Structural form selection of the high-rise buildingwith the improved BP neural network

As civil engineering technology development,the structural form selection is more and more critical in design of high-rise buildings.However,structural form selection involves expertise knowledge and changes with the environment which makes the task arduous.An approach utilizing improved back propagation(BP)neural network optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)algorithm is proposed to extract the main controlling factors of structural form selection.Then,an intelligent expert system with artificial neural network is constructed to design high-rise buildings structure effectively.The experiment tests the model in 15 well-known architecture samples and get the prediction accuracy of 93.33%.The results show that the method is feasible and can help designers select the appropriate structural form.

Analysis on Pore-Forming Pouring Pile Construction Technology of House Building Project

Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and water layer underground without very high requirements in equipment. The actual bearing capacity of single pile is very strong, so that it can be better to adapt to the actual needs of different scales or the different geological conditions in building. And it has been promoted and used greatly in building construction work [1]. This paper introduces the concept of the pore-forming pouring pile technology, analyzes the pore-forming construction technology and the pile construction technology, then talks about prevention problems of the pore-forming pouring pile construction in House Building Project, at last draws a conclusion that the pore-forming pouring pile technology is the most basic construction technology and is the most effective and convenient way of construction.

Research of CBR, DM and smart algorithms based design methods for high-rise building structure form-selection

First, the high-rise building structure design process is divided into three relevant steps, that is, scheme generation and creation, performance evaluation, and scheme optimization. Then with the application of relational database, the case database of high-rise structures is constructed, the structure form-selection designing methods such as the smart algorithm based on CBR, DM, FINS, NN and GA is presented, and the original forms system of this method and its general structure are given. CBR and DM are used to generate scheme candidates; FINS and NN to evaluate and optimize the scheme performance; GA to create new structure forms. Finally, the application cases are presented, whose results fit in with the real project. It proves by combining and using the expert intelligence, algorithm intelligence and machine intelligence that this method makes good use of not only the engineering project knowledge and expertise but also much deeper knowledge contained in various engineering cases. In other words, it is because the form selection has a strong background support of vast real cases that its results prove more reliable and more acceptable. So the introduction of this method provides an effective approach to improving the quality, efficiency, automatic and smart level of high-rise structures form selection design.

Building Height Trends and Their Influencing Factors under China’s Rapid Urbanization:A Case Study of Guangzhou,1960–2017

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of three-dimensional urban forms,especially building height,can have important implications for improving urban air quality and mitigating the urban heat island effect by optimizing urban planning and management policies.This study investigated building height evolution and its influencing factors over approximately half a century(1960–2017)in Guangzhou,China.The results indicated that the logarithmic declines in height,quantity,and area of urban buildings followed Zapf’s law,which restricts the three-dimensional shape of the urban form.The urban building height decreased from the center to the periphery of the city and decreased with decreasing altitude and increasing distance from main roads.These characteristics constituted the three main spatial differentiation rules of building height in the central district of Guangzhou,and all exhibited a logarithmic decrease,which gradually strengthened over time.The development of a double-layered height structure of low-rise and high-rise buildings between 1990 and 2017 was a notable manifestation of the increase in vertical urban height over time.The three factors of city center,altitude,and accessibility,which represent centrality,low relief,proximity to water,and proximity to road networks,highlighted the roles of traffic accessibility and commercial attraction in building height evolution.The importance of location macroscopically depends on the combined effect of the geographical pattern,urban planning,and market forces of cities located on a plain near hill or by a river.The principle of profit orientation restricted spatiotemporal building height patterns.

Case Study of Reactor Containment Building Construction in Nuclear Power Plant

It is very important to reduce the construction duration of the Reactor Containment Building (RCB) when considering the more than 50 months on average from concrete placement to completion. Through a case study, this study performs a pre-study for the reduction of construction duration in nuclear power plant project based on construction process of the RCB. The actual data of the case study have been collected and analyze the process and the external wall drawings of the RCB with construction practitioners. As a result of that, it is necessary to modularize the external wall form for equipment hatch and to extend the height of one layer of the external wall form to reduce the construction duration of RCB. The results of this study will be utilized to reduce construction duration of the nuclear power plant.

Design between Architecture and Structure: Case Studies of Pilot Interventions on Italian Monumental Buildings

Two case studies,referring to historic Italian buildings housing city halls,provide an opportunity to investigate the design of non-standard elements aimed at protecting masonry vaults,with particular reference to the preliminary works prior to the actual structural restoration work.There is in fact a phase in which it is a priority to secure the vault to avert possible risks to the users of that portion of the building.This phase is temporarily intermediate between the detection and aggravation of injuries and the renovation and consolidation project.Although these are provisional works,they are intended for buildings that are often public and therefore intended for a wide range of users,such as schools,offices or monumental buildings.In analyzing traditional techniques and systems used in similar cases,the possibility of developing evolutionary aspects with respect to,above all,simple shoring techniques emerged.In these areas,hybrids between a structural and architectural project,it is possible to reconcile static requirements with architectural techniques of space management,attentive to the quality of the interior and the integration of the provisional work with the reference context.

