CAS-based Water Resources Optimal Allocation and Dynamic Simulation for Sewage Irrigation Area

Based on the theory of complex adaptive system(CAS),the optimal allocation model of water resources in sewage irrigation areas was established,which provided new ideas and application value for the rational utilization of agricultural production and waste water resources.The results demonstrated that the difference of crop energy capture mainly depended on the development stage.Waste water with a certain concentration was able to promote crop growth,while excessive concentration inhibited crop growth.The correlation between water absorption rate and leaf area index was close(R=0.9498,p<0.01).The amount of bad seeds increased at a speed of 34.7·d^-1,when system irrigated randomly in the seedling stage,while it tended to remain stable at a speed of 0.3·d^-1 after plants entering the mature stage which impacted the total yields of crops.

Coordinated optimal allocation of water resources and industrial structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions of China

Optimizing the allocation of water resources is critical for promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions of China.Based on specific regional and water conditions,to strengthen the constraints on water resources,the“three-step”adaptive management approach of“scheme design-scheme diagnosis-scheme optimization”of water resource allocation are adopted to facilitate the coordinated optimal allocation of water resources and industrial structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions.First,from the level of overall industry,a water resource allocation scheme for the regions is designed by applying the master-slave hierarchical mode and a bi-level optimal model to determine the ideal amount of water resource allocation for the regions and respective industries.Second,the diagnostic criteria of spatial balance,structural matching,and coordinated development are constructed to determine the rationality of the water resource allocation scheme.Then a benefit compensation function with water market transactions is developed,to adaptively adjust the water resource allocation scheme.Finally,the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure are promoted to improve water consumption efficiency and the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions.The study can provide reference for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions to realize the comprehensive optimal allocation of water resources in the regions and improve the adaptability of water resources and industrial structure optimization.

An Integrated Water Resources and Economic Approach for Optimizing Water Allocation Policies

Reservoir/river systems analysis models are generally used in the formulation and evaluation of alternative plans for responding to water related problems and needs. One of the main problems is the water resources allocation and the cost associated with pumping, if needed. Taking the appropriate decision is considered as a techno-economic issue. The case study presented in this paper involves a complex system of three dams, two pumping stations and two diversion structures all serving an agricultural production unit. The objective of this research is to determine a suitable and feasible water allocation/pumping policy as a “trade-off” between minimizing the water deficiency and the cost of pumping. To achieve this objective, a water resources model was developed using HEC-5. A multi-criteria decision approach was implemented to determine the most appropriate water release policy and the capacity of the water diversion facilities. The parameters used were subject to a sensitivity analysis to assess their relative impact on the determined policy. The suggested release policy allows a reduction of half the total of the pumping costs with only 3% reduction in the water allocation reliability, as measured by the failure frequency of demand satisfaction and the average shortage index.

Study on ecological and economic effects of land and water resources allocation in Sanjiang Plain

The pattern of groundwater usage and industrial development in the Sanjiang Plain remains a concern of Chinese government. In accordance with the Water Conservancy Planning of the Sanjiang Plain, this paper presents a Sanjiang Plain resources allocation model which is established to be used in controlling water, land, ecology and economy in consideration of 50%-level and 75%-level years, planting structure adjustment, industry development by 2020, and different transit water exploitation schemes. Lingo10 global optimization has been adopted in solving the model. The results show that by 2020 the output of three industries will increase to a certain degree, the grain yields will satisfy state demand, and regional service value will decrease dramatically. Such results provide theoretical basis and practical significance for instructing the development and exploitation of the Sanjiang Plain.

Conjunctive Utilization of Water Resources at the Yulin Coal-Mine Base in China

Shortages in water resources and the fragile ecosystem by coal-mine water affect the Yulin coal-mine base in northwest China, so taking coal-mine water into account is an important issue for the sustainable management of water resources. This paper aims to explore how the Yulin coal-mine base can improve its conjunctive utilization of water resources. Integrated utilization is proposed by establishing a multi-objective, multi-water-source, optimal-allocation model;setting up an integrated information platform;and giving very useful measures and policy suggestions to the local government. Finally, this research can also serve as an example of integrated water utilization for other energy bases.

The Research of Ecology-Oriented Reasonable Deployment of Water Resources at Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland

Shuangtaizi estuary wetland, the largest natural conservation district in China, and one of the best preserved, largest ecological lands with the most complete vegetation types in the world, is located in Panjin city, Liaoning Province. In recent years, the degradation of Shuangtaizi estuary wetland is very serious. In order to rescue lives in the wetland and protect valuable natural resources, the information system of Shuangtaizi estuary wetland was built with '3S' technology, and the minimum, optimum, and maximum eco-environmental water requirements were calculated respectively. Furthermore, for restoring the ecological functions of wetland and preventing wetland degradation, the balance between supply and demand of water resource was analyzed , and an optimal allocation scheme of water resources was proposed based on three kinds of equilibrium.

