Sleep Quality for Patients Receiving Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Nasal High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in an ICU: Two Case Studies

Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.

Effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure

Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.

Noninvasive Ventilation Interfaces in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Insufficiency: A Critical Review

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an important therapeutic modality for the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF). In this review, we critically analyze randomized controlled trials on the most used NIV interfaces in the treatments of ARF. Methods: The searches were conducted in the Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, and Pedro databases from June to November 2021. The inclusion criteria were Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2016 to 2021 in Portuguese, Spanish, or English and involving adults (aged ≥ 18 years). The eligibility criteria for article selection were based on the PICO strategy: Population—Adults with ARF;Intervention—NIV Therapy;Comparison—Conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, or NIV;Outcome—improvement in ARF. The search for articles and the implementation of the inclusion criteria were independently conducted by two researchers. Results: Seven scientific articles involving 574 adults with ARF due to various causes, such as chest trauma, decompensated heart failure, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and postoperative period, among others, were included. The interfaces cited in the studies included an oronasal mask, nasal mask, full-face mask, and helmet. In addition, some favorable outcomes related to NIV were reported in the studies, such as a reduction in the rate of orotracheal intubation and shorter length of stay in the ICU. Conclusions: The most cited interfaces in the treatment of ARF were the oronasal mask and the helmet.

Impact of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To investigate the change and relativity of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:80 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on whether the NIPPV treatment was given or not,38 cases in the study group and 42 in the control group.The blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were monitored and recorded before and 14 days after treatment.A skeletal muscle biopsy was performed 14 days after therapy.The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S21(RPS21)and ubiquitin in skeletal muscle cell were measured by RT-PCR.Results:After 14 days treatment,the levels of PaCO_(2),PaO_(2),PH and FEV_(1)% in the NIPPV group improved much better than in the control group(p<.05).The gene expression of RPS21 and ubiquitin was obviously lower in the study group than in the control group(p<.05).The level of RPS21 was negatively related with PaO_(2),PH and FEV1%,and the level of ubiquitin was negatively related with PaO_(2) and FEV1%,but positively correlated with PaCO_(2).The area under the ROC curves of RPS21,ubiquitin,PaCO_(2) and FEV_(1)% were 0.771,0.885,0.821 and 0.734 respectively in the study group.The cut-off points were 103.978,8.128,45.350 and 51.350 respectively.The sensitivity evaluation of acid poisoning was 90.9%,and the specificities for each were 75%,75%,50% and 50%.Conclusions:NIPPV is effective for AECOPD patients through the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle.

Bi-level Nasal Positive Airway Pressure(BiPAP)versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure(CPAP)for Preterm Infants with Birth Weight Less Than 1500g and Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following INSURE Treatment:A Two-center Randomized Controlled Trial

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)following intubation-surfactant-extubation(INSURE)treatment.A two-center randomized control trial was performed.The primary outcome was the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age after INSURE.Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and incidences of adverse events.Lung function at one year of corrected age was also compared between the two groups.There were 140 cases in the CPAP group and 144 in the BiPAP group.After INSURE,the reintubation rates of infants within 72 h of age were 15%and 11.1%in the CPAP group and the BiPAP group,respectively(P>0.05).Neonates in the BiPAP group was on positive airway pressure(PAP)therapy three days less than in the CPAP group(12.6 d and 15.3 d,respectively,P<0.05),and on oxygen six days less than in the CPAP group(20.6 d and 26.9 d,respectively,P<0.05).Other outcomes such as BPD,NEC,ROP and feeding intolerance were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no difference in lung function at one year of age between the two groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,after INSURE,the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age was comparable between the BiPAP group and the CPAP group.BiPAP was superior to CPAP in terms of shorter durations(days)on PAP support and oxygen supplementation.There were no differences in the incidences of BPD and ROP,and lung function at one year of age between the two ventilation methods.

