Research of CBR, DM and smart algorithms based design methods for high-rise building structure form-selection

First, the high-rise building structure design process is divided into three relevant steps, that is, scheme generation and creation, performance evaluation, and scheme optimization. Then with the application of relational database, the case database of high-rise structures is constructed, the structure form-selection designing methods such as the smart algorithm based on CBR, DM, FINS, NN and GA is presented, and the original forms system of this method and its general structure are given. CBR and DM are used to generate scheme candidates; FINS and NN to evaluate and optimize the scheme performance; GA to create new structure forms. Finally, the application cases are presented, whose results fit in with the real project. It proves by combining and using the expert intelligence, algorithm intelligence and machine intelligence that this method makes good use of not only the engineering project knowledge and expertise but also much deeper knowledge contained in various engineering cases. In other words, it is because the form selection has a strong background support of vast real cases that its results prove more reliable and more acceptable. So the introduction of this method provides an effective approach to improving the quality, efficiency, automatic and smart level of high-rise structures form selection design.

Structural form selection of the high-rise buildingwith the improved BP neural network

As civil engineering technology development,the structural form selection is more and more critical in design of high-rise buildings.However,structural form selection involves expertise knowledge and changes with the environment which makes the task arduous.An approach utilizing improved back propagation(BP)neural network optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)algorithm is proposed to extract the main controlling factors of structural form selection.Then,an intelligent expert system with artificial neural network is constructed to design high-rise buildings structure effectively.The experiment tests the model in 15 well-known architecture samples and get the prediction accuracy of 93.33%.The results show that the method is feasible and can help designers select the appropriate structural form.

The Effects of Building Form on Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Tropical City

The urban microclimate has direct implications with regards to thermal comfort indoors as well as outdoors. In the tropics, the outdoor thermal comfort conditions during daytime are often far above acceptable comfort standards due to intense solar radiation and high solar elevations. This study aims to know effects of simple and fundamental building forms on microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in a high dense tropical city, focusing on Dhaka, Bangladesh as a study city. Investigations are carried out on existing area and model areas with modified building forms （in respect of height and shape） on the microclimate as well as on outdoor thermal comfort during daytime in summer. This study has demonstrated that the model using less ground coverage and higher buildings can offer a better thermal climate than the models using maximum ground coverage in a high-density tropical city.

Analysis on Pore-Forming Pouring Pile Construction Technology of House Building Project

Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and water layer underground without very high requirements in equipment. The actual bearing capacity of single pile is very strong, so that it can be better to adapt to the actual needs of different scales or the different geological conditions in building. And it has been promoted and used greatly in building construction work [1]. This paper introduces the concept of the pore-forming pouring pile technology, analyzes the pore-forming construction technology and the pile construction technology, then talks about prevention problems of the pore-forming pouring pile construction in House Building Project, at last draws a conclusion that the pore-forming pouring pile technology is the most basic construction technology and is the most effective and convenient way of construction.

Building Height Trends and Their Influencing Factors under China’s Rapid Urbanization:A Case Study of Guangzhou,1960–2017

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of three-dimensional urban forms,especially building height,can have important implications for improving urban air quality and mitigating the urban heat island effect by optimizing urban planning and management policies.This study investigated building height evolution and its influencing factors over approximately half a century(1960–2017)in Guangzhou,China.The results indicated that the logarithmic declines in height,quantity,and area of urban buildings followed Zapf’s law,which restricts the three-dimensional shape of the urban form.The urban building height decreased from the center to the periphery of the city and decreased with decreasing altitude and increasing distance from main roads.These characteristics constituted the three main spatial differentiation rules of building height in the central district of Guangzhou,and all exhibited a logarithmic decrease,which gradually strengthened over time.The development of a double-layered height structure of low-rise and high-rise buildings between 1990 and 2017 was a notable manifestation of the increase in vertical urban height over time.The three factors of city center,altitude,and accessibility,which represent centrality,low relief,proximity to water,and proximity to road networks,highlighted the roles of traffic accessibility and commercial attraction in building height evolution.The importance of location macroscopically depends on the combined effect of the geographical pattern,urban planning,and market forces of cities located on a plain near hill or by a river.The principle of profit orientation restricted spatiotemporal building height patterns.

