Channel estimation in integrated radar and communication systems with power amplifier distortion

To reduce the negative impact of the power amplifier(PA)nonlinear distortion caused by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)waveform with high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)in integrated radar and communication(RadCom)systems is studied,the channel estimation in passive sensing scenarios.Adaptive channel estimation methods are proposed based on different pilot patterns,considering nonlinear distortion and channel sparsity.The proposed methods achieve sparse channel results by manipulating the least squares(LS)frequency-domain channel estimation results to preserve the most significant taps.The decision-aided method is used to optimize the sparse channel results to reduce the effect of nonlinear distortion.Numerical results show that the channel estimation performance of the proposed methods is better than that of the conventional methods under different pilot patterns.In addition,the bit error rate performance in communication and passive radar detection performance show that the proposed methods have good comprehensive performance.

RESEARCH ON NONLINEAR DISTORTION IN AMPLIFIERS

Transistors are nonlinear devices, which can produce nonlinear distortion in amplifier while amplifying signals. For weak nonlinear distortion, the expressions of total harmonic distortion (THD), the second order intermodulation distortion(IM2 ), the third order intermodulation distortion(IM 3) and intercept point(IP 3) are deduced. With the aid of software Multisim, we simulate transistor common emitter amplifier, transistor common emitter amplifier with resistor in emitter, differential amplifier and differential amplifier with resistor between emitters. The simulational results and theoretical analyses are almost the same.

Design of Dispersion Compensation and Nonlinear Distortion Self-compensationin Co -network Transmission Systems

Dispersion and nonlinear distortion have an effect on transmission performanc es of optic al fiber transimission systems. The schemes of dispersion compensation and nonli near distortion self-compens ation in telecom-CATV co-network transmission systems are reported, followed by investigation on (1) the impact of dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) on fi ber nonlinear effects with a cascade of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) an d different dispersion compensation schemes, (2) the impact of the complex on th e total nonlinear distortion induced by EDFA gain tilt and the light source. As a result , dispersion compensation optimal scheme and EDFA negative gain tilt are suggest ed as a solution to dispersion compensation and the nonlinear distortion self-c ompensation.

Perception of Nonlinear Distortion in Music Signals Reproduced by Microspeakers

A lot of work has focused on compensating nonlinear distortions ofthe microspeaker under large excitation, yet it is unclear at which levelthe effect of nonlinear distortion is imperceptible or not annoying. Inthis study virtual listening tests were performed to evaluate thedeterioration of sound quality in music signals with different levels ofnonlinear distortion by a microspeaker. Binaural recordings of themusic played by the microspeaker were made at different voltagelevels, adjusted to the same RMS power, and afterwards reproducedby a low distortion reference headphone. The “double-blind triple-stimuluswith hidden reference” method was used in the listening tests. Listenerswere required to not only discern the distortion, but also rank theseverity of the distortion. The effects of several factors includingsubject, program material and distortion level on the perceiveddistortion are discussed.

Nonlinear distortion analysis for multisine excitation constrained by power spectral density

Nonlinear distortion introduced by an amplifier when subjected to a multisine excitation decreases the measurement accuracy in many metrological and measurement areas. In this paper, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of the nonlinear distortion with the multisine excitations constrained by a constant power spectral density. We present the numerical results with respect to different tone spacings,nonlinear orders, harmonic phases and tone distributions. Moreover, three as-pects of contributions are made to further reveal the distortion mechanism. First, we find that the type Ⅱ components for Schr- oeder-phase multisines distribute uniformly but not all in anti-phase to the type I components for the second order nonlinearity. Second,we simulate the variance of the type I and Ⅱ components and their summation to explain the principle of reducing the type Ⅱ distortion by averaging the results obtained using multiple realizations of random-phase multisines. Third, we observe a special distortion distribution mechanism for the Schroeder-phase multisine excitation The results contribute to a better estima-tion and understanding of the nonlinear distortion.

Adaptive Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control for DC Power Distribution in Commercial Buildings

The developing populace and industrialization power demand prompted the requirement for power generation from elective sources.The desire for this pursuit is solid due to the ever-present common assets of petroleum deri-vatives and their predominant ecological issues.It is generally acknowledged that sustainable power sources are one of the best answers for the energy emergency.Among these,Photovoltaic(PV)sources have many benefits to bestow a very promising future.If integrated into the existing power distribution infrastructure,the solar source will be more successful,requiring efficient Direct Current(DC)-Alternating Current(AC)conversion.This paper mainly aims to improve control-lers’performance between AC/DC Energy sources and the DC loads using the Adaptive Nonlinear Sliding Mode(ANSM)control method.The proposed ANSM method efficiently controls power quality issues,such as transient response,powerflow reliability and Total Harmonics Distortion(THD).The proposed con-troller is applied for both AC/DC and DC/DC converters and the performance of the proposed controller is validated through simulation checking the above para-meters.The simulation results confirm ANSM configuration is more reliable and efficient than the existing fuzzy and sliding mode control methods.