Effectiveness and safety of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for severe hypercapnic encephalopathy due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a prospective case-control study

Background Although severe encephalopathy has been proposed as a possible contraindication to the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation （NPPV）, increasing clinical reports showed it was effective in patients with impaired consciousness and even coma secondary to acute respiratory failure, especially hypercapnic acute respiratory failure （HARF）. To further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NPPV for severe hypercapnic encephalopathy, a prospective case-control study was conducted at a university respiratory intensive care unit （RICU） in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） during the past 3 years. Methods Forty-three of 68 consecutive AECOPD patients requiring ventilatory support for HARF were divided into 2 groups, which were carefully matched for age, sex, COPD course, tobacco use and previous hospitalization history, according to the severity of encephalopathy, 22 patients with Glasgow coma scale （GCS） 〈10 served as group A and 21 with GCS 〉10 as group B. Results Compared with group B, group A had a higher level of baseline arterial partial CO2 pressure （（102±27） mmHg vs （74±17） mmHg, P〈0.01）, lower levels of GCS （7.5±1.9 vs 12.2±1.8, P〈0.01）, arterial pH value （7.18±0.06 vs 7.28±0.07, P〈0.01） and partial 02 pressure/fraction of inspired 02 ratio （168±39 vs 189±33, P〈0.05）. The NPPV success rate and hospital mortality were 73% （16/22） and 14% （3/22） respectively in group A, which were comparable to those in group B （68% （15/21） and 14% （3/21） respectively, all P〉0.05）, but group A needed an average of 7 cmH20 higher of maximal pressure support during NPPV, and 4, 4 and 7 days longer of NPPV time, RICU stay and hospital stay respectively than group B （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. NPPV therapy failed in 12 patients （6 in each group） because of excessive airway secretions （7 patients）, hemodynamic instability （2）, worsening of dyspnea and deterioration of gas exchange （2）, and gastric content aspiration （1）. Conclusions Selected patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy secondary to HARF can be treated as effectively and safely with NPPV as awake patients with HARF due to AECOPD; a trial of NPPV should be instituted to reduce the need of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy who are otherwise good candidates for NPPV due to AECOPD.

Effect of noninvasive, positive pressure ventilation on patients with severe, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a meta-analysis

Background This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of noninvasive, positive pressure ventilation on severe, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Methods PUBMED, CNKI, Wanfang, EMBASE and the Cochrane trials databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials of patients with severe, stable COPD and receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, compared with sham ventilation or no ventilation, were reviewed. The mortality, physiological and health related parameters were pooled to yield odds ratio （OR）, weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences （SMD）, with 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Eight parallel and three crossover randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis for parallel, randomized controlled trials showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation： （1） Did not affect the 12- or 24-month mortality （OR 0.82, 95% Ch 0.48 to 1.41）; （2） Improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension （SMD -0.88, 95% Ch -1.43 to -0.34）; （3） Did not improve forced expiratory volume in one second （SMD 0.20, 95% CI： -0.06 to 0.46）, maximal inspiratory pressure （SMD 0.01, 95% Ch -0.28 to 0.29） or 6-minute walk distance （SMD 0.17, 95% Ch -0.16 to 0.50）; （4） Subgroup analysis showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension in hypercapnic patients. Pooled analysis for crossover randomized controlled trials did not show improvement in arterial blood gas or forced expiratory volume in one second with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Conclusions Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improves the arterial carbon dioxide tension but does not improve the mortality, pulmonary function, or exercise tolerance and should be cautiously used in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on weaning success in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation： a meta-analysis

Background Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation （NIPPV） has been proposed to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in intubated patients, especially those who fail initial weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation （IMV）. However, there are also some discrepancies in terms of weaning success or failure, incidence of re-intubation, complications observed during study and patient outcomes. The primary objective of this update was to specifically investigate the role of NIPPV on facilitating weaning and avoiding re-intubation in patients intubated for different etiologies of acute respiratory failure, by comparing with conventional invasive weaning approach. Methods We searched randomized controlled trials （RCTs） comparing noninvasive weaning of early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV with invasive weaning in intubated patients from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Knowledge and Springerlink databases. Records from conference proceedings and reference lists of relevant studies were also identified. Results A total of 11 RCTs with 623 patients were available for the present analysis. Compared with IMV, NIPPV significantly increased weaning success rates （odds ratio （OR）： 2.50, 95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.46-4.30, P=0.0009）, decreased mortality （OR： 0.39, 95% CI： 0.20-0.75, P=0.005）, and reduced the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia （VAP） （OR： 0.17, 95% CI： 0.08-0.37, P 〈0.00001） and complications （OR： 0.22, 95% CI： 0.07-0.72, P=0.01）. However, effect of NIPPV on re-intubation did not reach statistical difference （OR： 0.61, 95% CI： 0.33-1.11, P=0.11）. Conclusions Early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV is superior to conventional invasive weaning approach in increasing weaning success rates, decreasing the risk of mortality and reducing the incidence of VAP and complications, in patients who need weaning from IMV. However, it should be applied with caution, as there is insufficient beneficial evidence to definitely recommend it in terms of avoidinQ re-intubation.

