Relationship of inflammatory indices with left atrial appendage thrombus or spontaneous echo contrast in patients with atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND Inflammatory indices derived from complete blood tests have been reported to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).The data about the relationship between inflammatory indices and left atrial appendage thrombus(LAAT)or dense spontaneous echo contrast(SEC)are limited.AIM To explore the value of inflammatory indices for predicting the presence of LAAT or dense SEC in nonvalvular AF patients.METHODS A total of 406 patients with nonvalvular AF who underwent transesophageal echocardiography were included and divided into two groups based on the presence(study group)or absence(control group)of LAAT or dense SEC.Inflammatory indices,including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet–tolymphocyte ratio(PLR),and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR),were calculated from complete blood analysis.The associations of inflammatory indices RESULTS LAAT and dense SEC were detected in 11(2.7%)and 42(10.3%)patients,respectively.The PLR only showed an association with LAAT/dense SEC in the univariate model.Elevated NLR(odds ratio[OR]=1.48,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.11-1.98,P=0.007)and reduced LMR(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.83,P=0.003)were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of LAAT/dense SEC.The areas under the NLR and LMR curves for predicting LAAT/dense SEC were 0.73(95%CI:0.66-0.80,P<0.001)and 0.73(95%CI:0.65-0.81,P<0.001),respectively,while the cutoff values were 2.8(sensitivity:69.8%;specificity:64.0%)and 2.4(sensitivity:71.7%;specificity:60.6%),respectively.CONCLUSION Increased NLR and decreased LMR may predict LAAT/dense SEC in patients with nonvalvular AF.

Coronary sinus reentrant tachycardia after atrial fibrillation ablation: From bad to worse

Herein we present a case of atrial tachycardia as a sequel of AF ablations. A 42-year-old man was admitted to our department because of a very symptomatic tachycardia. The patient, because of paroxysmal AF and typical atrial flutter, had been already submitted (three times) to ablation procedures in both left (pulmonary vein insulation) and right atria (cavo-tricuspidal isthmus). During the electrophysiological study, a huge and very fast atrial tachycardia was induced: 230 ms cycle length, 1/1 atrio-ventricular conduction with the ventricular rate of 260 bpm, complete left bundle branch block, and clinically recognized by the patient. Four minutes later, a 2/1 AV conduction without branch block permitted mapping and ablation. A high-density mapping around isthmus and coronary sinus (CS) was performed. The analysis of the chronological activation clearly showed a circuit propagation around the CS ostium with a very slow conduction in the anterior zone enlightened by the tight color progression, and counterclockwise activation of the right atrium lateral wall. In anterior zone of CS ostium diastolic fragmented electrograms were detected. After preventing his position localization, radiofrequency delivering (35 W) was effective to interrupt the arrhythmia in 3 seconds. Energy delivering was continued to anchor the lesion to the inferior vena cava. Confirmation of successful ablation was determined by unsuccessful attempts at reinduction of the arrhythmia, in basal state and during infusion of isoproterenol.

Novel therapies for treating atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is a major risk factor for stroke, heart failure, and death. Current treatments focus on anti-coagulation as well as rate-control and rhythm-control strategies. Frequent INR checks associated with warfarin along with several adverse side effects of anti-arrhythmics have propelled investigations into novel treatments for atrial fibrillation. Research is focused not only on pioneering new pharmacological antico- agulation and anti-arrhythmic agents but also on improving surgical techniques in hopes of treating the arrhythmia. Here, we first briefly discuss the current treatment options, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, for atrial fibrillation. We then present a focused review of recent animal and human investigations that examine the use of novel an-ticoagulation agents, mechanisms of new anti-arrhythmics, analyze potential triggers of atrial fibrillation, and highlight the role of genetics in atrial fibrillation.

