Numerical Simulation on Production Trials by Using Depressurization for Typical Marine Hydrate Reservoirs:Well Type and Formation Dip

Natural gas hydrate has huge reserves and is widely distributed in marine environment.Its commercial development is of great significance for alleviating the contradiction between energy supply and demand.As an efficient research method,numerical simulation can provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of hydrate development.However,most of the current production models simplify the reservoir as a two-dimensional(2D)horizontal layered model,often ignoring the impact of formation dip angle.To improve the accuracy of production prediction and provide theoretical support for the optimization of production well design,two three-dimensional(3D)geological models with different dip angles based on the geological data from two typical sites are constructed.The vertical well,horizontal well and multilateral wells are deployed in these reservoirs with different permeabilities to perform production trial,and the sensitivity analysis of dip angles is also carried out.The short-term production behaviors in high and low permeability reservoirs with different dip angles are exhibited.The simulation results show that 1)the gas and water production behaviors for different well types in the two typical reservoirs show obviously different variation laws when the short-term depressurization is conducted in the inclined formation;2)the inclined formation will reduce the gas production and increase the water extraction,and the phenomena becomes pronounced as the dip angle increases,particularly in the low-permeability reservoirs;3)and the impact of formation dip on hydrate recovery does not change significantly with the variation of well type.

Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease(CVD).The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms,and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality.Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus(T2DM)and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy.AIM To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease(CAD).METHODS By using specific keywords,we strategically searched the PubMed database.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control,oxidative stress,and antioxidant levels.We focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels,adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants.After screening fulllength papers,we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion criteria.RESULTS In the literature search on the database,we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of CAD.American ginseng,sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure,which are key factors in managing T2DM and CVD.In diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes prevention.Both fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers,suggesting benefits for both conditions.The lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula,which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM.Additionally Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION The high level of antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic options for the management of CAD,with the potential benefit of lowering the risk of CAD.

Mechanisms of action of natural products on type 2 diabetes

Over the past several decades,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been considered a global public health concern.Currently,various therapeutic modalities are available for T2DM management,including dietary modifications,moderate exercise,and use of hypoglycemic agents and lipid-lowering medications.Although the curative effect of most drugs on T2DM is significant,they also exert some adverse side effects.Biologically active substances found in natural medicines are important for T2DM treatment.Several recent studies have reported that active ingredients derived from traditional medicines or foods exert a therapeutic effect on T2DM.This review compiled important articles regarding the therapeutic effects of natural products and their active ingredients on isletβcell function,adipose tissue inflammation,and insulin resistance.Additionally,this review provided an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects on different targets and signaling pathways of natural medicines in the treatment of T2DM as well as a theoretical basis for clinical effective application.

Emerging roles of microRNAs as diagnostics and potential therapeutic interest in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization.Uncontrolled high sugar levels lead to advanced glycation end products(AGEs),which affects several metabolic pathways by its receptor of advanced glycation end products(RAGE)and causes diabetic complication.MiRNAs are small RNA molecules which regulate genes linked to diabetes and affect AGEs pathogenesis,and target tissues,influencing health and disease processes.AIM To explore miRNA roles in T2DM's metabolic pathways for potential therapeutic and diagnostic advancements in diabetes complications.METHODS We systematically searched the electronic database PubMed using keywords.We included free,full-length research articles that evaluate the role of miRNAs in T2DM and its complications,focusing on genetic and molecular disease mechanisms.After assessing the full-length papers of the shortlisted articles,we included 12 research articles.RESULTS Several types of miRNAs are linked in metabolic pathways which are affected by AGE/RAGE axis in T2DM and its complications.miR-96-5p,miR-7-5p,miR-132,has_circ_0071106,miR-143,miR-21,miR-145-5p,and more are associated with various aspects of T2DM,including disease risk,diagnostic markers,complications,and gene regulation.CONCLUSION Targeting the AGE/RAGE axis,with a focus on miRNA regulation,holds promise for managing T2DM and its complications.MiRNAs have therapeutic potential as they can influence the metabolic pathways affected by AGEs and RAGE,potentially reducing inflammation,oxidative stress,and vascular complications.Additionally,miRNAs may serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM.Further research in this area may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for diabetes and its associated complications.

