Failure mechanisms and destruction characteristics of cemented coal gangue backfill under compression effect of non-uniform load

Backfill mining is one of the most important technical means for controlling strata movement and reducing surface subsidence and environmental damage during exploitation of underground coal resources. Ensuring the stability of the backfill bodies is the primary prerequisite for maintaining the safety of the backfilling working face, and the loading characteristics of backfill are closely related to the deformation and subsidence of the roof. Elastic thin plate model was used to explore the non-uniform subsidence law of the roof, and then the non-uniform distribution characteristics of backfill bodies’ load were revealed. Through a self-developed non-uniform loading device combined with acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) monitoring technology, the synergistic dynamic evolution law of the bearing capacity, apparent crack, and internal fracture of cemented coal gangue backfills (CCGBs) under loads with different degrees of non-uniformity was deeply explored. The results showed that: 1) The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of CCGB increased and then decreased with an increase in the degree of non-uniformity of load (DNL). About 40% of DNL was the inflection point of DNL-UCS curve and when DNL exceeded 40%, the strength decreased in a cliff-like manner;2) A positive correlation was observed between the AE ringing count and UCS during the loading process of the specimen, which was manifested by a higher AE ringing count of the high-strength specimen. 3) Shear cracks gradually increased and failure mode of specimens gradually changed from “X” type dominated by tension cracks to inverted “Y” type dominated by shear cracks with an increase in DNL, and the crack opening displacement at the peak stress decreased and then increased. The crack opening displacement at 40% of the DNL was the smallest. This was consistent with the judgment of crack size based on the AE b-value, i. e., it showed the typical characteristics of “small b-value-large crack and large b-value-small crack”. The research results are of significance for preventing the instability and failure of backfill.

Study of the pressure transient behavior of directional wells considering the effect of non-uniform flux distribution

During the production,the fluid in the vicinity of the directional well enters the wellbore with different rates,leading to non-uniform flux distribution along the directional well.However,in all existing studies,it is oversimplified to a uniform flux distribution,which can result in inaccurate results for field applications.Therefore,this paper proposes a semi-analytical model of a directional well based on the assumption of non-uniform flux distribution.Specifically,the direction well is discretized into a carefully chosen series of linear sources,such that the complex well trajectory can be captured and the nonuniform flux distribution along the wellbore can be considered to model the three-dimensional flow behavior.By using the finite difference method,we can obtain the numerical solutions of the transient flow within the wellbore.With the aid of Green's function method,we can obtain the analytical solutions of the transient flow from the matrix to the wellbore.The complete flow behavior of a directional well is perfectly represented by coupling the above two types of transient flow.Subsequently,on the basis of the proposed model,we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the pressure transient behavior of a directional well.The computation results show that the flux variation along the direction well has a significant effect on pressure responses.In addition,the directional well in an infinite reservoir may exhibit the following flow regimes:wellbore afterflow,transition flow,inclined radial flow,elliptical flow,horizontal linear flow,and horizontal radial flow.The horizontal linear flow can be observed only if the formation thickness is much smaller than the well length.Furthermore,a dip region that appears on the pressure derivative curve indicates the three-dimensional flow behavior near the wellbore.

Effect of non-uniform swelling on coal multiphysics during gas injection: The triangle approach

In current dual porosity/permeability models,there exists a fundamental assumption that the adsorption-induced swelling is distributed uniformly within the representative elementary volume (REV),irrespective of its internal structures and transient processes.However,both internal structures and transient processes can lead to the non-uniform swelling.In this study,we hypothesize that the non-uniform swelling is responsible for why coal permeability in experimental measurements is not only controlled by the effective stress but also is affected by the adsorption-induced swelling.We propose a concept of the swelling triangle composed of swelling paths to characterize the evolution of the non-uniform swelling and serve as a core link in coupled multiphysics.A swelling path is determined by a dimensionless volumetric ratio and a dimensionless swelling ratio.Different swelling paths have the same start and end point,and each swelling path represents a unique swelling case.The swelling path as the diagonal of the triangle represents the case of the uniform swelling while that as the two perpendicular boundaries represents the case of the localized swelling.The paths of all intermediate cases populate inside the triangle.The corresponding relations between the swelling path and the response of coal multiphysics are established by a non-uniform swelling coefficient.We define this method as the triangle approach and corresponding models as swelling path-based ones.The proposed concept and models are verified against a long-term experimental measurement of permeability and strains under constant effective stress.Our results demonstrate that during gas injection,coal multiphysics responses have a close dependence on the swelling path,and that in both future experiments and field predictions,this dependence must be considered.