Rethinking China's Soft Power Building in Africa

Sino-African relations have progressed significantly on the economic front over the past one and half decade ever since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) in October 2000.For example。

江西天井式民居生态适宜性探究

江西地区传统天井式民居具有良好的生态适宜性,在漫长的岁月中形成一套人与自然相和谐的共处模式。文章选取典型案例进行实地测绘、建模,借助Ecotect、Phoenics以及Energy Plus软件进行模拟分析,比较天井式民居与现代民居的光环境、风环境及能耗,验证天井式民居宜居性特征,分析天井式民居生态适宜性的优势与短板,并提出提高现代乡土民居生态适宜性的设计策略,以期为现代建筑的被动式节能技术提供优化思路。

先秦丘居形态及其对古代营城理念的影响

本文梳理了“丘”的概念及其五重涵义,用图形化的方式考释了“敦丘”“陶丘”“融丘”和“昆仑丘”四种丘居形态。并由此出发,解析了古代多重城制的成因,择居丘南的缘起,以及地法昆仑的三种方法,以探究丘居形态对古代营城理念的深刻影响。

型钢混凝土柱配钢形式研究现状与展望

为促进型钢混凝土在超高层建筑中的应用,在介绍巨型柱在超高层建筑应用状况的基础上,从实腹式和空腹式两种配钢形式论述了型钢混凝土柱抗震性能研究现状。分析表明,相比空腹式配钢形式,实腹式能更稳定地发挥型钢混凝土的性能。但部分研究表明,合理的截面设计能提高空腹式型钢混凝土型钢与混凝土协同工作效果。尚需研究具有普适性的型钢混凝土承载力理论计算方法和抗震构造措施,以发展具有施工便捷性和良好抗震性能的钢–混凝土组合构件。

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究与实践

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑设计方法是以建筑本源理论创作为基础,以绿色建筑的显性要素与隐性要素协同为出发点,以建筑师的建筑创作为视角,强化通过显性要素的绿色技术创作、地域性建构、设计节能等内容,最大限度地建构与挖掘绿色建筑本源创作基础,并基于此形成适宜的隐性要素关联匹配的绿色建筑创作新方法。讨论了一种基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究,提出绿色建筑是具备生态意义的显性要素和隐性要素的集合,剖面、平面和层间3类的通风原型是一种显性要素基础性生态装置,而合院建筑的通风则是一种复杂形体下的上述通风原型的集合呈现。以上海市某合院建筑为例,在项目实践中对其通风形式设计进行探讨,具备了实际的示范意义,为相关项目的设计提供参考。

多维参数组合的建筑形态生成方法及应用——以低层办公建筑为例

如何通过机器学习模型训练的方式实现特定生成规则下的建筑形态性能预测,并实现将其迁移至其他建筑形态对应的性能预测任务中,是目前建筑性能预测与优化研究领域的阻碍之一。提出基于多维参数组合的复杂建筑形态生成方法,并将该方法应用于建筑外表面日照辐射性能预测数据集制备过程中,得到的数据集用于机器学习模型训练,实现了对于建筑外表面日照辐射性能指标的预测功能。结果表明模型训练结果良好,预测数据拟和程度较高。通过对于未训练过的数据集进行预测并进行误差比对试验,表明该方法形成的数据集可以提高机器学习模型的泛化能力,有助于将该模型用于不同的建筑设计场景,进而为实现通用人工智能技术辅助建筑性能预测与优化提出了理论支持。

电力调度建筑的设计策略

对电力调度建筑这一特殊的建筑类型的特点进行分析,提出功能主导、完善服务、空间营造等设计策略,并以蒙东电力调度通讯楼的设计为例,采用上述策略解决功能、形式、空间等问题,使得该建筑形成了别具特色的空间效果。

基于Qform的建筑脚手架连接叉锻压工艺模拟

针对高强度、高可靠建筑零件成形较难的问题,分析了建筑脚手架连接叉的成形工艺。运用有限元软件Qform对其锻压中的辊锻成形进行了模拟,得到辊锻成形过程中不同位置处的等效应力、等效应变。分析了不同辊轮转速与辊轮进给速度对连接叉辊锻等效应力的影响。结果表明：连接叉在辊锻过程中,随着辊轮转速增加,等效应变也随着增加;随着辊轮进给速度的增加,等效应变反而逐渐减小。连接叉辊锻过程中锻件等效应力比较均匀,辊轮转速及进给速度对锻件变形影响较大。

