Guidelines for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of non-specific orbital inflammation(2024)

Non-specific orbital inflammation(NSOI)is a noninfectious orbital inflammation.Although it is often considered the most common diagnosis in orbital biopsies,it is an exclusionary diagnosis that requires ruling out systemic disease or other possible causes.Its characteristics include acute orbital signs and symptoms,including pain,proptosis,periorbital edema,chemosis,diplopia,and visual impairment.The clinical manifestations and histological findings of NSOI are heterogeneous,without specific diagnostic criteria or treatment guidelines,which poses significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment.This guideline provides a detailed description of the definition,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of NSOI.

Visual analysis of abdominal aortitis treatment using the CiteSpace bibliometric method

BACKGROUND Abdominal aortitis can induce aneurysms,and tumor rupture can lead to organ ischemia or even sudden death.At present,there is a lack of extensive understanding and identification of key problems in the treatment of abdominal aortitis,which needs to be further analyzed using bibliometric analysis.AIM To discuss the research hotspot and development trend of abdominal aortitis treatment.METHODS We searched the English literature(published from January 1,2000 to March 12,2024)on the treatment of abdominal aortitis in the Web of Science database.Then,we identified and screened duplicate literature using CiteSpace 6.1R2 software.We conducted an analysis of the number of papers,a co-occurrence analysis of the authors and institutions,and co-occurrence and cluster analyses of the keywords.Then,we drew the author,institution,and keywords of the studies into graphs for visualization.Finally,we expounded on the author,institutional network interactions,and hot keywords of the studies on the treatment of abdominal aortitis.RESULTS We included 210 English literature articles involving 190 authors;the author cooperation team was mainly represented by Caradu Caroline,Berard Xavier,Lu Guanyi,Harada Kenichi,and Sharma Ashish K.In the keyword analysis,highfrequency keywords include abdominal aortic aneurysm(38),abdominal aorta(24),Takayasu arteritis(22),etc.The three most central keywords were disease(0.69),classification(0.68),and abdominal aortic aneurysm(0.55).The first nine clusters of keywords are case report,abdominal aortic aneurysm,Takayasu arteritis,dyspnea hematuria,aortic elastic,IgG4-related disease,report,mid aortic dysplastic syndrome,and statin.In the keyword emergent analysis,14 emergent words were obtained.Among them,seven keywords with strong abruptness were Takayasu arteritis,abdominal aortic aneurysm,disease,retroperitoneal fibrosis,expression,management,and large vessel vasculitis.In the past 3 years,the incidences of abdominal aortic aneurysm(intensity:4.62)and inflammation(intensity:1.99)were higher.CONCLUSION The number of published papers is on the increase,but the cooperation among authors is scattered.The research focus is mainly on the pathogenesis and treatment of abdominal aortitis-related diseases.

Role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their natural inhibitors in liver fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases

BACKGROUND： There is a growing evidence that matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-2 and MMP-9 （gelatinases） play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, especially with inflammatory etiology and extracellular matrix （ECM） remodeling. Despite the fact that gelatinases involve in liver cirrhosis is provided in the literature, their role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases is still under investigation. DATA SOURCES： We carried out a PubMed search of Englishlanguage articles relevant to the involvement of gelatinases in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, pancreatitis, and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases. RESULTS： The decreased activity of gelatinases, especially MMP-2, is related to the development of liver fibrosis, probably due to the decrease of capability for ECM remodeling. Similar situation can be found in chronic pancreatitis; however, reports on this matter are rare. The presence of non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases results in MMP-9 activity elevation. CONCLUSION： The fluctuation of gelatinases activity during liver fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases is observed, but the exact role of these enzymes demands further studies.

Influences of immersion bathing in Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on growth performance,non-specific immune enzyme activities and gut microbiota of Apostichopus japonicus