Efficacy and safety of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery

Background Although noninvasive positive pressure ventilation （NPPV） has been successfully used for various kinds of acute respiratory failure,the data are limited regarding its application in postoperative respiratory failure after cardiac surgery.Therefore,we conducted a prospective randomized control study in a university surgical intensive care unit to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NPPV in the treatment of acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery,and explore the predicting factors of NPPV failure.Methods From September 2011 to November 2012 patients with acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery who had indication for the use of NPPV were randomly divided into a NPPV treatment group （NPPV group） and the conventional treatment group （control group）.The between-group differences in the patients＇ baseline characteristics,re-intubation rate,tracheotomy rate,ventilator associated pneumonia （VAP） incidence,in-hospital mortality,mechanical ventilation time after enrollment （MV time）,intensive care unit （ICU） and postoperative hospital stays were compared.The factors that predict NPPV failure were analyzed.Results During the study period,a total of 139 patients who had acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery were recorded,and 95 of them met the inclusion criteria,which included 59 males and 36 females with a mean age of （61.5±11.2） years.Forty-three patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG）,23 underwent valve surgery,13 underwent CABG＋valve surgery,13 underwent major vascular surgery,and three underwent other surgeries.The NPPV group had 48 patients and the control group had 47 patients.In the NPPV group,the re-intubation rate was 18.8％,tracheotomy rate was 12.5％,VAP incidence was 0,and the in-hospital mortality was 18.8％,significantly lower than in the control group 80.9％,29.8％,17.0％ and 38.3％ respectively,P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01.The MV time and ICU stay （expressed as the median （P25,P75）） were 18.0 （9.2,35.0） hours and 4.0 （2.0,5.0） days,which were significantly shorter than in the control group,96.0 （26.0,240.0） hours and 6.0 （4.0,9.0） days respectively,P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01.The postoperative hospital stays of the two groups were similar.The univariate analysis showed that the NPPV success subgroup had more patients with acute lung injury （ALl） （17 vs.0,P=0.038）,fewer patients with pneumonia （2 vs.7,P ＜0.001） and lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ （APACHE Ⅱ） scores （16.1±2.8 vs.21.8±3.2,P ＜0.001）.Multivariate analysis showed that pneumonia （P=-0.027） and a high APACHE Ⅱ score ＞20 （P=-0.002） were the independent risk factors of NPPV failure.Conclusions We conclude that NPPV can be applied in selected patients with acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery to reduce the need of re-intubation and improve clinical outcome as compared with conventional treatment.Pneumonia and a high APACHE Ⅱ score ＞20 might be the independent risk factors of NPPV failure in this group of patients.

BiPAP无创呼吸机联合噻托溴铵对AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者呼吸强度及肺功能的影响

目的:探究双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)无创呼吸机联合噻托溴铵对急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(AECOPD)伴呼吸衰竭(呼衰)患者呼吸强度及肺功能的影响。方法:选取2020年10月—2022年9月瑞金市人民医院急诊科收治的AECOPD伴呼衰患者68例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各34例。对照组予以单独Bi PAP无创呼吸机治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用噻托溴铵,均治疗10 d。评价两组的治疗效果及不良反应发生情况,比较两组治疗前、治疗10 d后血气、呼吸动力学及肺功能指标。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(88.24%vs 67.65%)(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,观察组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指标(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、吸气峰值压(PIP)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、最高呼气流速(PEF)及最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)均高于对照组,其动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、平台压(Pplat)、平均气道压(MPaw)及气道阻力(Raw)均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和观察组不良反应发生率分别为5.88%和11.76%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:BiPAP无创呼吸机联合噻托溴铵治疗可有效改善AECOPD伴呼衰患者呼吸强度,且能够改善患者肺功能,调节血氧水平,有效且安全。

Early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a multicentre randomized controlled trial

