Solubility of CO_(2) in nonaqueous system of 2-(butylamino)ethanol with 2-butoxyethanol:Experimental data and model representation

Nonaqueous amine-based system is an attractive solution to overcome high-energy-intensive CO_(2) capture process using the conventional aqueous amines.Advanced nonaqueous absorbent of 2-(butylamino)ethanol(BAE)with 2-butoxyethanol(2-BE)has been recently proposed for low-energyconsumption CO_(2) capture.In this work,Henry’s law constants of CO_(2) in the BAE/2-BE blend were obtained by N_(2)O/CO_(2) analogy,and correlated in the temperature range of(283–333)K.Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE)data for the BAE+CO_(2)+2-BE system at 65.4%(mass)BAE were also determined in a stirred equilibrium cell at temperatures of(313–393)K and CO_(2) partial pressures up to 275 kPa.A single apparent equilibrium constant KCO_(2);app was proposed for this system and correlated as a function of temperature,carbonated degree of amine and CO_(2) loading.Solubility data were well represented by the modified Kent-Eisenberg model with an average absolute relative deviation(AARD)of 13%.

Synthesis and Characterization of CoAPO-11 Molecular Sieve from a Non-aqueous System

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Studies on the Formation Mechanism of Silica-Sodalite in the System of Sodium Hydroxide-Silica-Ethylene Glycol

In 1985,Bibby and Dale first reported the synthesis of silica-sodalite from organic solvent such as ethylene glycol or propanol.In 1987, Van Erp and his coworkers reported the formation of crystalline aluminosilicates in organic solvents such as hexanol,glycol, glycerol, sulfolane and pyridine. Because the concepts effective in the aqueous synthesis cannot be simply applied to the nonaqueous media,the formation mechanism of zeolite in the nonaqueous system has not been investigated yet.

Synthesis of Large Crystal of NH4ZnPO4 from HOCH2CH2OH System

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Engineering optimization approach of nonaqueous electrolyte for sodium ion battery with long cycle life and safety

Electrolyte design strategies are closely related to the capacities, cycle life and safety of sodium–ion batteries. In this study, we aimed to optimize electrolyte with the focus on engineering aspects. The basic physicochemical properties including ionic conductivity, viscosity,wettability and thermochemical stability of the electrolytes using Na PF6 as the solute and the mixed solvent with different components of EMC,DMC or DEC in PC or EC were systematically measured. Ah pouch cell with NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)/hard carbon electrodes was used to evaluate the performance of the prepared electrolytes. By using the Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer(ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) and Accelerating Rate Calorimeter(ARC), we show that an optimized electrolyte can effectively promote the formation of a protective interfacial layer on two electrodes, which not only retards parasitic reactions between the electrodes and electrolyte but also suppresses dissolution of metal ions from the cathode. With an optimized electrolyte, a NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)/hard carbon cell can attain 56.16% capacity retention under the low temperature of -40℃, and can be able to retain 80%capacity retention after more than 2500 cycles while presenting excellent thermal safety.

Replacement of annular domain with trapezoidal domain in computational modeling of nonaqueous-phase-liquid dissolution-front propagation problems

In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.However, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.

The application of carbon materials in nonaqueous Na‐O2 batteries

Na‐O2 batteries are advantageous as the candidates of next‐generation electric vehicles due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density and have attracted enormous attention recently.Tremendous efforts have been devoted to improve the Na‐O2 battery performance by designing advanced electrodes with various carbonbased materials.Carbon materials used in Na‐O2 batteries not only function as the air electrode to provide active sites and accommodate discharge products but also as Na anode protectors against dendrite growth and chemical/electrochemical corrosion.In this review,we mainly focus on the application of various carbonbased materials in Na‐O2 batteries and highlight their advances.The scientific understanding on the fundamental design of the material microstructure and chemistry in relation to the battery performance are summarized.Finally,perspectives on enhancing the overall battery performance based on the optimization and rational design of carbon‐based cell components are also briefly anticipated.

NONAQUEOUS SERS:IMIDAZOLE IN METHANOL SOLUTION AT A SILVER ELECTRODE

This paper emphasizes the observation of SERS spectra of imidazole /LiCl in methanol solution at a silver electrode and a qualitative explaina- tion of the relationship between HERS spectra and molecular vibrational modes, and the relationship between SERS spectrum in aqueous and that in nonaqueous system.

