In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of nontraditional mineral resources, and propose the major system of nontraditional mineral resources, including nontraditional resources, research methods, mining and ...In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of nontraditional mineral resources, and propose the major system of nontraditional mineral resources, including nontraditional resources, research methods, mining and mineral economics. Then the authors conclude that the research on nontraditional mineral resources is not only significant to satisfication the human needs in the 21st century, but also important to the development of the present geological theory.展开更多
Nontraditional resources refer to that potential mineral resources are unconsidered and unutilized under actual condition of technique, economic and environment, or some mineral resources are too difficult to find bec...Nontraditional resources refer to that potential mineral resources are unconsidered and unutilized under actual condition of technique, economic and environment, or some mineral resources are too difficult to find because of geological complexity. There are some signified problems about discovery and exploration of nontraditional mineral resources to be discussed in this paper. It is a very significant project next century, and makes development bases for offspring, which its research and practice the theory of nontraditional mineral resources need interactive combination.展开更多
The nontraditional mining industry is an important part of nontraditional mineral resources projects. It is a new mining industry focusing on the application of new science and technology, producing high value added ...The nontraditional mining industry is an important part of nontraditional mineral resources projects. It is a new mining industry focusing on the application of new science and technology, producing high value added outputs, offering comprehensive services, protecting the environment and saving energy sources. This paper discusses main principles of two kinds of nontraditional miming technology: the drilling hydraulic fracturing and drilling hydraulic mining applied to the coalbed methane production. Furthermore, this paper introduces the characteristics and application of these two kinds of technology.展开更多
The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials,such as titanium alloys,high-temperature alloys,metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites,hard and brittle materials,and geometrically complex components,su...The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials,such as titanium alloys,high-temperature alloys,metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites,hard and brittle materials,and geometrically complex components,such as thin-walled structures,microchannels,and complex surfaces.Mechanical machining is the main material removal process for the vast majority of aerospace components.However,many problems exist,including severe and rapid tool wear,low machining efficiency,and poor surface integrity.Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining is a hybrid process that uses nontraditional energies(vibration,laser,electricity,etc)to improve the machinability of local materials and decrease the burden of mechanical machining.This provides a feasible and promising method to improve the material removal rate and surface quality,reduce process forces,and prolong tool life.However,systematic reviews of this technology are lacking with respect to the current research status and development direction.This paper reviews the recent progress in the nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in the aerospace community.In addition,this paper focuses on the processing principles,material responses under nontraditional energy,resultant forces and temperatures,material removal mechanisms,and applications of these processes,including vibration-,laser-,electric-,magnetic-,chemical-,advanced coolant-,and hybrid nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining.Finally,a comprehensive summary of the principles,advantages,and limitations of each hybrid process is provided,and future perspectives on forward design,device development,and sustainability of nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining processes are discussed.展开更多
New changes are taking place in nontraditional security fields,characterized by the increase in confrontation and conflict,the intensification of threats,and diversification.The interconnectivity,unpredictability,and ...New changes are taking place in nontraditional security fields,characterized by the increase in confrontation and conflict,the intensification of threats,and diversification.The interconnectivity,unpredictability,and transmissibility of nontraditional security threats are unprecedented.The emergence and even perpetuation of the above-mentioned new features are both attributed to objective factors,such as social development,ideological shifts,and scientific and technological advancement,and are closely related to the moves of certain major countries to instigate the so-called remarkable power competition recklessly and boost geopolitical contest.The rapid resurgence of securitization in global politics is hidden behind the rise of nontraditional security threats.Nontraditional security issues have generally entered a dynamic phase,which exerts an impact on the international security environment and the global landscape.A growing number of countries have emphasized on the realistic and urgent threat of nontraditional security challenges to their national security.These countries have tended to achieve traditional security goals via nontraditional means and tackle nontraditional security challenges with traditional mindsets.Thus,the boundary between traditional and nontraditional security issues is increasingly blurred.The methodology that dichotomizes traditional and nontraditional security issues may no longer be useful during assessments of major threats confronting national security.The connotations of peace and war have significantly changed in the new era.Distinguishing"hot"security issues from"cold"ones or traditional security issues from nontraditional ones is difficult.Such distinction requires consideration of all security issues when recognizing and addressing national security challenges.Thus,these increasingly complex security issues must be analyzed within a wide context of the oncein-a-century changes occurring worldwide and China should pursue a holistic approach to national security as a fundamental principle in response to various threats.展开更多
