Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to inve...Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.展开更多
Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and...Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the change and relativity of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstruc...Objective:To investigate the change and relativity of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:80 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on whether the NIPPV treatment was given or not,38 cases in the study group and 42 in the control group.The blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were monitored and recorded before and 14 days after treatment.A skeletal muscle biopsy was performed 14 days after therapy.The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S21(RPS21)and ubiquitin in skeletal muscle cell were measured by RT-PCR.Results:After 14 days treatment,the levels of PaCO_(2),PaO_(2),PH and FEV_(1)% in the NIPPV group improved much better than in the control group(p<.05).The gene expression of RPS21 and ubiquitin was obviously lower in the study group than in the control group(p<.05).The level of RPS21 was negatively related with PaO_(2),PH and FEV1%,and the level of ubiquitin was negatively related with PaO_(2) and FEV1%,but positively correlated with PaCO_(2).The area under the ROC curves of RPS21,ubiquitin,PaCO_(2) and FEV_(1)% were 0.771,0.885,0.821 and 0.734 respectively in the study group.The cut-off points were 103.978,8.128,45.350 and 51.350 respectively.The sensitivity evaluation of acid poisoning was 90.9%,and the specificities for each were 75%,75%,50% and 50%.Conclusions:NIPPV is effective for AECOPD patients through the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle.展开更多
The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory dis...The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)following intubation-surfactant-extubation(INSURE)treatment.A two-center randomized control trial was performed.The primary outcome was the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age after INSURE.Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and incidences of adverse events.Lung function at one year of corrected age was also compared between the two groups.There were 140 cases in the CPAP group and 144 in the BiPAP group.After INSURE,the reintubation rates of infants within 72 h of age were 15%and 11.1%in the CPAP group and the BiPAP group,respectively(P>0.05).Neonates in the BiPAP group was on positive airway pressure(PAP)therapy three days less than in the CPAP group(12.6 d and 15.3 d,respectively,P<0.05),and on oxygen six days less than in the CPAP group(20.6 d and 26.9 d,respectively,P<0.05).Other outcomes such as BPD,NEC,ROP and feeding intolerance were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no difference in lung function at one year of age between the two groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,after INSURE,the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age was comparable between the BiPAP group and the CPAP group.BiPAP was superior to CPAP in terms of shorter durations(days)on PAP support and oxygen supplementation.There were no differences in the incidences of BPD and ROP,and lung function at one year of age between the two ventilation methods.展开更多
目的:探讨支气管镜下肺泡灌洗联合无创正压通气(Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation,NPPV)治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)伴发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法:选择2020年2月至2021...目的:探讨支气管镜下肺泡灌洗联合无创正压通气(Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation,NPPV)治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)伴发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法:选择2020年2月至2021年10月在我院接受诊治的急性加重期COPD伴发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者124例,分为肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组和NPPV组(n=62)。NPPV组在常规药物治疗的基础上给予NPPV治疗,肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组在NPPV组治疗基础上给予支气管镜下肺泡灌治疗。治疗期间,记录患者的体温、生命体征恢复时间、症状消失时间及不良反应发生情况;治疗前和治疗2 w后,采用肺功能检测系统测定患者第1秒用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(The forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of the predicted value,FEV1%prep)、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值(Forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)水平,采用免疫比浊法进行检测前白蛋白(Prealbumin,,PAB)水平,采用DxFLEX流式细胞仪检测患者血清CD4^(^(+))、CD8^(+)细胞水平并计算CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)值。结果:治疗后,肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组体温恢复时间、生命体征恢复时间、症状消失时间均少于NPPV组(P<0.05),FEV1、FEV1%prep、FEV1/FVC、PAB水平、CD4^(+)水平、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均高于NPPV组(P<0.05),TNF-α水平、PCT水平、CD8^(+)水平均低于NPPV组(P<0.05);肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组不良反应发生率与NPPV组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在NPPV基础上联用支气管镜下肺泡灌洗治疗急性加重期COPD伴发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者进行治疗,可改善患者肺功能和临床症状具有积极作用,可有效改善患者免疫功能,缓解机体炎症反应,效果安全可靠。展开更多