Simultaneous determination of berberine,matrine and oxymatrine in traditional Chinese medicines by using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of berberine(BBR),matrine(MT)and oxymatrine(OMT)by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis(NACE)was developed.Optimum separation of the analytes was obtained on a 50cm×50μm i.d.fused-silica capillary using a non-aqueous buffer system of 70mM ammonium acetate,7.0% acetic acid and 10% acetonitrile at 25kV and 20℃.The relative standard deviations(R.S.D.)of the migration times and peak areas of the three active components were 0.06%-0.20% and 0.12%-3.41% for berberine,0.11%-0.60% and 0.74%-1.63% for matrine,0.15% and 0.45% for oxymatrine,respectively.Detection limits of berberine,matrine and oxymtrine were 0.18μg/mL,4.08μg/mL and 4.16μg/mL,respectively.In the tested concentration range,good linear relationships(0.9992 for berberine,0.9988 for matrine and 0.9988 for oxymatrine)were observed.The linear calibration ranges were 0.45-360.0μg/mL for berberine,8.16-408.0μg/mL for matrine and 20.8-416.0μg/mL for oxymatrine.This method has been successfully applied to the phytochemical analysis of alkaloids extracts from two commonly used traditional Chinese herbal drugs:Sophora flavescens Ait.(Kushen)and Cortex phellodendri chinensis(Huangbai)and their medicinal preparations.

Chiral Separation of Ibuprofen and Terbutaline by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Conductance Detection

In the nonaqueous N,N -dimethylformamide medium, the chiral drugs ibuprofen and terbutaline were successfully separated with sulfonyl- β -cyclodextrin(s- β -CD) as the chiral selector by capillary electrophoresis with conductance detection. The comparison of the effects of three CDS( β -CD, diethylic- β -CD, sulfonyl- β -CD) on the chiral separation was made and the resolution mechanism was proposed.

The Applicaton of IAF Theory to the Study of Dissociation Equilibrium (Ⅱ) --The Calculation of Solubility Product Constant in Nonaqueous Solvents

This article reports a theoretical calculation of solubility product constant of several slightly soluble silver salts in a number of nonaqueous solvents according to the IAF (interaction force) theory based on the interaction free energy of electrostatic, orientation, induction and dispersion. The calculated values of pKsp are in good accordance with those from literature.

Chiral Separation of N-Benzoyl Phenylalanine Methyl Ester by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis

A successful chiral separation of N-benzoyl phenylalanine methyl ester has been achieved by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) using P-CD as chiral selector in formamide (FA). Some experimental parameters influencing the chiral separation such as concentration of P-CD, ionic strength and apparent pH (pH*) are discussed.

An Equation of State for Nonaqueous Electrolyte Solutions

A two parameters equation of state (EOS) for nonaqueous electrolyte solutions system has been developed. The equation is in terms of Helmholtz free energy and incorporated with results of low density expansion of non-primitive mean spherical approximation. The EOS was tested for experimental data reported in literatures of 9 nonaqueous single electrolyte solutions of which the temperature was 298.15 K, and it also has a good predictive capability for nonaqueous electrolyte solutions at different temperature in this work. The comparisons with EOSs published earlier by other researchers in literatures are carried out in detail.

Determination of Magnolol and Honokiol by Non-aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis

Two active principles in traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis, magnolol and honokiol, were successfully separated by means of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. The effect of the composition of a nonaqueous buffer on column efficiency and resolution, and the effect of acid additives on peak shapes were researched. The separation was conducted with a running buffer in a mixture of methanol/aeetonitrile/formamide （ volume ratio ： 1 ： 2 ： 2 ）, in which the concentrations of Tris, acetic acid, and water were 60 retool/L, 0. 04 mmol/L and 5% （ volume fration）, respectively, and the pH^＊ （apperent pH） of the running buffer was 8.96. Magnolol and honokiol were separated on baseline within 20 min. The relative standard deviation of the analytes＇ concentrations in the sample is 1.32% for magnolol and 1.60% for honokiol, and the recoveries of the spiked sample are 98.4% for magnolol and 98. 0% for honokiol, respectively.