Background Respiratory muscle fatigue plays an important role in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (AECOPD)·In previous clinical studies, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)was proved to be successful only for AECOPD patients with severe respiratory failure·We hypothesized that, theoutcomes of AECOPD would be improved if NPPVis early (within 24 to 48 hours of admission) administered inthose patients with respiratory muscle fatigue and mild respiratory insufficiency, especially in patients withoutfulfilling the conventional criteria of mechanical ventilatory support·Methods Aprospective multicentre randomized controlled trial was conducted in19 hospitals in China over16months·Three hundred and forty-two AECOPD patients with pH≥7·25 and PaCO2>45 mmHg were recruitedon general ward and randomly assigned to standard medical treatment (control group) or early administration ofadditional NPPV (NPPV group)·Results The characteristics of two groups on admission were similar·The number of AECOPD patientsrequiring intubations in NPPV group was much fewer than that of the control group (8/171 vs 26/71,P=0·002)·Subgroup analysis showed the needs for intubation in mildly (pH≥7·35) and severe (pH<7·30)acidotic patients in NPPVgroup were both decreased (9/80 vs2/71,P=0·047 and 8/30 vs3/43,P=0·048,respectively)·The mortality in hospital was reduced slightly by NPPV but with no significant difference (7/171vs 12/171,P=0·345)·Respiratory rate (RR),scale for accessory muscle use and arterial pHimproved rapidlyat the first 2 hours only in patients of NPPV group·After 24 hours, the differences of pH, PaO2, scale foraccessory muscle use and RR in NPPV group [(7·36±0·06) mmHg, (72±22) mmHg, (2·5±0·9) /min,(22±4) /min] were statistically significant compared with control group (7·37±0·05) mmHg, (85±34)mmHg, (2·3±1·1) /min, (21±4) /min,P<0·01 for all comparisons]·Conclusions The early use of NPPV on general ward improves arterial blood gas and respiratory pattern,decreases the rate of need for intubation in AECOPD patients·NPPV is indicative for alleviating respiratorymuscle fatigue and preventing respiratory failure from exacerbation·

Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation in acute pediatric respiratory failure

AIM To characterize the clinical course and outcomes of nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation(NIMV) use in acute pediatric respiratory failure.METHODS We identified all patients treated with NIMV in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) or inpatient general pediatrics between January 2013 and December 2015 at two academic centers.Patients who utilized NIMV with other modes of noninvasive ventilation during the same admission were included.Data included demographics,vital signs on admission and prior to initiation of NIMV,pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ(PRIsM-Ⅲ) scores,complications,respiratory support characteristics,PICU and hospital length of stays,duration of respiratory support,and complications.Patients who did not require escalation to mechanical ventilation were defined as NIMV responders;those who required escalation to mechanical ventilation(MV) were defined as NIMV nonresponders.NIMV responders were compared to NIMV non-responders.RESULTS Forty-two patients met study criteria.six(14%) failed treatment and required MV.The majority of the patients(74%) had a primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis.The median age of these 42 patients was 4 mo(range 0.5-28.1 mo,IQR 7,P = 0.69).No significant difference was measured in other baseline demographics and vitals on initiation of NIMV;these included age,temperature,respiratory rate,O2 saturation,heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and PRIsM-Ⅲ scores.The duration of NIMV was shorter in the NIMV nonresponder vs NIMV responder group(6.5 h vs 65 h,P < 0.0005).Otherwise,NIMV failure was not associated with significant differences in PICU length of stay(LOs),hospital LOs,or total duration of respiratory support.No patients had aspiration pneumonia,pneumothorax,or skin breakdown.CONCLUSION Most of our patients responded to NIMV.NIMV failure is not associated with differences in hospital LOs,PICU LOs,or duration of respiratory support.

BiPAP无创正压通气对急性心力衰竭伴呼吸衰竭患者HRV、心肺功能的影响

目的探究双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)对急性心力衰竭(AHF)伴呼吸衰竭(RF)患者心率变异性(HRV)、心肺功能的影响。方法选择西部战区总医院急诊学科抢救室2020年10月—2021年10月期间收治入院的155例AHF伴RF患者,按照随机数字表法分为BiPAP组(n=77)和CPAP组(n=78),比较两组患者症状改善情况、HRV及心肺功能。结果两组AHF伴RF患者均无死亡,ICU住院时间、无创通气时间、症状缓解时间、插管率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,两组AHF伴RF患者正常心脏搏动周期(RR)间期标准差(SDNN)、RR间期平均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻心跳连续差均方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心输排血(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏输出量(SV)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,BiPAP组SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF、LVEF、CO、CI、SV、PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)均上升,CPAP组RMSSD较治疗前无变化,其余均上升,两组PaCO_(2)均下降,BiPAP组SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF、PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)高于CPAP组(P<0.05),PaCO_(2)低于CPAP组(P<0.05),两组间LVEF、CO、CI、SV差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论BiPAP、CPAP均能显著改善AHF伴RF患者的临床症状、HRV和心肺功能,但BiPAP对HRV和肺功能的改善效果更显著。