Case Study of Reactor Containment Building Construction in Nuclear Power Plant

It is very important to reduce the construction duration of the Reactor Containment Building (RCB) when considering the more than 50 months on average from concrete placement to completion. Through a case study, this study performs a pre-study for the reduction of construction duration in nuclear power plant project based on construction process of the RCB. The actual data of the case study have been collected and analyze the process and the external wall drawings of the RCB with construction practitioners. As a result of that, it is necessary to modularize the external wall form for equipment hatch and to extend the height of one layer of the external wall form to reduce the construction duration of RCB. The results of this study will be utilized to reduce construction duration of the nuclear power plant.

Design between Architecture and Structure: Case Studies of Pilot Interventions on Italian Monumental Buildings

Two case studies,referring to historic Italian buildings housing city halls,provide an opportunity to investigate the design of non-standard elements aimed at protecting masonry vaults,with particular reference to the preliminary works prior to the actual structural restoration work.There is in fact a phase in which it is a priority to secure the vault to avert possible risks to the users of that portion of the building.This phase is temporarily intermediate between the detection and aggravation of injuries and the renovation and consolidation project.Although these are provisional works,they are intended for buildings that are often public and therefore intended for a wide range of users,such as schools,offices or monumental buildings.In analyzing traditional techniques and systems used in similar cases,the possibility of developing evolutionary aspects with respect to,above all,simple shoring techniques emerged.In these areas,hybrids between a structural and architectural project,it is possible to reconcile static requirements with architectural techniques of space management,attentive to the quality of the interior and the integration of the provisional work with the reference context.

Rethinking China's Soft Power Building in Africa

Sino-African relations have progressed significantly on the economic front over the past one and half decade ever since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) in October 2000.For example。

江西天井式民居生态适宜性探究

江西地区传统天井式民居具有良好的生态适宜性,在漫长的岁月中形成一套人与自然相和谐的共处模式。文章选取典型案例进行实地测绘、建模,借助Ecotect、Phoenics以及Energy Plus软件进行模拟分析,比较天井式民居与现代民居的光环境、风环境及能耗,验证天井式民居宜居性特征,分析天井式民居生态适宜性的优势与短板,并提出提高现代乡土民居生态适宜性的设计策略,以期为现代建筑的被动式节能技术提供优化思路。

基于风环境响应的可变建筑表皮设计策略研究

与传统静态建筑表皮相比,可变建筑表皮因具有动态适应性能够更好地适应室外环境变化。而在现有的研究中,对基于风环境响应的可变建筑表皮的研究较少。通过案例研究,将基于风环境响应的可变建筑表皮分为可变通风表皮、风动幕墙两类。可变通风表皮可以对室外环境因素进行实时响应以降低建筑能耗并提高室内舒适度,在国家大力提倡“碳达峰、碳中和”的政策背景下,可以更好地满足低碳建筑要求。风动幕墙可以与风环境互动创造灵动的立面效果,提高立面视觉美学。分别从响应因子、运动方式的角度对两类表皮的设计策略进行梳理,为之后基于风环境响应的可变建筑表皮的设计及应用提供参考。

RESIDENTIAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT MODELING: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF INSULATING CONCRETE FORMS AND TRADITIONAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Innovative,sustainable construction products are emerging in response to market demands.One potential prod­uct,insulating concrete forms(ICFs),offers possible advantages in energy and environmental performance when compared with traditional construction materials.Even though ICFs are in part derived from a petroleum-based product,the benefits in the use phase outweigh the impacts of the raw material extraction and manufacturing phase.This paper quantitatively measures ICFs’performance through a comparative life cycle assessment of wall sections comprised of ICF and traditional wood-frame.The life cycle stages included raw materials extraction and manufac­turing,construction,use and end of life for a 2,450 square foot house in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Results showed that even though building products such as ICFs are energy intensive to produce and thus have higher environmental impacts in the raw materials extraction and manufacturing phase,the use phase dominated in the life cycle.For the use phase,the home constructed of ICFs consumed 20 percent less energy when compared to a traditional wood-frame structure.The results of the impact assessment show that ICFs have higher impacts over wood homes in most impact categories.The high impacts arise from the raw materials extraction and manufacturing phase of ICFs.But there are a number of embedded unit processes such as disposal of solid waste and transport of natural gas that contribute to this high impact and identifying the top unit process and substance contributors to the impact category is not intuitive.Selecting different unit processes or impact assessment methods will yield dissimilar results and the tradeoffs associated with every building product should be considered after studying the entire life cycle in detail.