Non-rigid registration of medical images based on S^(1/2)(Δ_(mn)^((2)))non-tensor product Bspline

In this study,a non-tensor product B-spline algorithm is applied to the search space of the registration process,and a new method of image non-rigid registration is proposed.The tensor product B-spline is a function defined in the two directions of x and y,while the non-tensor product B-spline S^(1/2)(Δ_(mn)^((2)))is defined in four directions on the 2-type triangulation.For certain problems,using non-tensor product B-splines to describe the non-rigid deformation of an image can more accurately extract the four-directional information of the image,thereby describing the global or local non-rigid deformation of the image in more directions.Indeed,it provides a method to solve the problem of image deformation in multiple directions.In addition,the region of interest of medical images is irregular,and usually no value exists on the boundary triangle.The value of the basis function of the non-tensor product B-spline on the boundary triangle is only 0.The algorithm process is optimized.The algorithm performs completely automatic non-rigid registration of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging images of patients.In particular,this study compares the performance of the proposed algorithm with the tensor product B-spline registration algorithm.The results elucidate that the proposed algorithm clearly improves the accuracy.

Blasingame production decline type curves for analysing a multi-fractured horizontal well in tight gas reservoirs

Production decline analysis has been considered as an important method to obtain the flow parameters, reservoir properties and original gas in place. Although advanced Blasingame production decline analysis methods for vertical wells, fractured wells and horizontal wells are widely used, limited study has conducted on Blasingame production decline type curves for multi-fractured horizontal well(MFHW). Based on the perpendicular bisection(PEBI) grids, a numerical model was developed and the solution was obtained using control volume finite element method and the fully implicit method. Blasingame production decline-type curves of the infinitely conductive MFHW were plotted through computer programming. A field case was presented to analyse and verify the model developed. Five flow regimes, including early formation linear flow, early radial flow, compound linear flow, transient flow and pseudo-radial flow, are recognized. Fracture spacing is the main factor that affects early radial flow, compound linear flow and transient flow, the distance from the well to the circular boundary affects the pseudo-radial flow, and the type curves are also significantly affected by the formation permeability, fracture number and fracture half-length. The validation of field case suggests that the Blasingame production decline type curves proposed in this work can be applied to the production decline analysis for MFHW in tight gas reservoirs.

Factors affecting the adoption of on-farm milk safety measures in Northern China-An examination from the perspective of farm size and production type

The cow stock of smallholder farmers with less than 100 cows still accounted for nearly 50% of total cows in China. Since the milk scandal occurred in 2008, raw milk safety has become focus for the sound development of the Chinese dairy industry. Adoption of on-farm milk safety measures by smallholders is a key for ensuring milk safety, and these measures are largely voluntary in nature. The recent survey conducted in northern China reveals that an overall adoption rate of various milk safety measures by smallholders is close to 48% with wide variations across the dairy farmers. We employ the Poisson regression model to study the determinants of farmers' adoption of voluntary milk safety measures. Compared with backyard dairy farmers, dairy complex and scaled dairy farms adopted more milk safety measures. Moreover, the empirical result indicates that farmers' adoption of raw milk safety measures is positively affected by farm size. These findings suggest that the changing dairy production structure towards larger farms and away from backyard dairy farming prompts smallholder dairy farmers to adopt more raw milk safety measures. This lends some support to the role of recent policy initiatives towards larger farms and away from backyard dairy farming on increasing the farmers' milk safety practices and reducing on-farm incidence of milk safety.

Preliminary Estimation of Paleoproductivity via TOC and Habitat Types:Which Method Is More Reliable?—A Case Study on the Ordovician-Silurian Transitional Black Shales of the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China

New total organic carbon （TOC） data from the two Ordovician-Silurian transitional graptolite-bearing black shale intervals, the Wufeng （五峰） Formation and the Longmaxi （龙马溪） Formation in Central Guizhou （贵州） and West Hubei （湖北）, respectively, as well as previously reported TOC data from the same intervals in other places on the Yangtze platform of South China, have been used to produce an initial estimate of the primary paleoproductivity via a conventional inverse method （i.e., Rpp.inverse）. The values of the Rpp.inverse are estimated to be 32 （43-21） gC/（m^2·a）（Wufeng Formation） and 21 （27-16） gC/（m^2·a） （Longmaxi Formation）. Also, simultaneously, the habitat types （i.e., HT; cf., BA： benthic assemblage） and their temporal and spatial changes have been documented from the same succession, and an initial estimate of the primary paleoproductivity has been produced using a forward method （i.e., Rpp-forward） Beingbounded mainly by the peritidal to inner-shelf environment shelly-facies or mixed-facies successions with BA1 to BA3 faunas both at the top and the base, which indicates the habitat types from HT Ⅱ to HT Ⅲ2, the biohabitat type of the two graptolite-bearing black shale intervals can be limited to HT III to HT IV, corresponding to the inner shelf to the outer shelf, with depths from roughly 60 m to 200-300 m. Based on the current data from the South China Sea and the southern part of the East China Sea, values of Rpp-forward should be about 100 to 400 gC/（m^2·a）. The difference in the results via the two methods suggests that paleoproductivity estimates from the geological strata need to be made cautiously, with particular attention paid to the paleogeographic setting, oxic-anoxic conditions, as also the preservation factor of organic carbon.