In this study, the influences of immersion bathing in different concentrations of Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on the body weight gain rate and non-specific immune enzyme activities of the coelom fluid of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) were determined in order to obtain the optimum bacterial concentration. The gut microbiota change in A. japonicus was then analyzed through high-throughput sequencing during the immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6 at the optimum concentration for 49 d. The results illustrate that the body weight growth rate of all bathing groups was higher than that of the control. The highest growth rate (25.3%) was achieved when the bacterial concentration was 1×10^3 CFU/mL. The activities of non-specific immune enzymes (ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM) of all bathing groups increased, and the activities of the enzymes of groups bathed with the bacterium at 1×10^3 and 1×10^4 CFU/mL reached the highest on day 21 and day 28. Taking the growth rate and economic cost into consideration, the optimum concentration of B. velezensis DY-6 was 1×10^3 CFU/mL. The influences of immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6 at 1×10^3 CFU/mL on the gut microbiota of A. japonicus were then evaluated through 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Results showed that the gut microbiota changed with the addition of B. velezensis DY-6, and the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota peaked twice on day 14 and day 21, respectively. In association with the non-specific immune enzyme activities and if day 28 was selected as the dividing point, the community structure of the gut microbiota could be obviously divided into two types. The correlation analysis revealed that the non-specific immune enzyme activities were correlated significantly to some gut bacteria (in the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) after immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6. Our findings will provide the theoretical foundation for probiotic application in sea cucumber farming.

Deadly case of Pasteurella multocida aortitis and mycotic aneurysm following a cat bite

Animal bites are frequently encountered in the emergency department(ED). Aortitis leading to mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm is a rare and potentially deadly complication of Pasteurella multocida(P. multocida) following an animal bite. We present the case of a 68-year-old male who presented to the ED after falling at home. He complained of weakness and abdominal pain. He was in septic shock and was treated empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous fluids. He reported previous antibiotic treatment of a cellulitis secondary to a cat bite injury to his right thumb four weeks prior. Abdominal ultrasound and subsequent computed tomography scan revealed a leaking mycotic abdominal aneurysm that was surgically repaired. Blood cultures and aortic wall tissue cultures grew P. multocida. Given how common animal bite presentations are in the ED, this case highlights the need to consider aortitis and mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm in an unwell patient with an animal bite.

Effect of Dietary Alanyl-glutamine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Development of Intestinal Tract, Antioxidant Status and Plasma Non-specific Immunity of Young Mirror Carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)

Exogenous alanyl-glutamine（Aln-Gln） was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）. Six diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln were fed to fish for 12 weeks. Supplementation with 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln significantly increased weight gain rate（WGR）, protein efficiency ratio（PER）, but feed conservation rate（FCR） and survival were not affected（P〉0.05）. The intestinal fold height and number, digestive enzyme, Na＋, K＋-ATPase activities was found to be significantly high（P〈0.05） with increasing dietary Aln-Gln supplementation up to 7.5 g · kg-1, but there were no significant differences for Aln-Gln supplementation from 7.5 to 15.0 g · kg-1. The glutathione peroxidase（GPX） activity, glutathione（GSH）, superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity increased and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels decreased significantly（P〈0.05） in the intestine, hepatopancreas, plasma and muscles. The plasma complement-3（C3） and complement-4（C4） levels were significantly（P〈0.05） improved at 5.0 g · kg-1 level and decreased when over 7.5 g · kg-1. The plasma lysozyme（LSZ） activity increased significantly（P〈0.05） at 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 level. In summary, the results showed that Aln-Gln improved growth performance, development and function of the intestine, the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the plasma non-specific immunity of the carps. The optimal Aln-Gln level was 8.24 g · kg-1 diet for WGR based on broken-line regression model analysis.

Carbohydrate malabsorption in patients with non-specific abdominal complaints

Non-specific abdominal complaints are a considerable problem worldwide. Many patients are affected and many differential diagnoses have to be considered. Among these, carbohydrate malabsorption seems to play an important role. However, so far, only incomplete absorption of lactose is broadly accepted, while the malabsorption of fructose and sorbitol is still underestimated, although in many parts of the world it is much more frequent. Despite the success of dietary interventions in many patients, there are still a lot of unanswered questions that make further investigations

Effects of Size Grading on Growth and Non-Specific Immunity Factors of the Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone

The study aims to determine the effects of graded farming on growth performance and non-specific immunity factors of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone. Three size groups of shrimp, i.e., the small size group [Gs, with an average body length （BL） of （3.04 ± 0.36） cm and body weight （BW） （0.412± 0.35） g], the large group [GL, with a BL of （4.29±0.55） cm and BW of （1.098 ±0.42） g], and the ungraded group [Gm, with a BL of （3.47±0.81） cm and BW of （0.611 ±0.79） g], were reared under the same conditions for 8 wk. Growth performance and non- specific immunity factors were measured. The results showed that BW gain, biomass gain and the specific growth rate of body length （SGRL） were significantly influenced by size grading （one-way ANOVA, P 〈 0.05）. The peroxidase （POD） and antibacterial （Ua） activities of GL were lower than those of G. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） and lysozyme （U1） activities of Gm were lower than those of G. No significant difference （P = 0.121 〉 0.05） was found on phenoloxidase （PO） activity among the three size groups. Synthetically, size grading could enhance growth and rearing efficiency, and did not have a significant influence on the immunity of L. vannamei Boone. Therefore, graded fanning in L. vannamei Boone was feasible in the culture practice.