公共建筑入口形式对室内气溶胶扩散的影响研究

气溶胶是悬浮于空气中的微小颗粒物质,对人体呼吸系统健康具有严重危害。作为室内外空气流通的关键过渡空间,公共建筑入口的不同设计形式对室内空气质量(IAQ,Indoor Air Quality)产生显著影响。通过文献综述和实地调研,选取合肥市36座公共建筑的入口设计形式进行特征提取,归纳出了平入口、有雨棚的平入口和凹入口三类典型入口形式模型;利用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法建立了空气流场和气溶胶扩散分布模型,对模型的不同精度网格展开模拟结果的网格无关性验证;并在此基础上,利用现场实测数据进行了模拟数据的对比验证;探讨了三类不同入口形式下室内气溶胶的扩散路径和分布特征。结果表明:1)室内气溶胶浓度与空气流动之间存在显著的关联性。空气流动速率越大,气溶胶浓度越低;空气流动速率越小,气溶胶浓度越高;2)转角空间或狭小空间容易形成涡流,涡流会导致空气滞留,阻碍气溶胶扩散,进而导致局部区域的气溶胶浓度增加;3)有雨棚的平入口的气溶胶进入量略小于无雨棚平入口,占比无雨棚平入口的92.8%,但其室内气溶胶残留量为23.6%,高出无雨棚平入口7.3%;4)室内气溶胶残留量占比从高到低排列为:有雨棚的平入口(23.6%)>平入口(16.3%)>凹入口(14.8%),凹入口在自然通风情况下气溶胶的扩散得到了有效抑制,室内气溶胶残留量最低。建议在设计中采用凹型入口,避免采用大体量雨棚,有利于自然通风,提升建筑出入口空间的空气质量。

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究与实践

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑设计方法是以建筑本源理论创作为基础,以绿色建筑的显性要素与隐性要素协同为出发点,以建筑师的建筑创作为视角,强化通过显性要素的绿色技术创作、地域性建构、设计节能等内容,最大限度地建构与挖掘绿色建筑本源创作基础,并基于此形成适宜的隐性要素关联匹配的绿色建筑创作新方法。讨论了一种基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究,提出绿色建筑是具备生态意义的显性要素和隐性要素的集合,剖面、平面和层间3类的通风原型是一种显性要素基础性生态装置,而合院建筑的通风则是一种复杂形体下的上述通风原型的集合呈现。以上海市某合院建筑为例,在项目实践中对其通风形式设计进行探讨,具备了实际的示范意义,为相关项目的设计提供参考。

新型都市工业:形成原因、内涵特征与发展策略

新型都市工业作为一种产业新形态,是新质生产力的都市空间产业表现。在总结提炼新型都市工业基本内涵的基础上,从产业空间形态、产业行业形态、发展体系、微观运行主体、区域产业属性和区域产业治理方式六个方面阐述了其主要特征。围绕现阶段产城人融合发展态势,我国各级政府应以形成新型都市工业发展共识为基础,重构或调整多种利益关系,重新配置都市工业资源,加快数智化转型,充实高端生产性服务业,加快新型基础设施建设,塑造工业与社区新型关系,推动试点示范。

建构视角下西安乡村现代建筑材料应用问题研究

随着城镇化建设进程的加速,乡村地区的建设与城市逐渐接轨,现代建筑材料在乡村建设中无序使用,导致乡村风貌混乱成为当下乡村问题的集中诟病,以致地域特色消弭。本研究以当下西安乡村地区若干典型村庄为调查对象,以建构理论为基础,从建造逻辑、组织形式及文化属性三个方面对当前建筑材料应用所带来的风貌问题进行分析,并提出更新策略,以期实现现代建筑材料应用视角下的乡村风貌优化目标。