协调公平与效率的“四水四定”研究Ⅰ:方法与模型

针对水资源刚性约束落地缺抓手的问题,按照以水定发展、协调定规模的理念,提出“四水四定”的分析思路和控制指标,厘清各类发展目标与水资源利用的协调关系。以公平为社会目标,以效益为经济目标,提出“尊重现状、保障刚需、效率驱动、区域均衡”的协调优化准则,建立目标函数和约束条件,构建“四水四定”多目标协调模型,以满足保障刚性需求基础上的水量高效流转,确定发展规模和水量分配方案。模型选取人均GDP最大实现效率驱动,使有限水量产生更大效益;选取区域人均GDP差异最小、发展匹配度最高实现发展公平,缩小区域经济差异;通过约束条件反映水资源约束、刚性需求保障、水源用户配置关系、经济社会发展合理范围等要求;设置罚函数协调约束条件不能满足时的目标值调整。通过归一化方法将多目标转化为单目标,基于现状设置初始条件,采用线性规划等方法求解,得出协调产业发展和水量优化分配的整体结果,通过结果评价反馈调整,形成可服务于经济社会发展和水资源管控决策的方案。

考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置

针对水土资源空间不匹配、水资源总量不足及土地资源利用程度不高等问题,以二元水循环理论为基础,构建考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置模型。该模型包括产水模块、水土联合配置模块和土地模拟模块,以GDP最大和基于生态绿当量的区域植被覆盖率(EGE-RVC)最高为目标函数,并提出了一种耦合约束法、逐次逼近法和非线性规划的三层嵌套算法进行求解。以河南省洛阳市为例对模型和方法进行验证,结果表明,洛阳市可利用水量增加了4463万m^(3),GDP提高了12.5%,EGE-RVC增加了2.6%,各用地类型缺水率不同程度下降。研究成果能够为区域水土资源优化配置研究提供新的思路和技术参考。

基于直觉模糊联盟合作博弈的我国主要流域水资源优化配置研究

我国水资源地区分布不均,呈现南多北少的特点。随着人口增长和社会经济的不断发展,水资源需求量日益增加。为了提高水资源的综合利用效率,在完成水资源初始配置后迫切需要开展水资源跨区调配实现二次优化配置。如何选择水资源调配合作对象,如何兼顾公平与效率,如何共享合作收益,成为水资源再配置需要解决的核心问题。本文提出将直觉模糊联盟合作博弈运用到水资源优化配置问题中,通过构建基于清晰联盟合作博弈和模糊联盟合作博弈的水资源优化配置模型及合作收益函数,运用直觉模糊集、区间Choquet积分、连续有序加权平均算子等方法,推导出基于直觉模糊联盟合作博弈的水资源优化配置模型及合作收益函数,运用直觉模糊Shapley值求解最优解。选取我国南方地区的长江流域和北方地区的黄河、海河和淮河流域等水资源一级区作为研究对象,选择工业用水作为调配用水,将工业用水收益率高低作为水资源配置“优先原则”,比较分析三种不同的模型下我国主要流域水资源调配的合作对象及合作收益分配方式。结果表明:①各地区参与水资源二次配置,都能取得相较于不合作更好的合作收益;②参与直觉模糊合作联盟获得的收益全部都高于参与模糊合作联盟获得的收益;③在直觉模糊合作联盟中,不应盲目追求联盟的规模,应根据地区自身实际情况决定。以上研究结果表明,直觉模糊联盟合作博弈方法为解决跨区域流域水资源配置提供了一种新的解决方案,这将为我国主要流域开展跨区域水资源调配,优化水资源配置提供科学决策依据。

猎豹优化算法在水资源优化配置中的应用

水资源优化配置能够解决区域水资源短缺及不合理利用问题,近年来优化算法成为获得水资源优化配置结果的重要工具。为有效缓解现有优化配置算法中存在的收敛缓慢、局部优化和早熟等问题,介绍了一种新型的元启发式算法:猎豹优化算法(the Cheetah Optimizer,CO),利用该算法收敛速度快、鲁棒性强、寻优能力强等优点,将其运用至水资源优化配置问题中。以太原市为研究区域,建立了以经济效益、社会效益和生态效益为目标的水资源优化配置模型,采用CO求解该模型,并与遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)结果进行对比分析。结果表明:CO的污染物排放总量在规划年(2030)控制目标内,区域用水满意度达到0.98,能够满足基本用水和发展用水需求;与现状年(2020)相比,生活用水占比下降22.58%,三次产业用水占比分别上升10.53%、25.81%、12.5%,地表水和地下水供水比例分别降低21.70%、11.14%,回用水和引黄水供水比例分别提高了5.43%、27.40%,符合太原市水资源配置思路,验证了CO的有效性;与GA相比,CO的区域满意度、综合用水价值和配水公平性分别提高了7.10%、3.57%和56.52%,污染物排放量和缺水率分别降低了3.11%和3.85%,同时有更好的协调性,验证了CO的优越性。研究成果表明用CO求解水资源优化配置模型合理可行,为水资源优化配置模型求解提供了新方法。