In this paper the authors introduce their past years’study results about the exploitation and application of three sorts of nontraditional nonmetal minerals. In this research, the main aspects and techniques of basic...In this paper the authors introduce their past years’study results about the exploitation and application of three sorts of nontraditional nonmetal minerals. In this research, the main aspects and techniques of basic study for the exploitation and application are summarized, and some key science and technological problems are proposed as the objects of their future research.展开更多
Issues in industrialization of RFPE (Reference Free Part Encapsulation) are discussed in this paper. The issues technique. A new method - adaptable location system (ATLS) is presented in this paper. ATLS consists of a...Issues in industrialization of RFPE (Reference Free Part Encapsulation) are discussed in this paper. The issues technique. A new method - adaptable location system (ATLS) is presented in this paper. ATLS consists of an array of pins which are controlled manually or automatically by an actuator. The actuation force comes from a shape memory alloy (SMA). Material properties of filler are very important for RFPE. The experiment has shown that machining error can be reduced by using conservative cutting parameters. Based on finite element analysis, the relationship between the deformation of the workpiece, the filler and the machining parameters has been achieved. A new approach, partial cage with active side wall (PCASW), allows machine tools to easily access any feature of the workpiece from different directions. It is convenient for every new setup.展开更多
Space-time disease cluster detection assists in conducting disease surveillance and implementing control strategies.The state-of-the-art method for this kind of problem is the Space-time Scan Statistics(SaTScan)which ...Space-time disease cluster detection assists in conducting disease surveillance and implementing control strategies.The state-of-the-art method for this kind of problem is the Space-time Scan Statistics(SaTScan)which has limitations for non-traditional/non-clinical data sources due to its parametric model assumptions such as Poisson orGaussian counts.Addressing this problem,an Eigenspace-based method called Multi-EigenSpot has recently been proposed as a nonparametric solution.However,it is based on the population counts data which are not always available in the least developed countries.In addition,the population counts are difficult to approximate for some surveillance data such as emergency department visits and over-the-counter drug sales,where the catchment area for each hospital/pharmacy is undefined.We extend the population-based Multi-EigenSpot method to approximate the potential disease clusters from the observed/reported disease counts only with no need for the population counts.The proposed adaptation uses an estimator of expected disease count that does not depend on the population counts.The proposed method was evaluated on the real-world dataset and the results were compared with the population-based methods:Multi-EigenSpot and SaTScan.The result shows that the proposed adaptation is effective in approximating the important outputs of the population-based methods.展开更多
Because of several advantages, such as no tool wear, independence on the mechanical properties of the material, and high machining efficiency, electrochemical machining(ECM) has become a viable method for machining co...Because of several advantages, such as no tool wear, independence on the mechanical properties of the material, and high machining efficiency, electrochemical machining(ECM) has become a viable method for machining components in numerous industrial applications, particularly in the manufacture of typical aero-engine components with complex structures fabricated from materials that are difficult to cut. This paper highlights the current developments, new trends, and technological advances of key factors of ECM, such as electrochemical dissolution characteristics of novel difficult to cut materials which are often used in aero-engine, numerical simulation of electrochemical process, design for the complex profile and structure of cathode tool, flow field simulation and design for uniform electrolyte flow, and innovation of electrochemical machining or hybrid methods which reflect the state of the art in academic and industrial research on electrochemical machining in aero-engine manufacturing.展开更多
A new process and technology of rapid prototyping for a μ-micro motor is presented as a nontraditional machining and an advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) to be realized by using masks, including the operation p...A new process and technology of rapid prototyping for a μ-micro motor is presented as a nontraditional machining and an advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) to be realized by using masks, including the operation principle of the motor, structure design, technique, driven circuit, and quality examination with Raman spectrum. The μ-micro motor is fabricated by the micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) process, the structure design must be considered to fabricate or assembly the parts during machining the motor in the meantime. The research proved that integration of IC (integrated circuit) process and MEMS using masks is effective in obtaining the rapid prototyping manufacturing of the μ-micro motor. With the mature technique to fabricate the motor, there are advantages to produce the motor in short time and with lower cost than before. The motor is a common power source of micro machines in military and civilian applications, for example, applied to micro robot, micro bio medicine, and micro machine. The size of the motor is 190 μm in maximum diameter by 125 μm in height that is bulk machined in array with the number of hundreds of micro motors on a substrate.展开更多
基金This paper is supported by"2 11Project"of China U niversity of Geosciences
文摘In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of nontraditional mineral resources, and propose the major system of nontraditional mineral resources, including nontraditional resources, research methods, mining and mineral economics. Then the authors conclude that the research on nontraditional mineral resources is not only significant to satisfication the human needs in the 21st century, but also important to the development of the present geological theory.