Effects of the Chinese Medicinal Herb Com plex Additives on Non-specific Immunity of Amursturgeon( Acipenser schrencki Brandt)

This study was to investigate the effects of aqueous decotion from three Chinese medicinal herb additives （ Cyrtomium fortunei, prescription I and prescription II） on non-specific immunity of 1 ＋ age old Amur sturgeon （Acipenser schrencki Brandt） by oral perfusion. Cyrtomiumfortunei, prescription I and prescription II were orally given to 15 fishes for each experimental group once a day, with the concentration of 9,175 and 36 g/S0 kg body weight, respectively. The administration was lasted for 14 days. Meanwhile, distilled water was orally given as the control. After the experiment, some of the experimental fishes were stimulated with high temperature （30 ℃ ） for two hours. Sampling was performed from fishes treated at 22 ℃ and 30 ℃ for measuring the protein content in the serum, phagocytic activity of leucocytes and the activity of the lysozyme in six tissues. The results indicated that Cyrtomiumfortunei and prescription II could help to enhance the content of various proteins and the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. There was no significant change in the effects between these two additives at either the normal temperature or high temperature. Prescription I did not show an obvious effect on the immunity of fishes at the normal temperature, but it did in promo- ting high-efficiency response and improving immunoregulation of fish shocked by some stimuli.

Comparative pilot study on the effects of pulsating and static cupping on non-specific neck pain and local skin blood perfusion

Objective:To compare the effects of pulsating and static cupping on non-specific neck pain and local skin microcirculation blood perfusion,which is a pilot study.Methods:Seventy participants with non-specific neck pain were randomized to the following groups:low-frequency pulsating cupping(LF,n=20);high-frequency pulsating cupping(HF,n=20);static cupping(SC,n=20),or waiting list(WL,n=10).The LF,HF,and SC received a bilateral 10-minute cupping treatment at Jianzhongshu(SI 15).Outcomes were pain intensity(visual analog scale,VAS),functional status(Neck Disability Index,NDI),and skin blood perfusion at the SI 15,Dazhui(GV 14),and Shenzhu(GV 12)acupoint areas,measured using Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis technology.Results:Both LF and HF groups showed a significant reduction in VAS scores compared with the SC group(9.00,95%Cl 1.05-16.95,P=.027;8.75,95%CI 0.80-16.70,P=.031).There was no significant difference in VAS scores between the LF and HF groups(P>.05)and between NDI scores measured 3 days after intervention among the four groups(P>.05).In the SI 15 area,blood perfusion in the three treatment groups was higher than that in WL group(P<.01),and the perfusion unit(PU)of the HF pulsating group at 5 minutes after intervention was significantly higher compared with the SC group(P<.05).In the GV 14 area,blood perfusion in the two pulsating cupping groups was higher compared with the WL and SC groups after cupping(P<.05).In the GV 12 area,the PU of the LF group was higher compared with the other three groups only at the time of cup removal(P<.05).Conclusion:This study showed that pulsating cupping may have more favorable analgesic effects on non-specific neck pain compared with static cupping,which may be related to its better effect on improving the local skin blood perfusion.

Effect of Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress on Non-specific Immunity of Hybrid Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus× Oreochromis areus)

The juveniles of hybrid tilapia （ Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis areus） were exposed to ananonia-nitrogen （N） （0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L） for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h to evaluate the effect of ammonia-N stress on their non-specific immunity. Results show that the activity of serum lysozyme decreased signifi- candy with extension of stress time （P 〈 0.05）. The total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） and activity of antioxidase in liver were significantly affected. The activi- ty of T-AOC and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） of fish exposed to ammonia-N were initially decreasing then increasing （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Activities of catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were correlated with concentrations of ammonia-N. Fish exposed to lower concentrations （2.5 mg/L or 5 mg/L） showed decreased CAT activity within 24 h （P 〈 0.05 ）, while those exposed to higher concentrations （10 mg/L or 20 mg/L） initially showed increased then decreased activity of CAT. Except for the highest concentration groups, fish exposed to ammonia-N showed inductive activity of GSH-Px （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Under the ex- perimental conditions, non-specific immunity of tilapia was affected by ammonia-N stress, and the impact was increased with increased concentration and extension of time.