Integrated Manufacturing Cell Formation Technology Orienting Multi-product Type and Variant Volume Production

What is pursued by multi-product type and variant volume（MPTVV） production is rapid response and quick switching,so that structure of transferring line in manufacturing system is no longer unalterable.Cell formation（CF） algorithm is the key technology of cellular manufacturing system（CMS）.Currently,CF methods are mainly extended on the idea of group technology（GT） that covers a lot on analysis of resource capability matching and its algorithm.Various constraints are considered,but seldom utilized comprehensively.Aimed to the problem of manufacturing cell（MC） formation under MPTVV production mode,integrated formation technologies for typical MC as group type of cell（GC）,flow type of cell（FC） and inherited cell（IC） are presented based on technical analysis of CF.Oriented to practical production constraints like delivery time,product batch,equipment ability,key machine,key part and machine sharing,etc,an integrated formation model is constructed and internal interrelations of these constraints are analyzed synthetically.Ulteriorly,formation goals of types of MCs and their formation procedures under joint effect of formation constraints and rules are spread.In case study,three highly balanced GC are formed first;then FC formation are implemented based on the same data which indicate good balancing effect of cell load and flow-style production for key tasks;When task is adjusted,a new scheme is constructed on the result of FC configuration by using IC formation method,and more optimal performance of flow-style production is manifested.The proposed comparative study of different type of cells strongly explains the validation of integrated MC formation in support of rapid manufacturing resource transformation under MPTVV production mode.

COMPACTLY SUPPORTED NON-TENSOR PRODUCT FORM TWO-DIMENSION WAVELET FINITE ELEMENT

Some theorems of compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension Daubechies wavelet were analysed carefully. Compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension wavelet was constructed, then non-tensor product form two dimension wavelet finite element was used to solve the deflection problem of elastic thin plate. The error order was researched. A numerical example was given at last.

A Novel Sr_2CuInO_3S p-type semiconductor photocatalyst for hydrogen production under visible light irradiation

A novel Sr2CulnO3S oxysulfide p-type semiconductor photocatalyst has been prepared by solid state reaction method and it exhibits intriguing visible light absorption properties with a bandgap of 2.3 eV. The p-type semiconductor character of the synthesized Sr2CuInO3 S was confirmed by Hall efficient measurement and Mott-Schottky plot analysis. First-principles density functional theory calculations （DFT） and electrochem ical measurements were performed to elucidate the electronic structure and the energy band locations. It was found that the as-synthesized Sr2CuInO3S photocatalyst has appreciate conduction and valence band positions for hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively. Photocat alytic hydrogen production experiments under a visible light irradiation （A〉420 nm） were carried out by loading different metal and metal-like cocatalysts on Sr2CuInO3S and Rh was found to be the best one among the tested ones.

Advanced glycation end products:Key mediator and therapeutic target of cardiovascular complications in diabetes

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is growing in epidemic proportions and has become one of the most critical public health concerns.Cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality.The cardiovascular diseases that accompany diabetes include angina,myocardial infarction,stroke,peripheral artery disease,and congestive heart failure.Among the various risk factors generated secondary to hyperglycemic situations,advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are one of the important targets for future diagnosis and prevention of diabetes.In the last decade,AGEs have drawn a lot of attention due to their involvement in diabetic pathophysiology.AGEs can be derived exogenously and endogenously through various pathways.These are a nonhomogeneous,chemically diverse group of compounds formed nonenzymatically by condensation between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amino groups of protein,lipids,and nucleic acid.AGEs mediate their pathological effects at the cellular and extracellular levels by multiple pathways.At the cellular level,they activate signaling cascades via the receptor for AGEs and initiate a complex series of intracellular signaling resulting in reactive oxygen species generation,inflammation,cellular proliferation,and fibrosis that may possibly exacerbate the damaging effects on cardiac functions in diabetics.AGEs also cause covalent modifications and cross-linking of serum and extracellular matrix proteins;altering their structure,stability,and functions.Early diagnosis of diabetes may prevent its progression to complications and decrease its associated comorbidities.In the present review,we recapitulate the role of AGEs as a crucial mediator of hyperglycemia-mediated detrimental effects in diabetes-associated complications.Furthermore,this review presents an overview of future perspectives for new therapeutic interventions to ameliorate cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

