The study assessed the nutrients,anti-nutrients and phytochemical properties of noni concentrate,pulp,and seed.Noni plant is a small evergreen tree,used for both medicinal purposes and for food.Six kilograms(6 kg)of m...The study assessed the nutrients,anti-nutrients and phytochemical properties of noni concentrate,pulp,and seed.Noni plant is a small evergreen tree,used for both medicinal purposes and for food.Six kilograms(6 kg)of matured,ripe noni fruit(Morinda citrifolia),was harvested by hand picking,from Green Health Farm,Imo State,Nigeria.It was divided into three equal parts,for the purposes of sample preparation and analysis.Noni pulp:One portion of the noni fruit sample was cleaned,washed and drained to remove debris and thereafter,was spread on a clean tray and allowed to air dry,at room temperature.This practice encouraged further ripening and softening of the fruit.The seeds were then removed and the fruit crushed,to extract the pulp.The pulp was packaged in an air tight container and kept in the fridge for further analysis.Noni concentrate:The second portion of the noni fruit samples was cleaned,washed and allowed to air dry on a raised table,under room temperature.With the aid of a juice collection box,the juice was extracted and stored in a clean dry container for further analysis.Noni seed:The third portion of the noni fruit samples was cleaned,washed,to remove debris and thereafter,was crushed by hand to select the seed.The seeds were separated from the pulp by a strong spray of water,and then washed to further remove pulp on the seed.The seeds were dried for 2 days in open air and further oven dried and then grounded to a fine powder and packaged for analysis.The results of the proximate composition of noni seed,pulp and concentrate showed significant difference(p<0.05)in the protein content of the seed,pulp and concentrate.The crude protein increased from 0.02%to 4.53%.The seed had the highest protein content(4.53%).There was significant difference(p<0.05)in the moisture content of the seed,pulp and concentrate.The moisture content of the seed(8.27%)was lower than that of pulp(92.55%)and concentrate(88.38%).The crude fiber contents of the seed,pulp and concentrate were all significantly different(p<0.05).The seed had 28.7%crude fiber value while pulp and concentrate had 0.03%and 1.95%respectively.The ash content of noni seed was significantly(p<0.05)higher(3.07%),in respect to pulp(1.06%)and concentrate(0.79%).The crude fat values of the pulp(3.98%)and concentrate(2.99%)were higher than the seed(2.00%)and all were significantly different(p<0.05).Noni seed had the highest nutrient,anti-nutrient and Vitamin B2 content.The high fiber content and phenolic compound found in noni seed make it a functional food.展开更多
诺尼果是一种热带和亚热带水果,含有丰富的碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质等营养元素以及多糖、黄酮、多酚等活性成分,有很好的食用和药用价值。诺尼果多糖(noni fruit polysaccharide,NFP)是诺尼果中含量较高的活性成分,具有免疫调节、降...诺尼果是一种热带和亚热带水果,含有丰富的碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质等营养元素以及多糖、黄酮、多酚等活性成分,有很好的食用和药用价值。诺尼果多糖(noni fruit polysaccharide,NFP)是诺尼果中含量较高的活性成分,具有免疫调节、降脂减肥、抗肿瘤、抗氧化及抗炎等生物活性作用,在生物医药、保健食品等研究开发领域有着良好的应用前景。诺尼果多糖是一种由半乳糖醛酸聚糖组成的天然果胶多糖。不同提取方法制备得到的诺尼果多糖,在糖基组成、链结构及理化性质和生物活性等方面存在一定差异。本文介绍了诺尼果多糖的提取纯化工艺、诺尼果多糖的组成结构特征,以及诺尼果多糖的生物活性方面的最新研究进展,同时综述了诺尼果多糖组成结构与生物活性之间的关系,以期为诺尼果多糖应用于保健食品、药品等领域提供参考。展开更多
Objective:The objective of the study was to identify Nrf2 activators from differently treated Morinda citrifolia L.fruit juices and their cytotoxicity.Materials and Methods:Noni fruit juices were prepared by different...Objective:The objective of the study was to identify Nrf2 activators from differently treated Morinda citrifolia L.fruit juices and their cytotoxicity.Materials and Methods:Noni fruit juices were prepared by different treatments:unripe(T1),ripe(T2),purchased(T3),and Noni juices fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum(T4).These extracts were tested for Nrf2 activation and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)inhibition activities.These active extracts were further studied for their nuclear Nrf2 translocation and induction of HO-1 protein expression.Finally,the active extracts were purified using open column chromatography and RP-high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)techniques through bioassay-guided separation.Moreover,all Noni juice samples were tested for cytotoxicity using mammalian cell-based methylthiazoltetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results:Only purchased(T3)and ripe Noni fruit juices fermented with LP at 22℃(T4–22)showed strongest Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inhibitory activity.Further,these two extracts enhanced the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 after 2 h and also promoted Nrf2 and HO-1 nuclear translocation.Induction of HO-1 gene expression of Hep G2/ARE cells treated with T3 confirmed that it is a potent inducer of the Nrf2 target gene HO-1.Bioassay-guided separation resulted in subfractions with high Nrf2 activity.The strongest Nrf2 active subfraction led to the identification of scopoletin as an Nrf2 activator.Moreover,none of the tested samples showed any cytotoxicity for the MTT assay.Conclusions:The presence of potential Nrf2 activators in the Noni fruit juices that were nontoxic in our MTT assay could mitigate the production of harmful reactive species in the biological systems,and thereby,could helpful in alleviating and prevention of chronic diseases.展开更多