Pressure transient characteristics of non-uniform conductivity fractured wells in viscoelasticity polymer flooding based on oil-water two-phase flow

Polymer flooding in fractured wells has been extensively applied in oilfields to enhance oil recovery.In contrast to water,polymer solution exhibits non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior such as effects of shear thinning and shear thickening,polymer convection,diffusion,adsorption retention,inaccessible pore volume and reduced effective permeability.Meanwhile,the flux density and fracture conductivity along the hydraulic fracture are generally non-uniform due to the effects of pressure distribution,formation damage,and proppant breakage.In this paper,we present an oil-water two-phase flow model that captures these complex non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior,and non-uniform fracture characteristics in fractured polymer flooding.The hydraulic fracture is firstly divided into two parts:high-conductivity fracture near the wellbore and low-conductivity fracture in the far-wellbore section.A hybrid grid system,including perpendicular bisection(PEBI)and Cartesian grid,is applied to discrete the partial differential flow equations,and the local grid refinement method is applied in the near-wellbore region to accurately calculate the pressure distribution and shear rate of polymer solution.The combination of polymer behavior characterizations and numerical flow simulations are applied,resulting in the calculation for the distribution of water saturation,polymer concentration and reservoir pressure.Compared with the polymer flooding well with uniform fracture conductivity,this non-uniform fracture conductivity model exhibits the larger pressure difference,and the shorter bilinear flow period due to the decrease of fracture flow ability in the far-wellbore section.The field case of the fall-off test demonstrates that the proposed method characterizes fracture characteristics more accurately,and yields fracture half-lengths that better match engineering reality,enabling a quantitative segmented characterization of the near-wellbore section with high fracture conductivity and the far-wellbore section with low fracture conductivity.The novelty of this paper is the analysis of pressure performances caused by the fracture dynamics and polymer rheology,as well as an analysis method that derives formation and fracture parameters based on the pressure and its derivative curves.

An improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform method for radio imaging of coronal mass ejections

Radioheliographs can obtain solar images at high temporal and spatial resolution,with a high dynamic range.These are among the most important instruments for studying solar radio bursts,understanding solar eruption events,and conducting space weather forecasting.This study aims to explore the effective use of radioheliographs for solar observations,specifically for imaging coronal mass ejections(CME),to track their evolution and provide space weather warnings.We have developed an imaging simulation program based on the principle of aperture synthesis imaging,covering the entire data processing flow from antenna configuration to dirty map generation.For grid processing,we propose an improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT)method to provide superior image quality.Using simulated imaging of radio coronal mass ejections,we provide practical recommendations for the performance of radioheliographs.This study provides important support for the validation and calibration of radioheliograph data processing,and is expected to profoundly enhance our understanding of solar activities.

Optimal design of the fillet weld fastening the wind turbine column

This paper deals with the optimal design of the fillet weld of wind turbine column subjected to bending moment.Under the premise of determined the force acting on the column,in order to further optimize the fillet weld,the minimum volume of corner seam was determined in the case of non-linear design constraints.The constraints relate to the maximal stresses and fatigue of welding seam.A numerical solution to this problem is given by genetic optimization algorithm.The optimisation calculation result indicated that the active condition(constraint)was the stress from the static load.Useful and meaningful information is provided for the engineering field.

Resistance Factor of Caisson-Tip with Internal Fillet for Suction Caissons Penetrating into Clay

This paper presents failure mechanisms of the soil at the caisson-tip with fillet during suction-assisted penetration of suction caissons in undrained clay.Theoretical solutions of resistance factor N_c of the caisson-tip are obtained in terms of the caisson-tip geometry ratio of the flat section of the caisson-tip to the caisson wall thickness m/t and adhesion factorsα_i along inside of caisson wall andα_b at the base of the caisson-tip.It is indicated that the factor N_c increases with the increase of m/t,α_i and a_b.The resistance factors N_c for the rough base(α_b=1)are larger by 0.57than that for the smooth base(α_b=0).Besides,the factors N_c of caisson-tip with flat base(m=t)are larger by 1.14 than that with full internal fillet(m=0).The required suction to penetrate suction caissons with various fillets is obtained in terms of the force equilibrium in vertical direction.The finite element limit analysis and centrifuge model test results are used to verify the rationality of the presented failure mechanisms and theoretical predictions.