Background Although severe encephalopathy has been proposed as a possible contraindication to the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation （NPPV）, increasing clinical reports showed it was effective in patie...Background Although severe encephalopathy has been proposed as a possible contraindication to the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation （NPPV）, increasing clinical reports showed it was effective in patients with impaired consciousness and even coma secondary to acute respiratory failure, especially hypercapnic acute respiratory failure （HARF）. To further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NPPV for severe hypercapnic encephalopathy, a prospective case-control study was conducted at a university respiratory intensive care unit （RICU） in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） during the past 3 years. Methods Forty-three of 68 consecutive AECOPD patients requiring ventilatory support for HARF were divided into 2 groups, which were carefully matched for age, sex, COPD course, tobacco use and previous hospitalization history, according to the severity of encephalopathy, 22 patients with Glasgow coma scale （GCS） 〈10 served as group A and 21 with GCS 〉10 as group B. Results Compared with group B, group A had a higher level of baseline arterial partial CO2 pressure （（102±27） mmHg vs （74±17） mmHg, P〈0.01）, lower levels of GCS （7.5±1.9 vs 12.2±1.8, P〈0.01）, arterial pH value （7.18±0.06 vs 7.28±0.07, P〈0.01） and partial 02 pressure/fraction of inspired 02 ratio （168±39 vs 189±33, P〈0.05）. The NPPV success rate and hospital mortality were 73% （16/22） and 14% （3/22） respectively in group A, which were comparable to those in group B （68% （15/21） and 14% （3/21） respectively, all P〉0.05）, but group A needed an average of 7 cmH20 higher of maximal pressure support during NPPV, and 4, 4 and 7 days longer of NPPV time, RICU stay and hospital stay respectively than group B （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. NPPV therapy failed in 12 patients （6 in each group） because of excessive airway secretions （7 patients）, hemodynamic instability （2）, worsening of dyspnea and deterioration of gas exchange （2）, and gastric content aspiration （1）. Conclusions Selected patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy secondary to HARF can be treated as effectively and safely with NPPV as awake patients with HARF due to AECOPD; a trial of NPPV should be instituted to reduce the need of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy who are otherwise good candidates for NPPV due to AECOPD.展开更多
Background This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of noninvasive, positive pressure ventilation on severe, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Methods PUBMED, CNKI, Wanfang, EMBASE and the Cochrane...Background This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of noninvasive, positive pressure ventilation on severe, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Methods PUBMED, CNKI, Wanfang, EMBASE and the Cochrane trials databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials of patients with severe, stable COPD and receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, compared with sham ventilation or no ventilation, were reviewed. The mortality, physiological and health related parameters were pooled to yield odds ratio （OR）, weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences （SMD）, with 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Eight parallel and three crossover randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis for parallel, randomized controlled trials showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation： （1） Did not affect the 12- or 24-month mortality （OR 0.82, 95% Ch 0.48 to 1.41）; （2） Improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension （SMD -0.88, 95% Ch -1.43 to -0.34）; （3） Did not improve forced expiratory volume in one second （SMD 0.20, 95% CI： -0.06 to 0.46）, maximal inspiratory pressure （SMD 0.01, 95% Ch -0.28 to 0.29） or 6-minute walk distance （SMD 0.17, 95% Ch -0.16 to 0.50）; （4） Subgroup analysis showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension in hypercapnic patients. Pooled analysis for crossover randomized controlled trials did not show improvement in arterial blood gas or forced expiratory volume in one second with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Conclusions Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improves the arterial carbon dioxide tension but does not improve the mortality, pulmonary function, or exercise tolerance and should be cautiously used in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.展开更多
文摘Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.
文摘Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.
文摘Objective:To investigate the change and relativity of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:80 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on whether the NIPPV treatment was given or not,38 cases in the study group and 42 in the control group.The blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were monitored and recorded before and 14 days after treatment.A skeletal muscle biopsy was performed 14 days after therapy.The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S21(RPS21)and ubiquitin in skeletal muscle cell were measured by RT-PCR.Results:After 14 days treatment,the levels of PaCO_(2),PaO_(2),PH and FEV_(1)% in the NIPPV group improved much better than in the control group(p<.05).The gene expression of RPS21 and ubiquitin was obviously lower in the study group than in the control group(p<.05).The level of RPS21 was negatively related with PaO_(2),PH and FEV1%,and the level of ubiquitin was negatively related with PaO_(2) and FEV1%,but positively correlated with PaCO_(2).The area under the ROC curves of RPS21,ubiquitin,PaCO_(2) and FEV_(1)% were 0.771,0.885,0.821 and 0.734 respectively in the study group.The cut-off points were 103.978,8.128,45.350 and 51.350 respectively.The sensitivity evaluation of acid poisoning was 90.9%,and the specificities for each were 75%,75%,50% and 50%.Conclusions:NIPPV is effective for AECOPD patients through the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle.