Shale oil enrichment evaluation and production law in Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on the results of drilling,tests and simulation experiments,the shales of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin are discussed with respect to hydrocarbon generation evolution,shale oil occurrence,and pore/fracture evolution mechanism.In conjunction with a substantial amount of oil testing and production data,the Gulong shale oil enrichment layers are evaluated and the production behaviors and decline law are analyzed.The results are drawn in four aspects.First,the Gulong shales are in the stage of extensive hydrocarbon expulsion when R_(0) is 1.0%-1.2%,with the peak hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of 49.5%approximately.In the low-medium maturity stage,shale oil migrates from kerogen to rocks and organic pores/fractures.In the medium-high maturity stage,shale oil transforms from adsorbed state to free state.Second,the clay mineral intergranular pores/fractures,dissolution pores,and organic pores make up the majority of the pore structure.During the transformation,clay minerals undergo significant intergranular pore/fracture development between the minerals such as illite and illite/smectite mixed layer.A network of pores/fractures is formed by organic matter cracking.Third,free hydrocarbon content,effective porosity,total porosity,and brittle mineral content are the core indicators for the evaluation of shale oil enrichment layers.Class-I layers are defined as free hydrocarbon content equal or greater than 6.0 mg/g,effective porosity equal or greater than 3.5%,total porosity equal or greater than 8.0%,and brittle mineral content equal or greater than 50%.It is believed that the favourable oil layers are Q2-Q3 and Q8-Q9.Fourth,the horizontal wells in the core area of the light oil zone exhibit a high cumulative production in the first year,and present a hyperbolic production decline pattern,with the decline index of 0.85-0.95,the first-year decline rate of 14.5%-26.5%,and the single-well estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)greater than 2.0×10^(4)t.In practical exploration and production,more efforts will be devoted to the clarification of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanisms,accurate testing of porosity and hydrocarbon content/phase of shale under formation conditions,precise delineation of the boundary of enrichment area,relationship between mechanical properties and stimulated reservoir volume,and enhanced oil recovery,in order to improve the EUR and achieve a large-scale,efficient development of shale oil.

The First Total Synthesis of Five Elegan Type Natural Products

The first total synthesis of five linear diterpenes: eleganolone (1), eleganolone acetate (2), elegandiol (3), eleganonal (4) and epoxyeleganolone (5), was achieved from (E,E)-farnesol (6) via 4 to 6 steps. The key step was the alkylation reaction of silyl cyanide with allylic iodide.

Research on the Types of Cigarette Products Preferred by Consumers

Cigarette design and improvement according to consumer needs is an important basis for market-oriented management.The preferences of cigarette consumption such as cigarette product types,packaging styles,packaging colors and packaging materials were investigated and the real needs of cigarette consumers were figured out,in order to provide specific work guidance for the development of new cigarette products.

TOEPLITZ-HANKEL TYPE OPERATORS ON PRODUCT SPACES

Via a series of orihogonal two-dimensional wavelets, an orthogonal decomposition of the space of square integral functions on Ux U (U is the upper half-plane) with the meaaure y_1^(_1) y_2~(_2 dx_1 dx_2 dy_1 dy_2 is given. Four kinds of Toeplitz-Hankel type operators between the decomposition components are defined and boundedness. S_p properties of them are established.

Implications of receptor for advanced glycation end products for progression from obesity to diabetes and from diabetes to cancer

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are chronic pathologies with a high incidence worldwide.They share some pathological mechanisms,including hyperinsulinemia,the production and release of hormones,and hyperglycemia.The above,over time,affects other systems of the human body by causing tissue hypoxia,low-grade inflammation,and oxidative stress,which lay the pathophysiological groundwork for cancer.The leading causes of death globally are T2DM and cancer.Other main alterations of this pathological triad include the accumulation of advanced glycation end products and the release of endogenous alarmins due to cell death(i.e.,damage-associated molecular patterns)such as the intracellular proteins high-mobility group box protein 1 and protein S100 that bind to the receptor for advanced glycation products(RAGE)-a multiligand receptor involved in inflammatory and metabolic and neoplastic processes.This review analyzes the latest advanced reports on the role of RAGE in the development of obesity,T2DM,and cancer,with an aim to understand the intracellular signaling mechanisms linked with cancer initiation.This review also explores inflammation,oxidative stress,hypoxia,cellular senescence,RAGE ligands,tumor microenvironment changes,and the“cancer hallmarks”of the leading tumors associated with T2DM.The assimilation of this information could aid in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to lower the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases.

Shima Seiki Introduces New Type of WholeGarment~ Product Tag

In order to promote consumer awareness toward WholeGarment knitwear and its benefits,as well as to distinguish WholeGarment from other knitted products,Shima Seiki has been

New Type Color Fiber Application&Trend of Color Spun Product Seminar Open in May

Cope with the global financial crisis,domestic Chinese textile enterprises is facing with more challenges and