Robust and Reusable Fuzzy Extractors from Non-Uniform Learning with Errors Problem

Afuzzy extractor can extract an almost uniformrandom string from a noisy source with enough entropy such as biometric data.To reproduce an identical key from repeated readings of biometric data,the fuzzy extractor generates a helper data and a random string from biometric data and uses the helper data to reproduce the random string from the second reading.In 2013,Fuller et al.proposed a computational fuzzy extractor based on the learning with errors problem.Their construction,however,can tolerate a sub-linear fraction of errors and has an inefficient decoding algorithm,which causes the reproducing time to increase significantly.In 2016,Canetti et al.proposed a fuzzy extractor with inputs from low-entropy distributions based on a strong primitive,which is called digital locker.However,their construction necessitates an excessive amount of storage space for the helper data,which is stored in authentication server.Based on these observations,we propose a new efficient computational fuzzy extractorwith small size of helper data.Our scheme supports reusability and robustness,which are security notions that must be satisfied in order to use a fuzzy extractor as a secure authentication method in real life.Also,it conceals no information about the biometric data and thanks to the new decoding algorithm can tolerate linear errors.Based on the non-uniform learning with errors problem,we present a formal security proof for the proposed fuzzy extractor.Furthermore,we analyze the performance of our fuzzy extractor scheme and provide parameter sets that meet the security requirements.As a result of our implementation and analysis,we show that our scheme outperforms previous fuzzy extractor schemes in terms of the efficiency of the generation and reproduction algorithms,as well as the size of helper data.

Radial Basis Approximations Based BEMD for Enhancement of Non-Uniform Illumination Images

An image can be degraded due to many environmental factors like foggy or hazy weather,low light conditions,extra light conditions etc.Image captured under the poor light conditions is generally known as non-uniform illumination image.Non-uniform illumination hides some important information present in an image during the image capture Also,it degrades the visual quality of image which generates the need for enhancement of such images.Various techniques have been present in literature for the enhancement of such type of images.In this paper,a novel architecture has been proposed for enhancement of poor illumination images which uses radial basis approximations based BEMD(Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition).The enhancement algorithm is applied on intensity and saturation components of image.Firstly,intensity component has been decomposed into various bi-dimensional intrinsic mode function and residue by using sifting algorithm.Secondly,some linear transformations techniques have been applied on various bidimensional intrinsic modes obtained and residue and further on joining the transformed modes with residue,enhanced intensity component is obtained.Saturation part of an image is then enhanced in accordance to the enhanced intensity component.Final enhanced image can be obtained by joining the hue,enhanced intensity and enhanced saturation parts of the given image.The proposed algorithm will not only give the visual pleasant image but maintains the naturalness of image also.

Image Non-Uniformity Correction in 3T Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison among Different Software Versions

Background: Non-uniformity in signal intensity occurs commonly in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, which may pose substantial problems when using a 3T scanner. Therefore, image non-uniformity correction is usually applied. Purpose: To compare the correction effects of the phased-array uniformity enhancement (PURE), a calibration-based image non-uniformity correction method, among three different software versions in 3T Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Material and Methods: Hepatobiliary-phase images of a total of 120 patients who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging on the same 3T scanner were analyzed retrospectively. Forty patients each were examined using three software versions (DV25, DV25.1, and DV26). The effects of PURE were compared by visual assessment, histogram analysis of liver signal intensity, evaluation of the spatial distribution of correction effects, and evaluation of quantitative indices of liver parenchymal enhancement. Results: The visual assessment indicated the highest uniformity of PURE-corrected images for DV26, followed by DV25 and DV25.1. Histogram analysis of corrected images demonstrated significantly larger variations in liver signal for DV25.1 than for the other two versions. Although PURE caused a relative increase in pixel values for central and lateral regions, such effects were weaker for DV25.1 than for the other two versions. In the evaluation of quantitative indices of liver parenchymal enhancement, the liver-to-muscle ratio (LMR) was significantly higher for the corrected images than for the uncorrected images, but the liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR) showed no significant differences. For corrected images, the LMR was significantly higher for DV25 and DV26 than for DV25.1, but the LSR showed no significant differences among the three versions. Conclusion: There were differences in the effects of PURE among the three software versions in 3T Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Even if the non-uniformity correction method has the same brand name, correction effects may differ depending on the software version, and these differences may affect visual and quantitative evaluations.