文摘Nontraditional resources refer to that potential mineral resources are unconsidered and unutilized under actual condition of technique, economic and environment, or some mineral resources are too difficult to find because of geological complexity. There are some signified problems about discovery and exploration of nontraditional mineral resources to be discussed in this paper. It is a very significant project next century, and makes development bases for offspring, which its research and practice the theory of nontraditional mineral resources need interactive combination.
文摘The nontraditional mining industry is an important part of nontraditional mineral resources projects. It is a new mining industry focusing on the application of new science and technology, producing high value added outputs, offering comprehensive services, protecting the environment and saving energy sources. This paper discusses main principles of two kinds of nontraditional miming technology: the drilling hydraulic fracturing and drilling hydraulic mining applied to the coalbed methane production. Furthermore, this paper introduces the characteristics and application of these two kinds of technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075255,92160301,52175415,52205475,and 92060203)。
文摘The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials,such as titanium alloys,high-temperature alloys,metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites,hard and brittle materials,and geometrically complex components,such as thin-walled structures,microchannels,and complex surfaces.Mechanical machining is the main material removal process for the vast majority of aerospace components.However,many problems exist,including severe and rapid tool wear,low machining efficiency,and poor surface integrity.Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining is a hybrid process that uses nontraditional energies(vibration,laser,electricity,etc)to improve the machinability of local materials and decrease the burden of mechanical machining.This provides a feasible and promising method to improve the material removal rate and surface quality,reduce process forces,and prolong tool life.However,systematic reviews of this technology are lacking with respect to the current research status and development direction.This paper reviews the recent progress in the nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in the aerospace community.In addition,this paper focuses on the processing principles,material responses under nontraditional energy,resultant forces and temperatures,material removal mechanisms,and applications of these processes,including vibration-,laser-,electric-,magnetic-,chemical-,advanced coolant-,and hybrid nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining.Finally,a comprehensive summary of the principles,advantages,and limitations of each hybrid process is provided,and future perspectives on forward design,device development,and sustainability of nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining processes are discussed.
文摘New changes are taking place in nontraditional security fields,characterized by the increase in confrontation and conflict,the intensification of threats,and diversification.The interconnectivity,unpredictability,and transmissibility of nontraditional security threats are unprecedented.The emergence and even perpetuation of the above-mentioned new features are both attributed to objective factors,such as social development,ideological shifts,and scientific and technological advancement,and are closely related to the moves of certain major countries to instigate the so-called remarkable power competition recklessly and boost geopolitical contest.The rapid resurgence of securitization in global politics is hidden behind the rise of nontraditional security threats.Nontraditional security issues have generally entered a dynamic phase,which exerts an impact on the international security environment and the global landscape.A growing number of countries have emphasized on the realistic and urgent threat of nontraditional security challenges to their national security.These countries have tended to achieve traditional security goals via nontraditional means and tackle nontraditional security challenges with traditional mindsets.Thus,the boundary between traditional and nontraditional security issues is increasingly blurred.The methodology that dichotomizes traditional and nontraditional security issues may no longer be useful during assessments of major threats confronting national security.The connotations of peace and war have significantly changed in the new era.Distinguishing"hot"security issues from"cold"ones or traditional security issues from nontraditional ones is difficult.Such distinction requires consideration of all security issues when recognizing and addressing national security challenges.Thus,these increasingly complex security issues must be analyzed within a wide context of the oncein-a-century changes occurring worldwide and China should pursue a holistic approach to national security as a fundamental principle in response to various threats.