Repeated atrial arrhythmia induced by cochineal red poisoning:A case report

BACKGROUND Cochineal red is an organic compound widely used in food,cosmetics,pharmaceuticals,textiles,and other fields due to its excellent safety profile.Poisoning caused by eating foods containing cochineal red is rare,and repeated atrial arrhythmia due to cochineal red poisoning is even rarer.CASE SUMMARY An 88-year-old Asian female patient was admitted to hospital due to a disturbance of consciousness.Twelve hours prior to presentation,the patient consumed 12 eggs containing cochineal red over a period of 2 h.At presentation,the patient was in a coma and had a score of 6 on the Glasgow Coma Scale(E2+VT+M4).The patient’s skin and mucous membranes were pink.Electrocardiography(ECG)revealed rapid atrial fibrillation without any signs of ischemia.We prescribed cedilan and fluid replacement for arrhythmia correction.Shortly after admission,the atrial fibrillation corrected to a normal sinus rhythm.On the day 2 of admission,the patient had a sudden atrial flutter accompanied by hemodynamic instability and rapidly declining arterial oxygen saturation between 85%and 90%.The sinus rhythm returned to normal after two electrical cardioversions.Six days after admission,the skin color of the patient returned to normal,and the ECG results were normal.The patient was transferred out of the intensive care unit and eventually discharged after 12 d in hospital.At the 2-mo follow-up visit,the patient was in good health with no recurrence of arrhythmia.CONCLUSION Although cochineal red is a safe,natural food additive,excessive consumption or occupational exposure can induce cardiac arrhythmias.

Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Risk Stratification for Left Atrial or Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus Formation in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Background：Metabolic syndrome （MS） is a risk factor for stroke and thromboembolism event.Left atrial or LA appendage （LA/LAA） thrombus is a surrogate of potential stroke.The relationship between MS and atrial thrombus remains unclear.In this study,we sought to investigate the effect of MS on risk stratification of LA/LAA thrombus formation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation （NVAF）.Methods：This cross-sectional study enrolled 294 consecutive NVAF patients without prior anticoagulant and lipid-lowering therapies.LA/LAA thrombus was determined by transesophageal echocardiography.Risk assessment of LA/LAA thrombus was performed using the CHADS2,CHA2DS2-VASc,MS,CHADS2-MS,and CHA2DS2-VASc-MS scores.Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine which factors were significantly related to LA/LAA thrombus.Odds ratio （OR） including 95% confidence interval was also calculated.The predictive powers of different scores for the risk of LA/LAA thrombus were represented by C-statistics and compared by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） analysis.Results：LA/LAA thrombi were identified in 56 patients （19.0%）.Logistic analysis showed that MS was the strongest risk factor for LA/LAA thrombus in NVAF patients （OR =14.698,P 〈 0.001）.ROC curve analyses revealed that the C-statistics of CHADS2-MS and CHA2DS2-VASc-MS was significantly higher than those of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores （CHADS2-MS vs.CHADS2,0.807 vs.0.726,P=0.0019）.Furthermore,MS was helpful for identifying individuals with a high risk of LA/LAA thrombus in the population with a low risk of stroke （CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc score =0）.Conclusions：MS is associated with LA/LAA thrombus risk in patients with NVAF.In addition to the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores,the CHADS2-MS and CHA2DS2-VASc-MS scores provide additional information on stroke risk assessment.

Whether Warfarin Therapy is Associated with Damage on Renal Function in Chinese Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Background： Warfarin is the most common oral anticoagulant to decrease the stroke risk associated with atrial fibrillation （AF）. There are very few prospective studies that have explored whether warfarin has an association with damage on renal function in Chinese patients with nonvalvular AF （NVAF）. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of warfarin on renal function and study the factors associated with kidney dysfunction in Chinese adult NVAF patients without dialysis therapy. Methods： From January 2011 to December 2013, a total of 951 NVAF patients from 18 hospitals were enrolled. The estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） was calculated from baseline and fbllow-up serum creatinine levels. Kaplan-Meier survival curves compared the survival of a 〉25% decline in eGFR （hereafter, endpoint）~ while Cox models estimated hazard ratios （HRs） and 95% confidence intervals for this event after adjustment for age, gender, and selected potential risk factors for renal dysfunction. Cox regression analysis of the various clinical potential variables was performed to identify the predictors of a -〉25% decline in eGFR. Results： After a 58-month follow-up, 951 NVAF patients were divided by observation into warfarin （n = 655） and no anticoagulation groups （n = 296） and 120 （12.6%） patients experienced renal endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival period was not different in the two groups （χ2 = 0.178, log-rank P = 0.67）, but patients with systolic blood pressure （SBP） 〈140 mmHg have significant difference with patients with SBP ≥140 mmHg （χ2 = 4.903, log-rank P = 0.03）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed baseline eGFR and SBP as independent predictors of the endpoint, with HRs of 1.00, and 1.02, respectively. Conclusion： In patients with NVAF, eGFR and SBP are associated with the deterioration of kidney function while Warfarin is not the risk factor of the ≥25% decline in eGFR.