基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题的虚单元法求解

应变-旋转(Strain-Rotation,S-R)和分解定理为分析几何非线性问题提供了合理可靠的理论基础,但用有限元求解时会遇到大变形发生后的网格畸变问题。近年提出的虚单元法(Virtual element method,VEM)适用于一般的多边形网格,因此,该文尝试使用一阶虚单元求解基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题,以克服网格畸变的影响。基于重新定义的多项式位移空间基函数,推演获得一阶虚单元分析线弹性力学问题时允许位移空间向多项式位移空间的投影表达式;按照虚单元法双线性格式的计算规则,分析处理基于更新拖带坐标法和势能率原理的增量变分方程;进而建立离散系统方程及其矩阵表达形式,并编制MATLAB求解程序;采用常规多边形网格和畸变网格,应用该文算法分析均布荷载下的悬臂梁和均匀内压下的厚壁圆筒变形。结果与已有文献和ANSYS软件的对比表明:该文算法在两种网格中均可有效执行且具备足够数值精度。总体该文算法为基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题求解提供了一种鲁棒方法。

可见光通信网络信号非线性失真自适应校正方法研究

可见光通信网络是现今通信领域中的主要构成部分之一,但其应用的物理设备(LED照明设备)具有非线性特征,致使可见光通信网络信号出现非线性失真情况,影响着用户通信的质量,故提出可见光通信网络信号非线性失真自适应校正方法研究。通过深入分析可知信号非线性失真分为非线性转换失真和非线性限幅失真,以此为基础,设计信号非线性失真校正电路(DG预失真校正电路与DP预失真校正电路),引入自适应算法制定信号非线性失真自适应校正架构,确定信号非线性失真自适应校正公式,从而实现了信号非线性失真的有效校正。实验数据显示:应用提出方法获得的信号非线性失真自适应校正结果中不存在非线性失真现象,通信信号接收误码率最小值为3%,充分证实了提出方法应用性能更加优质。

低峰均比M-APSK波形的功率放大器数字预失真仿真分析

针对新一代散射通信对通信距离、传输速率、调制波形的更高需求,对散射通信大功率放大器提出了更高要求。利用星座图分析了M-APSK的峰均比,分析了功率放大器的Volterra级数与记忆多项式两种非线性模型,设计了自适应数字预失真技术的仿真方案,并进行了M-APSK波形下的功率放大器数字预失真仿真。结果表明,功率放大器通过数字预失真可以显著改善M-APSK调制波形信号质量。

改进k-means的多域光纤通信非线性失真补偿方法

为了解决光纤通信信号在传输过程中受到非线性影响而产生的失真问题,提高光纤通信系统的稳定性,提出了改进k-means的多域光纤通信非线性失真补偿方法。构建多域光纤通信传输模型,在传输端利用波长转换器将输入信号传输到光纤,结合干扰原理线性化脉冲恢复光信号。以信噪比描述光纤通信的色散特性,明确信号交互出现非线性失真变化。通过Dijkstra方法改进k-means方法,解调失真星座,避免聚类陷入局部最优,使全部簇信号尽可能接近原始调制中心,实现失真补偿。实验结果表明:利用所提方法对光纤通信非线性失真进行补偿后,聚类效果较佳,信息误码率可降至10^(-7),有效减少了网络传输消耗,提高光纤通信信号质量。

基于模拟开关的放大器非线性失真电路设计

非线性失真是影响模拟电路性能的重要因素之一,针对顶部失真、底部失真、双向失真和交越失真四种非线性失真情况对晶体管放大电路的影响,在详细介绍非线性失真原因及总谐波失真量化评价的基础上,以STM32F103ZET6单片机为核心,设计制作了一个放大器非线性失真研究装置。该装置主要包括晶体管放大器、采集测量、微控制器等硬件电路和软件驱动。通过两级负反馈共射放大、乙类放大分别实现基本晶体管放大和四种非线性失真产生电路,利用BL1551和CD4053模拟开关控制波形输出,采用FFT算法提取总谐波失真值。经系统测试:所设计的装置可以输出不失真波形、四种非线性失真电压波形和测量显示总谐波失真系数;测试外接信号源指定信号的总谐波失真系数时,平均精度可达95%。