文摘In this paper the authors introduce their past years’study results about the exploitation and application of three sorts of nontraditional nonmetal minerals. In this research, the main aspects and techniques of basic study for the exploitation and application are summarized, and some key science and technological problems are proposed as the objects of their future research.
基金China's high technology development plan(2001AA421260)
文摘Issues in industrialization of RFPE (Reference Free Part Encapsulation) are discussed in this paper. The issues technique. A new method - adaptable location system (ATLS) is presented in this paper. ATLS consists of an array of pins which are controlled manually or automatically by an actuator. The actuation force comes from a shape memory alloy (SMA). Material properties of filler are very important for RFPE. The experiment has shown that machining error can be reduced by using conservative cutting parameters. Based on finite element analysis, the relationship between the deformation of the workpiece, the filler and the machining parameters has been achieved. A new approach, partial cage with active side wall (PCASW), allows machine tools to easily access any feature of the workpiece from different directions. It is convenient for every new setup.
基金This article was funded by a Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)from the Ministry of Education,Malaysia(Ref:FRGS/1/2018/STG06/UTP/02/1)a Yayasan Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS-Fundamental Research Grant(cost center of 015LC0-013)received by Hanita Daud,URLs:https://www.mohe.gov.my/en/initiatives-2/187-program-utama/penyelidikan/548-research-grants-informationhttps://www.utp.edu.my/yayasan/Pages/default.aspx.
文摘Space-time disease cluster detection assists in conducting disease surveillance and implementing control strategies.The state-of-the-art method for this kind of problem is the Space-time Scan Statistics(SaTScan)which has limitations for non-traditional/non-clinical data sources due to its parametric model assumptions such as Poisson orGaussian counts.Addressing this problem,an Eigenspace-based method called Multi-EigenSpot has recently been proposed as a nonparametric solution.However,it is based on the population counts data which are not always available in the least developed countries.In addition,the population counts are difficult to approximate for some surveillance data such as emergency department visits and over-the-counter drug sales,where the catchment area for each hospital/pharmacy is undefined.We extend the population-based Multi-EigenSpot method to approximate the potential disease clusters from the observed/reported disease counts only with no need for the population counts.The proposed adaptation uses an estimator of expected disease count that does not depend on the population counts.The proposed method was evaluated on the real-world dataset and the results were compared with the population-based methods:Multi-EigenSpot and SaTScan.The result shows that the proposed adaptation is effective in approximating the important outputs of the population-based methods.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20170031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. NE2014104)。
文摘Because of several advantages, such as no tool wear, independence on the mechanical properties of the material, and high machining efficiency, electrochemical machining(ECM) has become a viable method for machining components in numerous industrial applications, particularly in the manufacture of typical aero-engine components with complex structures fabricated from materials that are difficult to cut. This paper highlights the current developments, new trends, and technological advances of key factors of ECM, such as electrochemical dissolution characteristics of novel difficult to cut materials which are often used in aero-engine, numerical simulation of electrochemical process, design for the complex profile and structure of cathode tool, flow field simulation and design for uniform electrolyte flow, and innovation of electrochemical machining or hybrid methods which reflect the state of the art in academic and industrial research on electrochemical machining in aero-engine manufacturing.
基金Supported by Foundation of Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Xiamen University (No. Y03001)
文摘A new process and technology of rapid prototyping for a μ-micro motor is presented as a nontraditional machining and an advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) to be realized by using masks, including the operation principle of the motor, structure design, technique, driven circuit, and quality examination with Raman spectrum. The μ-micro motor is fabricated by the micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) process, the structure design must be considered to fabricate or assembly the parts during machining the motor in the meantime. The research proved that integration of IC (integrated circuit) process and MEMS using masks is effective in obtaining the rapid prototyping manufacturing of the μ-micro motor. With the mature technique to fabricate the motor, there are advantages to produce the motor in short time and with lower cost than before. The motor is a common power source of micro machines in military and civilian applications, for example, applied to micro robot, micro bio medicine, and micro machine. The size of the motor is 190 μm in maximum diameter by 125 μm in height that is bulk machined in array with the number of hundreds of micro motors on a substrate.