Transesophageal cardioversion of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation using an electric balloon electrode system

Objective To determine the feasibility and efficiency of terminating atrial flutter (AFL) and atrial fibrillation (AF) using synchronous low-energy shocks delivered through a novel transesophageal electric balloon electrode system.Methods By using a novel electric balloon electrode system, we attempted 91 transesophageal cardioversions in 52 patients, to treat 53 episodes of AFL and 38 episodes of AF.Results Of the 40 patients of AFL that failed to respond to drug therapy, 37 (92. 5%) were successfully countershocked to sinus rhythm by transesophageal cardioversion, with a mean energy of (22. 70 ?4. 50) J (20 - 30 J). Of the 19 patients in AF, transesophageal cardioversion was successful in 16 (84. 2%) cases, requiring a mean delivered energy of (17. 38±8. 58) J (3 -30 J). There were no complications such as heart block or ventricular fibrillation, and no evidence of esophageal injury.Conclusions Transesophageal cardioversion using an electric balloon electrode system is an effective and feasible method for the treatment of AFL and AF. It requires low energy and no anesthesia, leads to less trauma, and shows a high cardioversion success rate that may prove valuable in the management of tachyarrhythmias.

Anticoagulation therapy in Chinese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation： a prospective, multi-center, randomized, controlled study

Background Non-valvular atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke; however, the appropriate intensity of anticoagulation therapy for Chinese patients has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and the efficacy of standard-intensity warfarin therapy, low-intensity warfarin therapy, and aspirin therapy for the prevention of ischemic events in Chinese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation （NVAF）. Methods A total of 786 patients from 75 Chinese hospitals were enrolled in this study and randomized into three therapy groups： standard-intensity warfarin （international normalized ratio （INR） 2.1 to 2.5） group, low-intensity warfarin （INR 1.6 to 2.0） group and aspirin （200 mg per day） group. All patients were evaluated by physicians at 1,3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months after randomization to obtain a patient questionnaire, physical examination and related laboratory tests. Results The annual event rates of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack （TIA） or systemic thromboembolism were 2.6%, 3.1% and 6.9% in the standard-intensity warfarin, low-intensity warfarin and aspirin groups, respectively （P=0.027）. Thromboembolic event rates in both warfarin groups were significantly lower than that in the aspirin group （P=0.018, P=0.044）, and there was no significant difference between the two warfarin groups. Severe hemorrhagic events occurred in 15 patients, 7 （2.6%） in the standard-intensity warfarin group, 7 （2.4%） in the low-intensity warfarin group and 1 （0.4%） in the aspirin group. The severe hemorrhagic event rates in the warfarin groups were higher than that in the aspirin group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance （P=0.101）. The mild hemorrhagic and total hemorrhagic event rates in the warfarin groups （whether in the standard-intensity warfarin group or low-intensity warfarin group） were much higher than that in the aspirin group with the annual event rates of total hemorrhages of 10.2%, 7.6% and 2.2%, respectively, in the 3 groups （P=0.001）. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in all cause mortality among the three study groups. Conclusion In Chinese patients with NVAF, the warfarin therapy （INR 1.6-2.5） for the prevention of thromboembolic events was superior to aspirin.

Peripheral leukocyte count and risk of bleeding in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation taking dabigatran: a real-world study

Background: The association between peripheral leukocyte count and bleeding events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients treated with dabigatran remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between leukocyte count and bleeding events after excluding other confounders in NVAF patients taking dabigatran. Methods: A total of 851 NVAF patients treated with dabigatran (110 mg bid) were recruited from 12 centers in China from February 2015 to December 2017. Follow-up was completed by May 2018. The exposure and outcome variables were leukocyte count measured at baseline and the number of bleeding events within the subsequent 6 months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to analyze independent associations, and a Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method) was used to address nonlinearity between leukocyte count and bleeding. The inflection point was calculated using a recursive algorithm, and then a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model for both sides of the inflection point was constructed. Results: During 6-month follow-up, 87 participants occurred bleeding events. For every 1×10^9/L increase in leukocyte count, the risk of bleeding increased by 11%(hazard ratio [HR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–1.25). The smooth curve showed nonlinear relationship between leukocyte count and bleeding events. The inflection point of the leukocyte count was 6.75×10^9/L. For leukocyte counts < 6.75×10^9/L, the HR (95% CI) was 0.88 (0.69–1.13), and for leukocyte counts ≥ 6.75×10^9/L, the HR (95% CI) was 1.28 (1.09–1.51). Conclusion: This study found a J-shaped association between baseline leukocyte count and risk of bleeding in NVAF patients treated with dabigatran.