新工科背景下低频晶体管放大电路实验重构

针对传统晶体管放大电路实验过程中实践效果差、设计性弱、无法更好适应目前人才培养需求等问题,以新工科为背景、逆向思维为思维情景对实验内容重新设计。通过把非线性失真问题融入到放大电路中提升了实验难度,模块化实验内容可持续激励学生自主学习的积极性,量化考核指标则保证了对学生考核的客观性。通过近几学期的实验教学,学生反响良好,教学效果突出,激发了学生的学习积极性与创新能力,契合了新工科高素质工程人才培养要求。

Cascaded ELM-Based Joint Frame Synchronization and Channel Estimation over Rician Fading Channel with Hardware Imperfections

Due to the interdependency of frame synchronization(FS)and channel estimation(CE),joint FS and CE(JFSCE)schemes are proposed to enhance their functionalities and therefore boost the overall performance of wireless communication systems.Although traditional JFSCE schemes alleviate the influence between FS and CE,they show deficiencies in dealing with hardware imperfection(HI)and deterministic line-of-sight(LOS)path.To tackle this challenge,we proposed a cascaded ELM-based JFSCE to alleviate the influence of HI in the scenario of the Rician fading channel.Specifically,the conventional JFSCE method is first employed to extract the initial features,and thus forms the non-Neural Network(NN)solutions for FS and CE,respectively.Then,the ELMbased networks,named FS-NET and CE-NET,are cascaded to capture the NN solutions of FS and CE.Simulation and analysis results show that,compared with the conventional JFSCE methods,the proposed cascaded ELM-based JFSCE significantly reduces the error probability of FS and the normalized mean square error(NMSE)of CE,even against the impacts of parameter variations.

光纤法珀传感器的改进型相位生成载波法解调

为解决相位生成载波-反正切解调算法(PGC-Atan)的非线性失真问题,搭建了基于改进型PGC-Atan算法的非本征型法珀传感器(EFPI)解调系统。首先,理论分析了载波相位调制深度(C)偏离最优值、伴生调幅、载波相位延迟等非线性因素对经典PGC-Atan算法中参与反正切运算的正弦与余弦两路信号的影响。然后,针对外调制或伴生调幅较小的情况,提出了一种基于系数补偿的改进型PGC-Atan算法(PGC-CC-Atan)。该算法通过构造与C值和载波相位延迟有关的系数,消除反正切运算中的非线性参数。针对内调制情况,提出了一种基于椭圆拟合的改进型PGC-Atan算法(PGCEF-Atan)。该算法通过基于分块矩阵的最小二乘法拟合椭圆并提取3个椭圆参数,进而将受非线性因素影响的正弦与余弦两路信号校正为正交信号。最后,通过仿真验证了改进型算法的正确性,并采用高调制特性的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)和常规腔长的EFPI等搭建PGC解调系统,对比经典PGC-Atan算法与两种改进型算法的解调性能,证实了改进型算法非线性失真抑制的有效性。实验结果表明:一定C值范围内,两种改进型算法可在非线性因素影响下有效解调。PGC-EF-Atan算法相较于PGC-CC-Atan算法,解调信纳比提升了11.602 dB,总谐波失真降低了10.951%。两种改进型算法中,PGC-EF-Atan算法对非线性失真的抑制效果更好,且解调线性度良好,准确度高。

面向激光测振应用的改进相位生成载波解调算法

为了解决相位生成载波解调方案应用于激光测振技术时,系统中存在的非线性失真问题,提出一种改进相位生成载波解调算法。该算法采用低频、大幅值的相位调制和迭代重加权椭圆特殊拟合对两路含有非线性误差的正交信号进行校正以抑制非线性失真。其中,低频相位调制由三角波信号驱动压电换能器生成,确保小信号情况下椭圆拟合结果的准确性。迭代重加权椭圆特殊拟合可以减小离群数据的影响并避免拟合结果退化为双曲线,具有精度高、鲁棒性好和计算效率高的优点。实验结果表明改进相位生成载波解调算法可以有效抑制激光测振实验系统的非线性失真,在不同相位调制深度(0.8~3.4 rad)下解调信号的信纳比和总谐波失真稳定,对应的标准差分别为0.55 dB和0.03%。系统的响应线性度优于99.99%,动态范围可达103.9 dB@500 Hz,总谐波失真为1%且工作频宽为20~8000 Hz。与传统相位生成载波解调方案相比,该算法不仅显著抑制了非线性失真,还克服了椭圆拟合算法在小信号下无法工作的缺点。

