄、种族、肿瘤大小、T分期、N分期、M分期、TNM分期、是否手术、手术方式及是否放疗与乳腺癌特异性生存率(breast cancer-specific survival, BCSS)具有相关性。多因素Cox模型校正后显示,发病年龄、T分期、N分期、M分期、肿瘤大小、是否手术及是否化疗是OS、BCSS的独立预后因素。MBC患者的10年OS和10年BCSS分别为83.0%和91.8%,与IDC相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。PSM分析结果显示,无论是SEER数据还是真实世界多中心临床数据,MBC患者的OS、BCSS均较IDC患者好,差异有统计学意义。结论:MBC较IDC更具侵袭性,预后却更好;排除混杂变量影响后,SEER数据分析显示MBC预后仍较IDC好,差异具有统计学意义,预后更好的原因是MBC的独特病理类型及规范化诊疗,因此临床上更应该注重规范化诊疗。

磁共振成像中瘤周水肿与乳腺浸润性导管癌侵袭性的相关性研究

目的探讨术前磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)中瘤周水肿特征与乳腺浸润性导管癌侵袭性的相关性。方法选取2020年1月至2021年5月于宁波大学附属第一医院行乳腺癌根治术且病理诊断为浸润性导管癌的患者79例(79个病灶)纳入浸润性导管癌组,同期45例(49个病灶)乳房良性病变患者纳入良性病变组。比较两组患者的瘤周水肿差异及浸润性导管癌不同病理特征与瘤周水肿的关系。结果良性病变组患者的瘤周水肿显著轻于浸润性导管癌组(χ^(2)=25.330,P<0.05),浸润性导管癌组患者的肿块大小与瘤周水肿程度呈正相关(r=0.381,P<0.05)。不同瘤周水肿分级患者的分子分型、组织学分级、肿瘤T分期、是否淋巴结转移、Ki-67表达水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ki-67表达水平、淋巴结转移个数与瘤周水肿程度均呈正相关(r=0.348、0.273,P<0.05)。结论MRI中瘤周水肿程度与乳腺浸润性导管癌的侵袭性相关,可将其作为评估乳腺癌的工具之一。

多模态影像组学列线图术前预测乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结转移的价值

目的探讨多模态影像组学列线图术前预测乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的价值。材料与方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年6月在我院经手术病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的224例患者的临床及影像资料。首先,选取T2WI图像和动态对比增强MRI(dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)第二期图像的病灶最大层面及同一病灶的钼靶(mammography,MG)头尾位、内外斜位图像勾画感兴趣区,并且提取病灶感兴趣区特征,按照7∶3比例将样本随机分为训练集156例和测试集68例,通过最小绝对收缩和选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归进行特征降维筛选,选择5种机器学习分类器[支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)、K近邻(K nearest neighbors,KNN)、极端梯度提升决策树(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)、逻辑回归(logistic regression,LR)、随机森林(randomforest,RF)]构建多模态影像组学模型并选择预测性能最佳分类器建立MRI、MG影像组学模型。通过单-多因素logistic回归筛选临床高危因素构建临床模型。最终选择影像组学评分联合临床高危因素构建影像组学列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评价模型预测乳腺癌患者ALN状态的性能,利用校准曲线评价模型的拟合能力,决策曲线评估预测模型的临床实用性。结果最终得到14个最佳影像组学特征。在测试集中5种机器学习分类器AUC值范围为0.764~0.864,其中SVM的AUC值最高(0.864)。淋巴结触诊(P<0.001)及MRI_ALN(P=0.005)是评估ALN是否转移的独立危险因素。列线图模型训练集AUC、敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为0.941、90.7%、88.9%、88.5%;测试集分别为0.926、84.4%、86.1%、85.3%。结论列线图模型性能最佳,在术前预测ALN状态具有重要的价值,可以协助临床制订科学有效的诊疗方案。