寒冷地区典型办公园区室外热舒适研究

办公建筑作为城市中常见的建筑类型,是城市居民的重要活动场所,室外热环境的改善能够有效提升办公园区的空间品质。选取大连市典型办公园区作为研究对象,采用类型学研究方法,以通用热气候指数(Universal Thermal Climate Index,UTCI)与热舒适预测平均投票数(Predicted Mean Vote,PMV)作为评价指标,通过软件模拟不同围合度条件下办公园区热舒适的分布情况。结果表明:①以平面围合程度作为划分依据,将研究样本按照围合程度从低到高分为点式、板式、L字型、U字型、庭院型、复合型六大类。②在建筑参数相近的条件下,随着建筑组团围合度的提高,办公园区建筑场地内的室外热舒适度越高,即场地热舒适度从高到低排序为:复合式>庭院式>U字型>L字型>板式>点式。在仅考虑室外热舒适度的情况下,寒冷地区办公建筑适合围合度高(复合型、庭院型、U字型)的建筑形式。

绿蓝空间协同作用下建筑街区的热湿环境分析

为分析绿蓝空间协同作用下环湖建筑街区的热湿环境,采用了CFD(计算流体力学)的方法对4种典型建筑街区形态进行了数值模拟。结果表明:气流作用下,绿蓝空间对中下游建筑街区的温湿度影响较大,尤其是两岸和下游中央区域。其中等高型(H=8 m)、环湖上升型由于建筑高度较低,气流更快地通过街区,形成“扩散状”温湿度分布;等高型(H=12 m)、环湖下降型由于低温气流在水体上空没有足够时间沉降,形成“聚集状”温湿度分布,从而在植被附近形成多个冷旋涡,进而产生局域的“冷岛效应”。蓝色空间取代部分密集建筑街区,在与绿色空间协同作用下,通过合理布局能较大幅度优化建筑街区环境。

天津市中心城区典型城市形态原型中建筑形态的热环境效应

以天津市中心城区为例,使用Landsat-8遥感影像反演地表温度(LST),以表征城市热环境。同时,采用建筑数据量化17种建筑形态指标,并识别9种典型城市形态原型。在此基础上,分析不同城市形态原型间的地表温度差异,并用多元线性逐步回归方法探究不同城市形态原型中建筑形态的热环境效应。结果表明:①不同城市形态原型之间的夏季地表温度差异显著,低层高密度区地表温度均值最高,高层低密度区最低;②不同城市形态原型中建筑形态对夏季地表温度均有显著影响,但影响程度存在差异;③不同城市形态原型中各建筑形态因素对夏季地表温度影响方向一致,但重要性存在差异。因此,城市开发和更新中应关注城市形态模式和建筑形态,提出因地制宜的建筑形态调控策略。

以“空间形态重塑”引导控规指标调整——以南京软件谷MCd060-05地块为例

在城市更新过程中,除了调整地块的属性功能和开发强度之外,空间格局及品质提升也是极为重要的内容,是城市更新的显性表达。在具体规划设计工作中,地块控规指标的调整是一项必要且操作性强的技术工作,对城市环境的影响立竿见影。文章以南京软件谷MCd060-05地块为例,在开发过程中运用城市设计的方法,协调建设与自然资源要素的关系、梳理优化地块内外交通网络、配置多样功能及服务设施,通过大量的“方案试做”对各地块进行强度赋值,从空间形态重塑的角度出发,对标识性建筑、交通节点接驳、视廊与界面控制进行科学有力的研判,并以形态控制反向推导控规指标的调整,提升技术参数的可操作性,促进城市空间向“好”的方向转变。

基于网络点评数据的宁夏自然风景区民宿研究

宁夏拥有悠久的历史文化和独特的自然风光,其自然风景区民宿建筑能够充分发挥自然资源优势,拉动片区整体效益,但部分民宿建筑设计对游客的使用感受关注不足。通过对网络点评数据进行词频分析、满意度分析和IPA分析,探索自然风景区民宿群的区位环境、建筑群落、建筑空间、室内空间、管理服务五项特征。研究表明:除管理服务指标外,游客更加关注建筑群落和室内空间;建筑群落的满意度较高,而区位环境的满意度较低,应重点提升民宿片区的交通环境和配套商业设施;三个民宿案例的建筑空间均存在设计过度的问题,应更加关注室内空间和管理服务。