LED非线性幅度分解多项式预失真

【目的】作为光信号发生器,发光二极管(LED)在可见光通信(VLC)系统中的关键作用不可忽视。然而,LED的静态非线性和频率响应问题经常引发VLC系统的信号失真和性能下降,迫切需要寻找创新的补偿方法。基于此,文章提出了一种前瞻性的解决方案。【方法】文章采用预失真方法进行VLC系统的非线性估计和补偿。文章详细分析了当前已有的相关解决方案,并将焦点放在LED非线性建模上,提出了一种基于幅度分解多项式(AFP)的自适应预失真器,旨在有效地弥补LED的非线性。【结果】数值仿真表明,文章所提方案在误码率(BER)、幅度调制/幅度调制(AM/AM)矫正和星座图性能方面表现出色。相对于传统的记忆多项式,文章所提方法具备更高的建模精度,归一化均方误差性能降低了15 dB以上。【结论】文章证明了基于AFP的自适应预失真器作为LED非线性补偿的有效性,提高了VLC系统的性能,而且为解决LED的静态非线性和频率响应问题提供了可行的解决途径。

大幅面3D打印边缘能量均匀化畸变消除

在基于掩膜投影的CLIP型3D打印工艺中,通过平铺多台投影设备扩大成型幅面时,重叠区域像素亮度的叠加产生的光学接缝会导致模型实体在该处产生畸变,影响成型质量。针对该问题提出一种边缘能量均匀化方案,通过非线性衰减的方式设计一组对称灰度虚拟掩膜,与相邻设备的切分掩膜图像相融合,矫正重叠区域的紫外光强,使整个印刷平面获得均匀且统一的紫外曝光能。实际打印结果表明,该方案能够有效改善模型实体在光固化成型中切片薄层固化厚度不均和拼接处易断裂的问题,模型实体整体质量有明显提高。

面向工业机器人的非线性手眼标定方法研究

手眼标定是机器人视觉领域中的一个关键技术,主要包括眼在手上和眼在手外两种标定方式。标定的目的是得到相机坐标系与机器人坐标系之间的位姿关系,根据相机获取的图像重构三维场景,求出两个坐标系之间的转换参数,其结果将直接影响到机器人精准作业。受当前镜头工艺水平和机器误差限制,相机采集的图像存在非线性畸变,原有的手眼标定方法存在精确度不足的缺点。针对这个问题,文中提出面向工业机器人的非线性手眼标定方法,通过卷积原理使矩阵参数适应镜头下不同区域畸变的方法,减小相机镜头畸变影响。通过实验验证表明,该方法能够提高手眼标定结果的精确度,标定后的平均误差为0.4 mm,稳定性更强,可满足更多场景需求。

无额外自由度广义有限元扭曲网格仿真研究

研究了无额外自由度广义有限元方法在扭曲网格中仿真的健壮性。使用选择插值最小二乘方法构造的强化函数与额外自由度和网格无关。这使得此方法在避免了刚度阵奇异的同时,还拥有了对网格扭曲的鲁棒性。推导证明并展示了,无额外自由度广义有限元近似函数在扭曲网格中仍具有完美再生性。分别采用了规整和扭曲的网格对超弹性和亚弹-塑性两种材料进行了大变形仿真,在仿真中同时考虑了几何和材料的非线性,并将此方法同传统的线性有限元方法做了对比。三个典型仿真结果表明,所采用方法在扭曲网格中仍具有良好的准确性和收敛稳定性。

Digital cancellation of multi-band passive inter-modulation based on Wiener-Hammerstein model

Utilizing multi-band and multi-carrier techniques enhances throughput and capacity in Long-Term Evolution(LTE)-Advanced and 5G New Radio(NR)mobile networks.However,these techniques introduce Passive Inter-Modulation(PIM)interference in Frequency-Division Duplexing(FDD)systems.In this paper,a novel multi-band Wiener-Hammerstein model is presented to digitally reconstruct PIM interference signals,thereby achieving effective PIM Cancellation(PIMC)in multi-band scenarios.In the model,transmitted signals are independently processed to simulate Inter-Modulation Distortions(IMDs)and Cross-Modulation Distortions(CMDs).Furthermore,the Finite Impulse Response(FIR)filter,basis function generation,and B-spline function are applied for precise PIM product estimation and generation in multi-band scenarios.Simulations involving 4 carrier components from diverse NR frequency bands at varying transmitting powers validate the feasibility of the model for multi-band PIMC,achieving up to 19 dB in PIMC performance.Compared to other models,this approach offers superior PIMC performance,exceeding them by more than 5 dB in high transmitting power scenarios.Additionally,its lower sampling rate requirement reduces the hardware complexity associated with implementing multi-band PIMC.