文摘The study assessed the nutrients,anti-nutrients and phytochemical properties of noni concentrate,pulp,and seed.Noni plant is a small evergreen tree,used for both medicinal purposes and for food.Six kilograms(6 kg)of matured,ripe noni fruit(Morinda citrifolia),was harvested by hand picking,from Green Health Farm,Imo State,Nigeria.It was divided into three equal parts,for the purposes of sample preparation and analysis.Noni pulp:One portion of the noni fruit sample was cleaned,washed and drained to remove debris and thereafter,was spread on a clean tray and allowed to air dry,at room temperature.This practice encouraged further ripening and softening of the fruit.The seeds were then removed and the fruit crushed,to extract the pulp.The pulp was packaged in an air tight container and kept in the fridge for further analysis.Noni concentrate:The second portion of the noni fruit samples was cleaned,washed and allowed to air dry on a raised table,under room temperature.With the aid of a juice collection box,the juice was extracted and stored in a clean dry container for further analysis.Noni seed:The third portion of the noni fruit samples was cleaned,washed,to remove debris and thereafter,was crushed by hand to select the seed.The seeds were separated from the pulp by a strong spray of water,and then washed to further remove pulp on the seed.The seeds were dried for 2 days in open air and further oven dried and then grounded to a fine powder and packaged for analysis.The results of the proximate composition of noni seed,pulp and concentrate showed significant difference(p<0.05)in the protein content of the seed,pulp and concentrate.The crude protein increased from 0.02%to 4.53%.The seed had the highest protein content(4.53%).There was significant difference(p<0.05)in the moisture content of the seed,pulp and concentrate.The moisture content of the seed(8.27%)was lower than that of pulp(92.55%)and concentrate(88.38%).The crude fiber contents of the seed,pulp and concentrate were all significantly different(p<0.05).The seed had 28.7%crude fiber value while pulp and concentrate had 0.03%and 1.95%respectively.The ash content of noni seed was significantly(p<0.05)higher(3.07%),in respect to pulp(1.06%)and concentrate(0.79%).The crude fat values of the pulp(3.98%)and concentrate(2.99%)were higher than the seed(2.00%)and all were significantly different(p<0.05).Noni seed had the highest nutrient,anti-nutrient and Vitamin B2 content.The high fiber content and phenolic compound found in noni seed make it a functional food.
文摘诺尼果是一种热带和亚热带水果,含有丰富的碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质等营养元素以及多糖、黄酮、多酚等活性成分,有很好的食用和药用价值。诺尼果多糖(noni fruit polysaccharide,NFP)是诺尼果中含量较高的活性成分,具有免疫调节、降脂减肥、抗肿瘤、抗氧化及抗炎等生物活性作用,在生物医药、保健食品等研究开发领域有着良好的应用前景。诺尼果多糖是一种由半乳糖醛酸聚糖组成的天然果胶多糖。不同提取方法制备得到的诺尼果多糖,在糖基组成、链结构及理化性质和生物活性等方面存在一定差异。本文介绍了诺尼果多糖的提取纯化工艺、诺尼果多糖的组成结构特征,以及诺尼果多糖的生物活性方面的最新研究进展,同时综述了诺尼果多糖组成结构与生物活性之间的关系,以期为诺尼果多糖应用于保健食品、药品等领域提供参考。
文摘Objective:The objective of the study was to identify Nrf2 activators from differently treated Morinda citrifolia L.fruit juices and their cytotoxicity.Materials and Methods:Noni fruit juices were prepared by different treatments:unripe(T1),ripe(T2),purchased(T3),and Noni juices fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum(T4).These extracts were tested for Nrf2 activation and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)inhibition activities.These active extracts were further studied for their nuclear Nrf2 translocation and induction of HO-1 protein expression.Finally,the active extracts were purified using open column chromatography and RP-high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)techniques through bioassay-guided separation.Moreover,all Noni juice samples were tested for cytotoxicity using mammalian cell-based methylthiazoltetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results:Only purchased(T3)and ripe Noni fruit juices fermented with LP at 22℃(T4–22)showed strongest Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inhibitory activity.Further,these two extracts enhanced the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 after 2 h and also promoted Nrf2 and HO-1 nuclear translocation.Induction of HO-1 gene expression of Hep G2/ARE cells treated with T3 confirmed that it is a potent inducer of the Nrf2 target gene HO-1.Bioassay-guided separation resulted in subfractions with high Nrf2 activity.The strongest Nrf2 active subfraction led to the identification of scopoletin as an Nrf2 activator.Moreover,none of the tested samples showed any cytotoxicity for the MTT assay.Conclusions:The presence of potential Nrf2 activators in the Noni fruit juices that were nontoxic in our MTT assay could mitigate the production of harmful reactive species in the biological systems,and thereby,could helpful in alleviating and prevention of chronic diseases.