基于供水量的两级渠系优化配水模型

【目的】基于灌区实际供水量构建两级渠系优化配水模型,提供各用水单元的配水量、配水流量、配水时间。【方法】本文分2种情形构建模型,情形1:非充分灌溉,作物某生育时期内供水无法满足需水,模型首先通过水资源配置确定每个用水户的分配水量,再通过渠系优化配水模型确定每条渠道的配水流量和配水时间;情形2:充分灌溉,供水能够满足需水,根据配置系数确定各渠道配水的优先次序,再确定配水流量和配水时间。【结果】将模型运用到山东省簸箕李灌区,验证模型的适用性,结果表明本模型能够根据灌区的供水量提供水资源配置方案和渠系配水方案。供水充足时,模型根据配置系数确定配水次序;供水不足时,模型根据分配系数确定水资源分配量。情形1和情形2支渠的配水流量分别在流量上限的0.8倍与0.75倍以上,做到了大流量配水;2种情形的配水周期分别为10.90、17.84 d,缩短了灌溉周期。【结论】本文建立的模型能够依据供水量首先提供水资源分配方案或配置次序,再以此为基础,提供配水方案,即配水流量、配水开始时间、配水结束时间,从而指导灌区的配水工作。

面向高质量发展的缺水地区水资源优化配置模型及应用

科学合理的水资源配置方案是实现北方缺水地区高质量发展的重要基础。在系统梳理相关研究成果的基础上,分析北方缺水地区水资源特点和未来配置需求,提出面向高质量发展的北方缺水地区水资源优化配置模型框架。从目标函数、约束条件、参数设置、算法设计等方面开展系统建模,并从惯性权重与学习因子两个角度对传统粒子群算法进行改进和有效性检验。最后,将模型和算法应用于北方典型缺水城市阳泉市的水资源配置方案研究。结果表明:阳泉市工业和生活用水具有较大节水潜力,平定县是最大用水户;规划水平年节水情景显著提升了缺水地区的需水满足程度和水生态环境承载能力;构建的高质量发展目标和北方缺水地区关键约束的水资源优化配置模型具有可行性。

农业灌溉水资源优化配置研究进展

水资源短缺是制约农业可持续发展的关键因素,因此农业灌溉水资源的优化配置对于保障粮食安全和水安全具有重要意义。该研究基于农业灌溉水资源优化配置的主要类型,对单一作物灌溉优化决策、多作物水土资源优化配置和灌溉渠系水资源优化调度3个方面的研究进展进行了系统综述。同时指出了当前农业灌溉水资源优化配置中存在的主要问题和未来研究方向,研究认为当前的农业灌溉水资源优化配置应在如下4个方面进行完善:1)建立更具生理意义的作物水分-产量-品质模型;2)在气候变化和人类活动的情景下实现农业灌溉水资源的优化配置;3)构建全面考虑水源、渠系、灌区面积、作物配置以及生育阶段的系统性农业灌溉水资源优化配置模型;4)建立以棵间蒸发最小为目标的动态灌溉优化决策模型。研究可为中国的粮食安全和水安全提供理论指导。

水质保护与用水效率的主从博弈稳健优化模型及其应用

水资源系统的复杂不确定性为可靠的水资源优化配置带来挑战。为实现水质保护与用水效率均衡,基于量化水资源系统不确定性的稳健参数建立了主从博弈稳健优化模型,并采用稳健对等转换法和模糊满意度算法进行联合求解。以汉江中下游流域为研究区域,结果表明:主从博弈稳健模型的均衡解劣于确定性多目标模型的优化解,模型以牺牲目标最优值为代价提高了可靠性;不确定性影响均衡解的决策范围,高不确定度下均衡解范围更宽,能够为不确定性下提升决策策略的适应性提供依据。相比于单目标的水质保护稳健模型与经济发展稳健模型,主从博弈稳健模型能提供更均衡的水资源配置方案。模型的敏感性分析揭示了目标层对稳健参数变化的响应规律。本研究可为不确定情景下水资源冲突管理提供适应性稳健决策方法。