压力容器小径支管角焊缝相控阵检测埋藏缺陷回波特性研究

采用CIVA仿真软件对实际规格的压力容器小径接管角焊缝模型进行了仿真分析,研究了球孔、横通孔、未熔合、未焊透和裂纹等典型缺陷的回波响应规律及特征,结果表明,相对于端角结构信号,不同缺陷的回波强度不同,面积型缺陷与声束角度90°时回波强度最大,同一类型缺陷位于不同位置时的回波强度差距明显,最大达到了13 dB。设计加工了典型缺陷的模拟试件,对5种典型缺陷的检测结果开展了试验分析,结果表明,试件中的缺陷均可被有效检测。总结了不同缺陷的回波特性变化规律,可为现场检测中的缺陷定性提供参考和依据。

支撑辊边部圆角参数有限元数值模拟

冷轧厂镀锌生产线在生产1600 mm宽规格新镀层产品过程中,带钢边部出现通卷条状色差缺陷,分析认为缺陷原因是四辊光整机支撑辊辊面有效宽度不足所致。利用有限元软件对光整机支撑辊边部圆角参数进行数值模拟,将边部圆角长度由75 mm降至45 mm后,支撑辊辊面有效宽度达到1600 mm,可解决带钢边部通卷条状色差缺陷问题,同时可避免支撑辊辊面过度磨损。

基于GNSGA-Ⅱ算法的线圈优化设计

在电动汽车无线充电技术中,充电线圈的性能直接影响系统的整体传输性能。在分析常用线圈形状的基础上,引入拉梅曲线方程,设计了一种新型超圆角方形线圈;对耦合电路进行理论分析,得到优化目标传输效率和功率密度与待优化参数之间的关系;利用改进的多目标优化算法(GNSGA-Ⅱ)进行线圈的参数优化,得到一组最优的参数解用于工程设计。该方法相比于传统有限元仿真计算法,具有节省时间的优点,优化设计结果表明该方法具有有效性。

低温等离子体耦合微酸性电解水对三文鱼的保鲜作用

采用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面试验优化低温等离子耦合微酸性电解水对三文鱼杀菌的工艺条件,通过菌落总数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸反应产物(TBARS)值、羰基含量和色差等指标比较等离子体活化水、微酸性电解水及低温等离子体耦合微酸性电解水对三文鱼4℃贮藏的保鲜效果。结果显示,当低温等离子体活化时间5 min,功率320 W,浸泡时间20 min,有效氯质量浓度50 mg/mL,料液比1∶6时杀菌效果最优,均可延长三文鱼贮藏期,而低温等离子体耦合微酸性电解水更有利于缓解脂肪和蛋白氧化。本研究为水产品保鲜提供了新思路。

5种氧化型减菌剂对罗非鱼片品质及蛋白质的影响

本研究以罗非鱼片为原料,考察5种常见氧化型减菌剂(H_(2)O_(2)溶液、ClO_(2)溶液、NaClO溶液、臭氧水和微酸性电解水)的减菌效果及其对鱼片质构特性、色泽及肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)氧化情况的影响。结果表明,减菌率达80%时各氧化型减菌剂的质量浓度和作用时间分别为:1500 mg/L H_(2)O_(2)溶液浸泡8 min;200 mg/L ClO_(2)溶液浸泡10 min;200 mg/L NaClO溶液浸泡10 min;9 mg/L臭氧水浸泡10 min;30 mg/L微酸性电解水浸泡20 min。在上述5种减菌条件下对鱼肉色泽、质构特性、MP氧化情况与对照组进行比较,发现减菌处理后的罗非鱼片硬度、L*值增大,a*值减小,MP质量浓度、总巯基含量下降,羰基含量升高,表面疏水性基团数量增加,其中微酸性电解水和NaClO溶液处理组蛋白质的变性程度最明显;蛋白荧光强度降低,其中微酸性电解水处理组降低幅度最大;MP的α-螺旋和β-转角相对含量降低,β-折叠和无规卷曲相对含量增加,其中微酸性电解水处理组蛋白质二级结构变化最显著(P<0.05);MP发生不同程度的降解,微酸性电解水处理组降解程度高于其他处理组。综上所述,氧化型减菌处理后鱼肉MP发生不同程度的氧化,其中微酸性电解水处理对蛋白质的氧化作用最强。