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的应用价值

目的探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的疗效及适用条件。方法回顾性分析中山市小榄人民医院呼吸内科2021年1月~2022年12月收治并好转出院的60例AECOPD患者的临床资料,所有患者均在抗感染、止咳化痰、平喘等治疗的基础上,给予呼吸支持治疗。按照呼吸支持治疗方式不同分为HFNC组(30例)与无创正压通气(NPPV)组(30例)。比较两组患者生命体征(心率、呼吸)、血气分析[氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)FiO_(2))]情况。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,分析HFNC组患者血气分析指标的变化情况。结果治疗前,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HFNC组治疗前后心率、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(85.47±13.21)次min vs.(97.67±22.62)次min、(95.92±27.33)mmHg vs.(80.3±19.02)mmHg、(321.23±78.73)mmHg vs.(278.40±67.21)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NPPV组治疗前后心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(90.33±12.02)次min vs.(105.70±22.03)次min、(20.67±0.76)次min vs.(24.93±2.45)次min、(91.54±34.81)mmHg vs.(70.86±24.03)mmHg、(311.03±113.14)mmHg vs.(240.53±86.28)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,与治疗前比较,HFNC组患者年龄≥71岁、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg之间的患者治疗后PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFNC及NPPV均可改善AECOPD患者的氧合功能,效果相当,可作为NPPV的备选方案。HFNC尤其适用于年龄71岁及以上、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg的人群。

经鼻高流量氧疗对比无创正压通气在急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用价值

目的研究经鼻高流量氧疗(high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy,HFNC)对比无创正压通气(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NPPV)在急性心力衰竭(acute heart failure,AHF)伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的治疗效果。方法选择2022年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学宣武医院急诊科收治的94例AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为观察组48例和对照组46例。两组患者均给予常规扩血管、利尿等治疗,对照组给予NPPV治疗,观察组给予HFNC治疗,分别比较两组患者治疗前、治疗24 h后的呼吸频率、心率、血清N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))和动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))的变化情况及2组比较的区别,应用调查问卷评估两组患者治疗舒适度的区别。随访28 d,分别比较两组患者治疗后误吸、胃胀气等并发症发生率、气管插管率及病死率。结果观察组与对照组治疗后的呼吸频率、心率和NT-proBNP较前明显降低(P均<0.05),PaO_(2)较前升高(P均<0.05),PaCO_(2)较前升高(P<0.05),但仍在正常范围内;观察组治疗后呼吸频率是(23.77±2.36)次/min、心率为(89.17±5.80)次/min、NT-proBNP为[13631.00(9997.25,16328.00)]pg/ml、PaO_(2)为(66.87±2.78)mmHg和PaCO_(2)为(37.06±2.56)mmHg,与对照组的(23.33±2.81)次/min、(87.69±5.02)次/min、[12517.00(9836.75,17742.00)]pg/ml、(67.74±2.67)mmHg和(37.07±1.93)mm Hg比较无统计学差别(均P>0.05);调查问卷显示,观察组舒适度评分大于对照组[(3.35±0.69)分比(2.76±0.77)分,P=0.001],并发症发生率小于对照组(10.41%比28.26%,P=0.028),两组患者气管插管率(12.50%比10.86%)和病死率(10.41%比8.69%)比较无统计学差别(P>0.05)。结论HFNC和NPPV在AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中应用均具有较好的治疗效果,但HFNC并发症较较少,患者舒适程度更高。

急诊早期应用BiPAP无创机械通气治疗急性左心衰竭临床研究

目的评价急诊早期应用无创机械双水平正压通气(BiPAP)治疗急性左心功能衰竭的疗效。方法 68例急性左心功能衰竭患者被随机分为2组,34例早期BiPAP治疗组在常规抗心衰基础药物治疗的同时,即早期配合使用BiPAP治疗,34例常规治疗组在常规抗心衰基础药物治疗上加用鼻导管给氧治疗,治疗无效时再改用BiPAP治疗,比较其对临床症状、心功能、血气分析、无创机械通气时间、气管插管率I、CU住院时间的影响。结果 2组患者通气治疗后,血气分析中pH、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、ABP、呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)等参数与治疗前比较有显著好转(P<0.01),与常规治疗组比较,PaO2、RR、HR明显改善(P<0.05)。患者入院至上机时间、症状缓解时间、平均上机时间、ICU住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05),气管插管率降低(P<0.05),早期治疗组2 h显效率为88.2%,显著优于常规治疗组(76.4%)。结论急诊早期应用BiPAP无创机械通气治疗急性左心功能衰竭能迅速纠正缺氧、改善心功能,可作为抢救的一种安全、有效方法。