Research progress of non-specific neck pain in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine

Non-specific neck pain is a common disease in clinic,and its pathogenesis is not clear.With the progress of the times and the change of living and working habits,the incidence of non-specific neck pain is increasing year by year,which has a great impact on people’s physical and mental health,work and life.Traditional Chinese medicine mainly treats non-specific neck pain by acupuncture and massage,while western medicine generally uses exercise and manipulation therapy,but the quality of clinical evidence of all kinds of therapy is not high,which needs to be verified.This paper summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of non-specific neck pain from the aspects of pathogenesis,etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine,and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine,so as to provide reference for doctors in clinical treatment of this disease.

Ultrastructural changes in non-specific duodenitis

AIM: To investigate the ultrastructural and morphological changes of non-specific duodenitis (NSD) in an attempt to grade them according to the extent of the lesions. METHODS: Biopsies were taken from the mucosa of duodenal bulb of 44 patients selected from the patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for epigastric discomforts. From each patient, two pinch biopsies on the same area were obtained from duodenal bulb. One was for scanning electron microscopy and the other was stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Warthin-Starry silver and both were then examined under light microscope. A total of 12 specimens (three from each degree of the normal and I-III of NSD diagnosed and graded by histology) selected from the 44 patients were dehydrated, critical point dried, coated with gold palladium and examined under a JEOL JSM-30 scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 20 kV. RESULTS: According to the ultrastructural morphologic changes, non-specific duodenitis was divided into normal (as control group), mild, moderate and severe degrees according to results of SEM. The normal villi of duodenal bulb were less than 0.2 mm. There were inflammation cells, occasionally red blood cells and macrophages on the mucosal epithelial surface. Erosion and desquamation of epithelium could be seen. Three cases (25%, 3/12) had gastric metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection could be found in 5 cases (41.67%, 5/12) in duodenal bulb mucosa. The most distinctive feature was the ulcer-like defect on the surface of epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: Non-specific duodenitis is a separate entity disease caused by different factors. SEM is of value as an aid in the diagnosis of mucosal diseases of duodenum.

Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to intraperitoneal injection of bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila

Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was studied to 60 individuals in two groups.Each bullfrog in bacterium-injected group was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension at a density of 5.2 × 106 CFU/ml,while each one in control group injected i.p.with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution(0.85%,w/v).Three bullfrogs in both groups were sampled at 0,1,3,7,11,15 and 20 days post-injection(dpi) for the evaluation of non-specific immune parameters.It was observed that intraperitoneal injection of A.hydrophila significantly increased the number of leucocytes and that of NBT-positive cells in peripheral blood.Significant increases in serum bactericidal activity and serum acid phosphatase activity were also observed in the bacterium-injected frogs when compared with those in the control group.However,a significant reduction was detected in vitro in phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood phagocytes.No significant difference in changes in the number of peripheral erythrocytes,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,and lysozyme activity was detected between the two groups.It is suggested that bullfrogs may produce a series of non-specific immune reactions in response to the A.hydrophila infection.

Thermal Therapy in Patients Suffering from Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain—A Systematic Review

Thermal therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to treatment in patients suffering from chronic low back pain. It is also an inherent part of patients’ self-administered pain treatment. This review aims to update the evidence for thermal therapy treatments in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and to rate the methodological quality of the corresponding clinical trials. Previous studies have reported contradictory evidence for the effectiveness of thermal therapy. An electronic search on MEDLINE (PubMed), PEDro, CENTRAL and CINHAL databases was conducted between May 2016 and February 2018. Clinical trials comparing local thermal therapy to conservative or no treatment were assessed for eligibility. Pain, physical function and global health were defined as outcome parameters. A total of n = 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. All of them applied an electrophysical agent as the thermal treatment: continuous ultrasound (n = 6), short-wave diathermy (n = 2), microwave diathermy (n = 1). Out of the n = 6 studies on ultrasound treatment, n = 2 reported significant within and between-group results for pain reduction after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment. Both short-wave diathermy studies demonstrated significant between-group results for pain reduction after 3 weeks of treatment. Contradictory results for all other observed outcome parameters were reported regardless of the intervention. Moreover, significant within-group results for the control groups questioned the effectiveness of the intervention treatments. Therefore, the effect of thermal therapy, (electrophysical agents), is not superior to any control treatment except for ultrasound treatment on short-term pain reduction.