共病及衰弱对高龄心房颤动患者抗凝治疗依从性的影响

目的:观察共病及衰弱对高龄(≥75岁)心房颤动(房颤)患者抗凝治疗依从性的影响。方法:回顾性选取2016年10月至2019年10月期间于北京大学第三医院老年内科住院的≥75岁非瓣膜性房颤患者528例,其中接受抗凝治疗患者443例(83.9%)。443例患者的平均年龄为(84.72±5.39)岁。443例老年房颤患者均接受栓塞风险(CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分)和出血风险(HAS-BLED、ATRIA评分)评估,并应用衰弱指数量表和年龄校正Charlson共病指数(ACCI)对患者进行评估。衰弱指数≥3分为衰弱,衰弱指数1~2分为衰弱前期;ACCI≥5分为多重共病(高共病负荷)。对出院后接受抗凝治疗的患者进行1年门诊随访,以出院后患者是否停药进行分组比较,观察患者用药依从性并分析其原因。结果:443例老年房颤患者均接受栓塞风险和出血风险评估,CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分为(5.61±1.57)分,HAS-BLED评分为(3.08±0.89)分,ATRIA评分为(4.13±1.90)分。衰弱指数量表评估显示,所有患者均处于衰弱期或衰弱前期,ACCI平均值为(5.73±1.51)分。随访1年后停用抗凝治疗的患者为96例(21.67%),衰弱(OR=1.114,95%CI:1.041~1.205,P=0.003)、高共病负荷(OR=3.201,95%CI:2.126~4.509,P=0.001)及ATRIA评分定义的高出血风险(ATRIA评分≥5分,OR=1.457,95%CI:1.212~2.075,P=0.024)是用药依从性的影响因素。如果仅观察非死亡所致停药原因,HAS-BLED评分定义的高出血风险(HAS-BLED评分≥3分,OR=1.098,95%CI:1.035~1.116,P=0.014)和应用华法林(OR=1.015,95%CI:1.001~1.030,P=0.040)也是用药依从性的影响因素。结论:高龄(≥75岁)房颤患者出院后抗凝治疗的依从性受衰弱、高共病负荷和ATRIA评分定义的高出血风险评分的影响较为明显。若除外死亡事件,HAS-BLED评分定义的高出血风险和应用华法林也是患者停止抗凝治疗的影响因素。

无水乙醇注射Marshall静脉消融二尖瓣峡部的效果观察

目的:评估无水乙醇注射Marshall静脉(vein of Marshall,VOM)在持续性心房扑动(简称房扑)、心房颤动(简称房颤)二尖瓣峡部线性消融中的有效性和安全性。方法:收集2019年9月—2020年5月上海市胸科医院采用射频消融+无水乙醇注射VOM治疗持续性房扑、房颤患者72例(VOM组)的临床资料,同时选择采用左房线性消融治疗持续性房扑、房颤患者72例作为对照(对照组)。入选患者均行二尖瓣峡部线性消融手术,术中验证二尖瓣峡部线阻断情况,术后随访房性心律失常和心包积液发生情况,均随访12个月以上。结果:VOM组术中验证二尖瓣峡部线阻断63例,其中需要联合心内和心外膜补点消融达到二尖瓣峡部线14例,未能阻断二尖瓣峡部线9例。对照组术中验证二尖瓣峡部线53例,未能阻断19例。随访12~20个月,VOM组房性心律失常复发20例,而对照组房性心律失常复发30例。结论:在持续性房扑、房颤消融治疗中,经VOM行无水乙醇注射能有效阻断二尖瓣峡部线性传导,有助于提高二尖瓣峡部线成功率,减少房颤消融术中二尖瓣峡部相关的房扑发生率,且不增加严重并发症的发生率。