BiPAP呼吸机在神经肌肉疾病出现呼吸衰竭中的早期应用

目的评价早期应用BiPAP呼吸机无创正压通气(NIPPV)对神经肌肉疾病出现急性呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法在常规治疗的基础上早期采用BiPAP呼吸机NIPPV治疗神经肌肉疾病出现的呼吸衰竭患者25例,并比较NIPPV治疗前后动脉血气、呼吸频率、心率的变化及转归。结果用BiiPAP呼吸机NIPPV治疗1h后,患者动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)和动脉血氧分压(PaO2)上升,心率(HR)减漫(P<0·05);48h及72h后PaO2,SaO2,HR,呼吸频率(RR)持续好转(P<0·05)。21例治疗有效,4例治疗失败需有创通气,总有效率84%(21/25)。采用NIPPV治疗出现并发症8例。结论用BiPAP呼吸机NIPPV治疗神经肌肉疾病早期的呼吸衰竭疗效明显,减少了气管插管给患者带来的痛苦。

BiPAP无创通气在老年重症肺炎并发心力衰竭治疗中的作用

目的评价双水平气道正压(bi-positive airway pressure,BiPAP)无创通气在老年重症肺炎并发左心衰竭抢救中的临床价值,并观察BiPAP无创通气治疗前后血浆脑钠肽(brain natriureticpeptide,BNP)水平的变化。方法老年重症肺炎并发左心衰竭患者36例,随机分为BiPAP治疗组(18例)和内科常规治疗组(18例)。内科常规治疗组为抗感染、止咳化痰、平喘、扩血管、强心、利尿以及鼻导管给氧治疗。BiPAP治疗组在内科常规治疗同时加用BiPAP无创通气治疗72h,分别观察治疗72h后2组患者心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血压、血氧饱和度、血气分析和临床症状体征以及血浆BNP水平的变化。结果与内科常规治疗组比较,BiPAP治疗组治疗72h后,患者临床症状与体征改善明显,其血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉氧分压(PaO2)显著升高,HR、RR显著下降(P<0.05),血浆BNP水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 BiPAP无创通气治疗老年重症肺炎并发左心衰竭能迅速纠正缺氧、改善临床症状,降低血浆BNP浓度,是抢救老年重症肺炎并发左心衰竭的一种安全、有效措施。

BiPAP无创通气在COPD并严重呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的观察双水平无创正压通气(BiPAP)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并严重型呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法COPD急性加重并发严重型呼吸衰竭的患者42例分为两组,常规治疗组21例,给予氧疗、药物等常规治疗,BiPAP组21例,给予常规治疗的同时加用BiPAP无创通气。结果BiPAP组治疗后2h,PaO2即有显著上升(与治疗前比较p<0.05)。治疗后6h、24h,PH值上升、PaCO2下降,与治疗前比较均有显著差异(p<0.05)。而常规治疗组治疗前后均无显著差异(p>0.05),BiPAP组治疗失败率、气管插管率均明显低于常规治疗组(p<0.05),病死率亦低于常规治疗组,但尚无显著差异(p>0.05)。结论对COPD合并严重型呼吸衰竭的患者,BiPAP无创通气仍然是一种有效的手段,可以较快地改善动脉血气,减少气管插管率和治疗失败率。

BiPAP无创通气在急性心源性肺水肿救治中的应用

目的探讨双水平正压无创机械通气在救治急性心源性肺水肿患者中的疗效。方法将我科收治的59例急性心源性肺水肿患者随机分为两组:在常规利尿、扩血管、强心和镇静治疗的基础上,治疗组26例经BiPAP无创通气治疗;而对照组33例则给予高浓度面罩吸氧,观察两组治疗前后心率、呼吸频率、血气分析指标及临床征象的变化,评价治疗效果。结果治疗组无创正压通气2 h后患者心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)明显减慢(P<0.05),收缩压(ABP)及舒张压(DBP)明显下降(P<0.01),血氧饱和度(SaO2)明显升高(P<0.01)。结论 BiPAP无创通气治疗急性心源性肺水肿起效快,能明显改善低氧血症,是抢救急性心源性肺水肿的重要方法之一,值得临床推广。