Non-specific Arm Pain

Non-specific arm pain is a special clinical condition that can occur in work-related activities that involve maintaining a static position for prolonged periods or repetitive and frequent movements of the hand or entire arm. Such activities include typing on a keyboard, maneuvering a computer mouse, playing musical instruments （such as piano and guitar） and many forms of manual labor. The pain is dull and diffuse; It is localized in the forearm or in the hand but quickly can expand to the entire extremity. Non-specific arm pain is the most frequent type of work-related pain after lower-back pain. It thus has important socio-economic significance as a major cause of absence from work. The designation of ＂non-specific＂ originates from the fact that it has no obvious signs of tissue damage, unlike the ＂specific＂ pain accompanying carpal tunnel syndrome, tenosinovitis de Quervain, or lateral epicondylitis. Suggested causes of the pain include microtrauma of soft tissue followed by an inflammatory reaction, ischemia, fatigue, hyper-sensitization of nociceptors, focal dystonia of the hand and/or psychological stress. Treatment consists of application of NSAIDs, physical modalities, stretching and aerobic exercises. Prevention focuses on ergonomic modification during manual labor or work on a computer.

彩色多普勒超声诊断大动脉炎外周血管病变的价值分析

目的:分析彩色多普勒超声在大动脉炎外周血管病变诊断中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年1月平度市第三人民医院收治的疑似大动脉炎外周血管病变患者74例作为研究对象。所有研究对象分别进行二维超声检查和彩色多普勒超声检查,以综合诊断为“金标准”,比较两种检查方法诊断效能及成像特征。结果:综合诊断显示,74例疑似大功脉炎外周血管病变患者确诊61例。彩色多普勒超声的灵敏度、特异度、准确率和阴性预测值高于二维超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);彩色多普勒超声与二维超声阳性预测值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二维超声图像中明显可见血管壁结构异常,彩色多普勒超声中可见血流束异常。结论:彩色多普勒超声在大动脉炎外周血管病变诊断中具有较高的应用价值,能够显著提高诊断准确性。

大动脉炎综合征的影像表现特点

目的 讨论多发性大动脉影像表现特点。方法 46例大动脉炎综合征病例 ,经普通血管造影 7例 ,DSA造影2 3例 ,MR检查 8例 ,DSA和MR检查 4例 ,DSA和CT检查 4例。结果 大动脉炎综合征病变以狭窄 阻塞型最常见( 73 .9% ) ,按Lupi Herrea分型以Ⅲ型多见 ( 4 3 .5 % ) ,最常受累的血管为左锁骨下动脉 ( 69.6% )及左颈总动脉 ( 60 .9% )。结论 大动脉炎综合征多部位血管受累多见 ,以狭窄 阻塞型常见 。

重症头臂型大动脉炎的诊治经验

目的:探讨重症头臂型大动脉炎治疗方案的选择。方法:28例重症头臂型大动脉炎病人中17例行人工血管旁路术,5例行球囊导管扩张术,6例行保守治疗。结果:手术、扩张、保守3种治疗方法均明显地改善了病人的脑缺血症状。术后5至91个月随访,病人均无明显脑缺血症状,并能正常地工作、生活。结论:重症头臂型大动脉炎的病人如果处于活动期应尽量以保守治疗为主,保守治疗可以缓解脑缺血的症状;处于非活动期时可根据情况选择介入或手术治疗。一侧颈总动脉狭窄可行颈总动脉球囊导管扩张术;双侧颈总动脉均完全闭塞,则主张选择升主动脉鄄单侧颈内动脉人工血管旁路的手术方式,不仅疗效肯定,而且能够避免或减轻术中、术后脑水肿的发生。术中及术后应控制血压,并同时应用甘露醇和皮质激素,预防脑水肿的发生。

IN SITU IMAGING OF BREAST CANCER CELLS USING GREEN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS

The breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women. To establish an early stage in situ imaging of breast cancer cells, green quantum dots （QDs） are used as a fluorescent signal generator. The QDs based imaging of breast cancer cells involves anti-HER2/neu antibody for labeling the over expressed HER2 on the surface of breast cancer cells. The complete assay involves breast cancer cells, biotin labeled antibody and streptavidin conjugated QDs. The breast cancer cells are grown in culture plates and exposed to the biotin labeled antibodies, and then exposed to streptavidin labeled QDs to utilize the strong and stable biotin-streptavidin interaction. Fluorescent images of the complete assay for breast cancer cells are evaluated on a microscope with a UV light source. Results show that the breast cancer cells in the complete assay are used as fluorescent cells with brighter signals compared with those labeled by the organic dye using similar parameters and the same number of cells.