不同剂量艾多沙班对非瓣膜性老年房颤患者肝肾功能的影响

目的:探究不同剂量艾多沙班对非瓣膜性老年房颤患者肝肾功能的影响。方法:选取我院2022年1月到2023年6月的118例非瓣膜性老年房颤患者,按照随机数字法分为A组(n=59)、B组(n=59),其中A组患者给与大剂量(60 mg/d)艾多沙班进行治疗,B组患者给与小剂量(30 mg/d)艾多沙班进行治疗,再按SHARE-FI评分将A组患者分为强健A组(n=30)、衰弱前期A组(n=11)、衰弱A组(n=18);将B组分为强健B组(n=31)、衰弱前期B组(n=12)、衰弱B组(n=16)。评估强健A组与强健B组,衰弱前期A组与衰弱前期B组,衰弱A组与衰弱B组肝肾功能变化。结果:治疗前后强健A组与强健B组ALT、BUN、Scr均无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗前衰弱前期A组与B组ALT、BUN、Scr无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后衰弱前期A组ALT、BUN、Scr明显高于衰弱前期B组(P<0.05);治疗前衰弱A组与B组ALT、BUN、Scr无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后衰弱A组ALT、BUN、Scr明显高于衰弱前期B组(P<0.05)。结论:大剂量(60 mg/d)、小剂量(30 mg/d)艾多沙班对身体强健的非瓣膜性老年房颤患者肝肾功能的影响相当;而大剂量艾多沙班对衰弱前期、衰弱期患者肝肾功能的影响较小剂量艾多沙班大,因而可给予衰弱前期、衰弱期患者小剂量艾多沙班来减少对其肝肾功能的损伤。

基于孟德尔随机化研究房颤/房扑与失眠的因果关系

目的通过双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)研究方法探究心房颤动(简称“房颤”)/心房扑动(简称“房扑”)与失眠潜在的双向因果关系。方法从IEU OpenGWAS project数据库中获取房颤/房扑和失眠的全基因组关联研究汇总数据,提取显著且独立的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNPs)用于MR分析。采用逆方差加权法(inverse-variance weighted,IVW)、加权中位数、MREgger回归、简单众数法和加权众数法五种方法进行因果关系评估。Cochran's Q检验评估IVW的异质性,MR-Egger检测水平多效性,MR-PRESSO方法检测离群值以检验基因多效性,留一法(leave-one-out)进行敏感性分析。结果以房颤/房扑为暴露,失眠为结局,共筛选获得47个SNPs作为工具变量,IVW显示房颤/房扑与失眠间存在正向因果关系[OR=1.103,95%CI(1.008,1.208),P<0.05],加权中位数、MR-Egger回归及简单众数法和加权众数法的β值与IVW的β值方向均一致。敏感性检测方面,Cochran's Q检验P>0.05说明不存在异质性,MR-Egger检验P>0.05说明不存在水平多效性,同时MR-PRESSO方法未检测到离群值,表明没有基因多效性,留一法未检测到对结果影响大的SNP,表明结果稳固无偏倚。反向,以失眠为暴露,房颤/房扑为结局,筛选到12个SNPs作为工具变量,IVW显示失眠与房颤/房扑间不存在因果关系[OR=0.989,95%CI(0.951,1.029),P>0.05)]。结论房颤/房扑会增加失眠的发生风险,在失眠患者的健康管理中应积极预防和治疗房颤、房扑等常见心律失常疾病。

5例直接口服抗凝药治疗非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓的用药分析

临床药师参与5例非瓣膜性房颤合并左心耳血栓患者的抗凝治疗管理,通过患者临床表现、食道超声心动图评估药物的安全性与疗效,分析利伐沙班和艾多沙班对于协助纤溶系统溶解左心耳血栓的效果与差异。结果显示两种药物均能不同程度地促进血栓消退,血栓消退的时间可能与血栓面积以及患者心功能相关。术后临床药师结合患者肾功能与合并用药情况,为患者制定安全、有效、个体化的抗凝方案。

慢性心力衰竭合并缺血性脑卒中患者的临床特点及危险因素研究

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure, CHF)合并缺血性脑卒中患者的临床特点及相关危险因素。方法 回顾性选取2021年1月至2023年1月江苏省苏北人民医院住院未合并心房颤动/心房扑动的老年CHF患者153例,根据诊断分为CHF组84例,缺血性脑卒中组69例(CHF+缺血性脑卒中)。收集所有患者一般资料、既往病史、辅助检查指标等临床数据。随访6个月,采用多因素logistic回归分析及ROC曲线分析缺血性脑卒中相关的危险因素。结果 2组年龄、高血压、糖尿病、部分凝血活酶时间、左心房内径、左心室射血分数、右心室内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径、CHF分型、CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分、HAS-BLED评分、抗血小板药物比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分(OR=2.471,95%CI:1.356~4.502,P=0.003)、HAS-BLED评分(OR=6.626,95%CI:2.049~21.432,P=0.002)是发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分预测无心房颤动/心房扑动的老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的曲线下面积为0.936(95%CI:0.898~0.975,P<0.01);HAS-BLED评分预测无心房颤动/心房扑动的老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的曲线下面积为0.922(95%CI:0.880~0.964,P<0.01)。结论 CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分和HAS-BLED评分高是无心房颤动/心房扑动的老年CHF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心房结构和功能的超声心动图评价进展