基于风环境优化的岭南高校教学组团形态布局设计研究

校园形态与环境舒适性的关系是校园建设的热门议题。探讨高校公共教学组团布局类型及关键设计要素与风环境评价指标的关系,目的在于为风环境导向下的公共教学组团空间形态控制提供思考路径。选取岭南地区54所建成高校公共教学组团作为研究对象,归纳总结组团布局类型,分析风环境相关设计要素(包括建筑朝向、建筑间距与围合形式),抽象高校公共教学组团理想模型,运用Phoenics软件进行夏季风环境模拟;设计单因子变量实验,分析不同因素与室外风环境的关联关系;对3个设计要素进行关联分析,探讨不同设计制约条件下的最优因素水平组合。结果显示,行列式布局在4种布局类型中室外风环境表现最优;当建筑根据地形呈斜向行列式布局时,组团室外风环境舒适性和空间感受较好;建筑间距与组团室外风环境呈正相关关系,但差异性较小;呈E型或S型围合的组团布局模式,连接体采用架空、挖洞等手法进行通透性处理,是兼顾室外风环境舒适性与空间需求的较优组团形式。

先秦丘居形态及其对古代营城理念的影响

本文梳理了“丘”的概念及其五重涵义,用图形化的方式考释了“敦丘”“陶丘”“融丘”和“昆仑丘”四种丘居形态。并由此出发,解析了古代多重城制的成因,择居丘南的缘起,以及地法昆仑的三种方法,以探究丘居形态对古代营城理念的深刻影响。

型钢混凝土柱配钢形式研究现状与展望

为促进型钢混凝土在超高层建筑中的应用,在介绍巨型柱在超高层建筑应用状况的基础上,从实腹式和空腹式两种配钢形式论述了型钢混凝土柱抗震性能研究现状。分析表明,相比空腹式配钢形式,实腹式能更稳定地发挥型钢混凝土的性能。但部分研究表明,合理的截面设计能提高空腹式型钢混凝土型钢与混凝土协同工作效果。尚需研究具有普适性的型钢混凝土承载力理论计算方法和抗震构造措施,以发展具有施工便捷性和良好抗震性能的钢–混凝土组合构件。

天津市中心城区典型城市形态原型中建筑形态的热环境效应

以天津市中心城区为例,使用Landsat-8遥感影像反演地表温度(LST),以表征城市热环境。同时,采用建筑数据量化17种建筑形态指标,并识别9种典型城市形态原型。在此基础上,分析不同城市形态原型间的地表温度差异,并用多元线性逐步回归方法探究不同城市形态原型中建筑形态的热环境效应。结果表明:①不同城市形态原型之间的夏季地表温度差异显著,低层高密度区地表温度均值最高,高层低密度区最低;②不同城市形态原型中建筑形态对夏季地表温度均有显著影响,但影响程度存在差异;③不同城市形态原型中各建筑形态因素对夏季地表温度影响方向一致,但重要性存在差异。因此,城市开发和更新中应关注城市形态模式和建筑形态,提出因地制宜的建筑形态调控策略。

基于焦散效应的凹面玻璃幕墙光热聚焦实验教学设计

针对凹面玻璃幕墙建筑引起的光热聚焦问题,设计了光热聚焦实验项目,用于高校建筑物理实验教学,以使学生认识到应对建筑形式引起的物理环境问题的重要性。首先以焦散效应理论,解析了凹面玻璃幕墙光热聚焦的产生原因;然后制作实验模型,并借助热成像仪记录不同情况下聚焦区域内的光热图像,确定光热聚焦时空分布的变化规律;最后,引导学生思考凹面玻璃幕墙光热聚焦的应对策略。该项目将光与热、艺术形式与物理技术、理论与实验、光热图像与量化数据相融合,既提高了学生的实验兴趣,又提升了教学效果。