文摘The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)following intubation-surfactant-extubation(INSURE)treatment.A two-center randomized control trial was performed.The primary outcome was the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age after INSURE.Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and incidences of adverse events.Lung function at one year of corrected age was also compared between the two groups.There were 140 cases in the CPAP group and 144 in the BiPAP group.After INSURE,the reintubation rates of infants within 72 h of age were 15%and 11.1%in the CPAP group and the BiPAP group,respectively(P>0.05).Neonates in the BiPAP group was on positive airway pressure(PAP)therapy three days less than in the CPAP group(12.6 d and 15.3 d,respectively,P<0.05),and on oxygen six days less than in the CPAP group(20.6 d and 26.9 d,respectively,P<0.05).Other outcomes such as BPD,NEC,ROP and feeding intolerance were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no difference in lung function at one year of age between the two groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,after INSURE,the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age was comparable between the BiPAP group and the CPAP group.BiPAP was superior to CPAP in terms of shorter durations(days)on PAP support and oxygen supplementation.There were no differences in the incidences of BPD and ROP,and lung function at one year of age between the two ventilation methods.
文摘目的:探讨支气管镜下肺泡灌洗联合无创正压通气(Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation,NPPV)治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)伴发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法:选择2020年2月至2021年10月在我院接受诊治的急性加重期COPD伴发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者124例,分为肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组和NPPV组(n=62)。NPPV组在常规药物治疗的基础上给予NPPV治疗,肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组在NPPV组治疗基础上给予支气管镜下肺泡灌治疗。治疗期间,记录患者的体温、生命体征恢复时间、症状消失时间及不良反应发生情况;治疗前和治疗2 w后,采用肺功能检测系统测定患者第1秒用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(The forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of the predicted value,FEV1%prep)、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值(Forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)水平,采用免疫比浊法进行检测前白蛋白(Prealbumin,,PAB)水平,采用DxFLEX流式细胞仪检测患者血清CD4^(^(+))、CD8^(+)细胞水平并计算CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)值。结果:治疗后,肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组体温恢复时间、生命体征恢复时间、症状消失时间均少于NPPV组(P<0.05),FEV1、FEV1%prep、FEV1/FVC、PAB水平、CD4^(+)水平、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均高于NPPV组(P<0.05),TNF-α水平、PCT水平、CD8^(+)水平均低于NPPV组(P<0.05);肺泡灌洗联合NPPV组不良反应发生率与NPPV组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在NPPV基础上联用支气管镜下肺泡灌洗治疗急性加重期COPD伴发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者进行治疗,可改善患者肺功能和临床症状具有积极作用,可有效改善患者免疫功能,缓解机体炎症反应,效果安全可靠。
文摘目的比较研究新型无创通气方式——经鼻高流量氧疗（high-flow nasal cannula,HFNC）与传统无创正压通气（noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NPPV）2种呼吸治疗方式在心外术后低氧血症方面的治疗效果。方法选择2016年2月1日至2016年7月1日,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院行心脏外科手术入住心外危重症中心,术后拔除气管插管之后24 h内发生低氧血症（hypoxima）,符合纳入标准的40例患者,采用数字表法随机分为2组,应用HFNC或NPPV进行呼吸治疗[患者年龄（52.9±7.8）岁vs（53.8±8.9）岁,P〉0.05;男性性别比65%vs 70%,P〉0.05;术后基础急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHE II）评分（9.4±2.2）分vs（9.3±2.2）分,P〉0.05]。起始参数设置：HFNC：流量45 L/min,温度37℃,吸氧浓度（Fi O2）60%～80%;NPPV：吸气压（inspiratory pressure,IPAP）10～12 cm H_2O（1cm H_2O=0.098 k Pa）,呼气压（expiratory pressure,EPAP）4～6 cm H_2O,FiO_2 60%～80%,吸呼比（radio of inspiration and expiration,I∶E）为1∶1.5～2.0,根据临床疗效和患者耐受程度等逐渐调节。对比研究2种方法治疗方法在不同时间点（治疗后2 h、8 h、24 h、结束时）的呼吸、循环等方面情况,以及并发症、再次插管率、气切率、监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）时间、住院时间等方面的差异。结果 2组患者分别接受HFNC与NPPV 2种方法治疗,发现HFNC在改善氧合指数（PaO_2/FiO_2）、降低PaCO_2均较NPPV组效果明显（P〈0.05）;呼吸频率（respiratory rate,RR）、心率（heart rate,HR）在HFNC组均较NPPV组有明显下降（P〈0.05）。治疗结束时HFNC组较NPPV组胃肠胀气（0vs 20%,P〈0.05）、不耐受（0 vs 25%,P〈0.05）等主要合并症发生率为低;HFNC治疗时间明显较NPPV组为短（P〈0.05）;再次插管、气管切开发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）时间、住院时间、住院病死率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 HFNC耐受性良好、合并症少,在改善氧合、降低PaCO_2方面最终都体现了很好的疗效,且降低呼吸功、对循环的改善也有良好作用;但是2组的再次气管插管率、气管切开率、ICU时间及住院时间等方面差异不明显。