Hydroformylation of Oleyl Alcohol Catalyzed by Rh-OPGPP Complex

Polyether-tailored phosphite modified rhodium complex formed in situ was highly active in the hydroformylation of oleyl alcohol in nonaqueous phosphite/heptane system where the phosphite acted both as the ligand and the second phase. This catalyst was easily separated by simple decantation and can be used for five times with only a slight decrease in activity.

Three-dimensional evaluation of inclusion particles in steel

The estimation of inclusion particles has a relation close to the control of steel grain growth as well as the production of clean steel.In present study,the electrolytic extraction methods using nonaqueous electrolyte have been examined for the extraction of various inclusion particles,in order to evaluate their three-dimensional morphologies and compositional segregations.The cross section of fine inclusion particle,which was prepared by focused ion beam method,was qualitatively analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy.From the results obtained by this method,the formation mechanism of complex inclusion particle could be explained clearly.

Modification strategies for non-aqueous, highly proton-conductive benzimidazole-based high-temperature proton exchange membranes

High-temperature proton exchange membranes(HT-PEMs) possess excellent thermal and outstanding electrochemical stability, providing an avenue to realize high-temperature proton exchange membranes fuel cells(HT-PEMFCs) with both superior power density and long-term durability. Unfortunately, polybenzimidazole(PBI), a typical material for conventional HT-PEMs, fails to compromise the high nonaqueous proton conductivity and high mechanical properties, thus hindering their practical applications.Achieving efficient nonaqueous proton conduction is crucial for HT-PEMFC, and many insightful research works have been done in this area. However, there still lacks a report that integrates the host-guest interactions of phosphoric acid doping and the structural stability of polymers to systematically illustrate modification strategies. Here, we summarize recent advancements in enhancing the nonaqueous proton conduction of HT-PEMs. Various polymer structure modification strategies, including main chain and side group modification, cross-linking, blocking, and branching, are reviewed. Composite approaches of polymer, including compounding with organic porous polymers, filling the inorganic components and modifying with ionic liquids, etc., are also covered in this work. These strategies endow the HT-PEMs with more free volume, nanophase-separated structure, and multi-stage proton transfer channels, which can facilitate the proton transportation and improve their performance. Finally, current challenges and future directions for further enhancements are also outlined.

Concentrated electrolytes for rechargeable lithium metal batteries

Traditional lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes have gradually been limited by the glass ceiling of energy density.As a result,lithium metal batteries(LMBs),regarded as the ideal alternative,have attracted considerable attention.However,lithium is highly reactive and susceptible to most electrolytes,resulting in poor cycle performance.In addition,lithium grows Li dendrites during charging,adversely affecting the safety of LMBs.Therefore,LMBs are more sensitive to the chemical composition of electrolytes and their relative ratios(concentrations).Recently,concentrated electrolytes have been widely demonstrated to be friendly to lithium metal anodes(LMAs).This review focuses on the progress of concentrated electrolytes in LMBs,including the solvation structure varying with concentration,unique functions in stabilizing the LMA,and their interfacial chemistry with LMA.

Research progress of tunnel-type sodium manganese oxide cathodes for SIBs

Among the large energy storage batteries,the sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are attracted huge interest due to the fact of its abundant raw materials and low cost,and has become the most promising secondary battery.Tunnel-type sodium manganese oxides(TMOs)are industrialized cathode materials because of their simple synthesis method and proficient electrochemical performance.Na_(0.44)MnO_(2)(NMO)is considered the best candidate material for all tunnel-type structural materials.In this paper,the research progress in charge and discharge of cathode materials for tunnel-type structural SIBs is reviewed,the redox mechanism and all sorts of synthesis methods and different coating methods lead to different morphology and electrochemical properties of materials and the classification of electrolytes and nonaqueous electrolytes.The development and utility of aqueous solutions are discussed,and the mechanism is analyzed.Summarized the cationic potential of the transition metal oxide for tunnel structure,plays a vital role in predicting and designing the cathode material of this structure.In addition,the future opportunities and challenges for such tunnel-type SIBs in this field are described in detail.