非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)是最常见的心房颤动类型。左心房结构和功能重构在NVAF的发生和病情进展过程中具有重要意义。作为无创、简便、易获得的工具,超声心动图在NVAF患者病情评估、疗效观察以及并发症危险分层方面发挥着重要作用。现阐述超声心动图对NVAF患者左心房结构和功能的评估方法、相关参数及其临床意义。

平均血小板体积/淋巴细胞比值与老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心房血栓形成的关系

目的探讨平均血小板体积/淋巴细胞比值(MPVLR)与老年非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者左心房血栓形成的关系。方法将2019年1月至2022年12月该院收治的178例老年NVAF患者纳入研究。根据食管超声心动图(TEE)判断患者左心房血栓形成情况,将患者分为血栓组(28例)和非血栓组(150例)。采用全自动血细胞分析仪检测白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)、淋巴细胞计数、淋巴细胞比例、血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)并计算MPVLR。采用全自动生化分析仪检测肝、肾功能指标及血脂指标。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估MPV、淋巴细胞比例、MPVLR对NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的预测价值。采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的影响因素。结果血栓组MPV、淋巴细胞比例、MPVLR均高于非血栓组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,MPV、淋巴细胞比例、MPVLR预测NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.821(95%CI:0.764~0.882)、0.771(95%CI:0.714~0.842)、0.901(95%CI:0.861~0.949)。血栓组病程长于非血栓组,有慢性心力衰竭者比例、有脑卒中者比例、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、LAEF、LAD、LVEDV、MPVLR、血尿酸、MPV、淋巴细胞比例、MPVLR均高于非血栓组,LVEF低于非血栓组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,病程≥1.93年(OR=3.050,95%CI:1.928~4.824)、慢性心力衰竭(OR=3.333,95%CI:1.808~6.144)、MPVLR≥3.10(OR=3.873,95%CI:1.734~8.650)是老年NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论MPVLR升高与老年NVAF患者左心房血栓形成存在关联,可作为预测患者左心房血栓形成的指标。

左心耳封堵术对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心功能影响的研究进展

近年来左心耳封堵术(LAAC)作为一项预防卒中发生的有效措施逐渐被大众接受。流行病学调查显示,近5年来在中国部分地区,LAAC的比例已从0.16%上升至1.23%。作为一项发展时间较短的术式,LAAC预防卒中发生的有效性已得到临床检验,但术后是否存在对患者左心功能的影响仍存在争论。现归纳总结LAAC对左心功能影响的研究,并对LAAC是否会通过对左心功能的影响增加一站式手术的术后心房颤动复发率而进行展望。

Watchman FLX封堵器的最新研究进展

左心耳封堵手术已经成为口服抗凝药物禁忌症或者不能长期耐受口服抗凝药物的非瓣膜性房颤患者的替代治疗方案。尽管左心耳封堵手术已经相当成熟,但住院期间并发症(心包积液和心脏压塞、全身栓塞、封堵器脱落)和术后随访封堵器相关血栓,器械残余漏等问题依然亟待解决。目前临床常用的左心耳封堵器主要有Watchman2.5^(TM)和Amplatzer Amulet两种。受限于封堵器本身结构设计,对于少数左心耳解剖结构复杂的患者,现有封堵器应用受限。Watchman FLX是新一代的左心耳封堵器,对比Watchman 2.5^(TM)有很多结构上的优化,在保证有效性与安全性的基础上,器械封堵效率更高,并发症更少。本文将对Watchman FLX的最新研究成果进行综述。

利伐沙班与华法林对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者的治疗效果

目的:探讨利伐沙班与华法林对非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年1月日照市中医医院收治的60例NVAF患者的临床资料,按治疗方法不同将患者分为研究组与对照组,研究组采用利伐沙班片进行治疗,对照组采用华法林钠片进行治疗。比较两组的凝血功能、血清学指标、血液学异常现象发生情况及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间均长于对照组,纤维蛋白原水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组D-二聚体、N末端B型利钠肽前体水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组异常出血发生率为6.67%,低于对照组的26.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组血栓发生率为6.67%,不良反应发生率为16.67%,相较于对照组的10.00%和23.33%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:利伐沙班更有利于改善NVAF患者的凝血功能,纠正其血清学指标紊乱,降低异常出血发生率且较为安全。