文摘Background Although severe encephalopathy has been proposed as a possible contraindication to the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation （NPPV）, increasing clinical reports showed it was effective in patients with impaired consciousness and even coma secondary to acute respiratory failure, especially hypercapnic acute respiratory failure （HARF）. To further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NPPV for severe hypercapnic encephalopathy, a prospective case-control study was conducted at a university respiratory intensive care unit （RICU） in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） during the past 3 years. Methods Forty-three of 68 consecutive AECOPD patients requiring ventilatory support for HARF were divided into 2 groups, which were carefully matched for age, sex, COPD course, tobacco use and previous hospitalization history, according to the severity of encephalopathy, 22 patients with Glasgow coma scale （GCS） 〈10 served as group A and 21 with GCS 〉10 as group B. Results Compared with group B, group A had a higher level of baseline arterial partial CO2 pressure （（102±27） mmHg vs （74±17） mmHg, P〈0.01）, lower levels of GCS （7.5±1.9 vs 12.2±1.8, P〈0.01）, arterial pH value （7.18±0.06 vs 7.28±0.07, P〈0.01） and partial 02 pressure/fraction of inspired 02 ratio （168±39 vs 189±33, P〈0.05）. The NPPV success rate and hospital mortality were 73% （16/22） and 14% （3/22） respectively in group A, which were comparable to those in group B （68% （15/21） and 14% （3/21） respectively, all P〉0.05）, but group A needed an average of 7 cmH20 higher of maximal pressure support during NPPV, and 4, 4 and 7 days longer of NPPV time, RICU stay and hospital stay respectively than group B （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. NPPV therapy failed in 12 patients （6 in each group） because of excessive airway secretions （7 patients）, hemodynamic instability （2）, worsening of dyspnea and deterioration of gas exchange （2）, and gastric content aspiration （1）. Conclusions Selected patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy secondary to HARF can be treated as effectively and safely with NPPV as awake patients with HARF due to AECOPD; a trial of NPPV should be instituted to reduce the need of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy who are otherwise good candidates for NPPV due to AECOPD.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （No. BK2009318 and No. SBK201123521）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 20100471844 and No. 201104792）, and Medical Technology Innovation Foundation of Nanjing Military Command （No. 09Z028）.
文摘Background This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of noninvasive, positive pressure ventilation on severe, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Methods PUBMED, CNKI, Wanfang, EMBASE and the Cochrane trials databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials of patients with severe, stable COPD and receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, compared with sham ventilation or no ventilation, were reviewed. The mortality, physiological and health related parameters were pooled to yield odds ratio （OR）, weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences （SMD）, with 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Eight parallel and three crossover randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis for parallel, randomized controlled trials showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation： （1） Did not affect the 12- or 24-month mortality （OR 0.82, 95% Ch 0.48 to 1.41）; （2） Improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension （SMD -0.88, 95% Ch -1.43 to -0.34）; （3） Did not improve forced expiratory volume in one second （SMD 0.20, 95% CI： -0.06 to 0.46）, maximal inspiratory pressure （SMD 0.01, 95% Ch -0.28 to 0.29） or 6-minute walk distance （SMD 0.17, 95% Ch -0.16 to 0.50）; （4） Subgroup analysis showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension in hypercapnic patients. Pooled analysis for crossover randomized controlled trials did not show improvement in arterial blood gas or forced expiratory volume in one second with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Conclusions Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improves the arterial carbon dioxide tension but does not improve the mortality, pulmonary function, or exercise tolerance and should be cautiously used in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