挂浆对罗非鱼片预制菜品质提升及蛋白质稳定性的影响

以罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)鱼片为原料的酸菜鱼产品是水产类预制菜的主要品种之一。为提升鱼片在复热时的质构稳定性,探讨了挂浆对鱼片品质和鱼肉蛋白稳定性的影响。通过添加淀粉、蛋清粉、花生油降低鱼片在复热过程中的蒸煮损失率,提升鱼片的质构特性,优化3类物质的添加量和工艺,以解决鱼片类预制菜在复热过程中易破碎的问题。结果表明,添加淀粉、蛋清粉和花生油均能抑制罗非鱼片的水分流失,降低蒸煮损失,提升质构特性,同时对汤汁浑浊度的影响较小。提高罗非鱼片煮制品质稳定性的最佳挂浆工艺为:淀粉添加量4.4%、蛋清粉添加量3.6%、花生油添加量1.4%、腌制时间13 min。鱼片在此条件下的综合得分(16.16±0.53)接近于预测值(16.70),说明工艺稳定可靠。与未挂浆鱼片相比,优化条件下鱼片煮制的质构硬度提高了74.2%,汤汁浑浊度降低了42.7%,蛋白质的α-螺旋和β-转角结构相对含量更多,结构更稳定,肌纤维间连接的紧密性更好,食用品质显著提升。

臭氧水处理对生鲜草鱼片理化特性及初始菌相的影响

为探究臭氧水处理对不同来源生鲜草鱼片初始菌相的影响,以不同采样时间生鲜草鱼片为原料,测定菌落总数、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、pH值、色度值、感官评分,研究臭氧水不同参数处理对生鲜草鱼片理化特性影响,以优化其处理条件。采用优化的条件处理生鲜草鱼片,以传统分离培养结合16S rRNA鉴定及高通量测序探究臭氧水处理前、后生鲜草鱼片的菌相变化。结果显示,随着臭氧水质量浓度的升高和处理时间的延长,生鲜草鱼片的残菌数减少,减菌率显著提高,处理后其菌相变化显著(P<0.05)。臭氧水质量浓度和处理时间虽对生鲜草鱼片TBA、pH值无明显影响,但对色度有显著影响(P<0.05)。就感官得分而言,虽然臭氧水质量浓度对其无影响,但是处理时间对其影响显著,且随处理时间的延长,感官品质显著下降。用15 mg/L臭氧水处理生鲜草鱼片5 min后,3个采样时间生鲜草鱼片的细菌种类分别减少52.17%,50.00%,60.00%,细菌多样性显著下降(P<0.05),革兰氏阳性(G+)菌相对丰度上升。主坐标轴的分析表明,处理后不同采样时间草鱼片的菌相相似。结论:15 mg/L臭氧水处理生鲜草鱼片5 min,减菌率达80.66%。处理后生鲜草鱼片菌相变得简单,不同采样时间的生鲜草鱼片菌相相似程度虽然提高,但是不影响其理化品质。

Influences of fillet radius and draft angle on local loading process of titanium alloy T-shaped components

In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. The results obtained by the mathematical model agree with the data form experiment and numerical simulation, and the results are closer to the experimental and simulation results. The influence of draft angle may be neglected under the forming conditions used. The influence of fillet radius is notable, especially in the case that the ratio of fillet radius to rib width is less than 0.75.

鲟鱼重组鱼排3D打印特性的研究

该研究以鲟鱼肉为原料,复配鸭肉和山药并借助3D打印技术制备重组鱼排。通过分析复配物料的流变特性及3D打印效果,考察熟化后鱼排的质构特性、色泽、水分特性、微观结构,结合感官评定结果,探究山药和鸭肉复配比对重组鱼排品质的影响。研究结果表明,当山药和鸭肉总添加量为26.25%时,随山药占比增加,复配物料表观黏度降低,流动性增大。核磁共振结果显示,山药的添加会提高水分迁移率,使得重组鱼排微观网络结构逐渐粗糙不均匀。当山药与鸭肉复配比例为3∶7~4∶6时,重组鱼排的剪切力为456.86~504.19 g,硬度为300.72~391.79 g,此时3D打印鱼排结构紧密,具有良好稳定性且感官接受度高。综上,当山药与鸭肉复配比例在3∶7~4∶6时,对重组鱼排进行加工,鱼排质构特性较为适宜,成型性良好,具有优良的品质。

潜艇围壳填角几何外形的水动力特性研究

围壳填角几何外形对潜艇水动力特性有重要影响。基于SUBOFF全附体潜艇模型,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对含有3种不同类型围壳填角的SUBOFF潜艇绕流场进行数值计算,研究围壳填角几何外形对围壳附近马蹄涡的产生、强度以及潜艇尾部伴流场的影响。结果表明,平滑过度的围壳填角有效抑制了马蹄涡的产生,降低了潜艇尾部伴流流向速度分量的不均匀度;含凸型围壳填角的潜艇模型达到的效果最优,其在尾部伴流场处流向速度分量不均匀度的最高下降幅度为24.5%。