基于GWAS模型的邯郸市水资源优化配置研究

近年来邯郸市上游河流入境水量减少,地下水开采总量愈加限制,难以满足不同行业大幅度上升的用水需求,加之南水北调、引黄和引卫工程建设后对一部分行业供水水源的置换,邯郸市水资源短缺问题和供需矛盾越发尖锐复杂。通过分析邯郸市的水资源特点及水利工程分布特征,并对各区县进行水量供需预测,基于GWAS构建了邯郸市多水源、多用户和多目标的水资源优化配置模型。结果显示:邯郸市2025年P=50%保证率的总需水量为3013.01×10^(6)m^(3),总分配水量为2473.97×10^(6)m^(3),缺水率为17.89%;P=75%保证率的总需水量为3434.90×10^(6)m^(3),总分配水量为2498.22×10^(6)m^(3),缺水率为27.27%。缺水主要集中在第一产业。配置结果符合邯郸市的实际用水情况,研究成果可为邯郸市水资源管理提供技术参考。

黄河流域首单跨省域水权交易案例的战略意义与改革启示

宁夏回族自治区与四川省跨省域水权交易开创了黄河流域跨省域交易的先河,对全国省际层面运用市场机制解决水资源供需矛盾具有示范意义和参考价值。文章在阐述本案例交易背景的基础上,详细剖析交易主体、交易类型、交易标的、交易方式等关键要素,从缓解省际水资源供需矛盾、市场化矫正黄河流域分水方案、推动流域统一的用水权市场建设等方面论证其战略意义,总结本案例对推动省级层面区域水权交易市场发展的若干启示。

基于改进粒子群算法的阳泉市水资源优化配置研究

水资源短缺问题已成为制约社会经济发展的重要因素。以阳泉市为例,综合考虑水资源总量、各水源的供水方式与各用水户的需水方式3个因素,以缺水量总和最小、COD排放量最小、供水净效益最大为目标,建立多目标水资源优化配置模型;为提高粒子群算法求解结果的准确度与全局寻优能力,对算法中的惯性权重与学习因子进行线性优化,并进行了验证;基于改进粒子群算法对山西省阳泉市的水资源优化配置进行研究。结果显示:一般方案与节水方案下的总用水量与COD排放量均未超过约束范围;节水方案下的供水净效益比一般方案低4.027亿元,缺水量总和与COD排放量比一般方案分别低663.648万m^(3)、425.375 t;节水方案在缓解各行政区缺水现象的同时降低了COD的排放量,减少了生态环境压力,说明所得的优化配置方案较为合理,可为其他水资源严重短缺地区选取水资源配置方案提供科学依据。

基于NSGA-Ⅲ的区域水资源多目标优化配置方案决策

为了探究缺水地区如何发挥水资源优化配置综合效益,强化水资源管理,提出以社会、经济、生态为目标的区域水资源优化配置模型。结合水资源实际配置情况,应用第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)求解配置模型并获得待选方案集,随后通过建立博弈论-TOPSIS评价模型,对方案集进行筛选获得相对最佳方案。以忻州-阳泉供水区为研究对象,对来水频率为75%、50%、25%的水资源优化配置方案进行求解分析。结果表明:改进NSGA-Ⅲ算法和博弈论-TOPSIS评价模型在模型求解过程中具有较强的实用性,使得优选方案结果更为合理,相较其他方法具有明显优势;最后通过对不同配置方案分析可知,忻州-阳泉供水区实现可持续发展的关键在于不断提升水资源利用效率和努力实现水资源的可持续利用。

基于HHO的跨流域调水工程受水区水资源优化配置研究

跨流域调水工程是解决我国水资源时空分布不均和缓解水资源供需矛盾的重要措施。山东省黄水东调工程、引黄济青工程和胶东调水工程是缓解胶东地区潍坊、青岛、烟台、威海四市水资源紧缺问题的重要跨流域调水工程。为充分发挥调水工程社会和经济效益,在考虑受水区缺水量、工程输水能力及沿途分水口门设计流量等基础上,以受水区四市综合缺水率最小和调水工程经济效益最大为双目标,构建了胶东地区跨流域调水工程水资源优化配置模型,采用哈里斯鹰优化算法(HHO)求得现状水平年和规划水平年在50%、75%和95%频率时3种不同目标协调机制(以综合缺水率最小为主导、以调水工程经济效益最大为主导及两目标均衡)16个分水口门的调水方案。结果表明:(1)通过调水工程调引黄河水和长江水,使四市缺水量大幅减少;(2)当经济效益目标所占比重越大时,计量水价越高的分水口门供水量越大;(3)从三个调水工程利用程度来看,黄水东调工程利用程度最高,其次为引黄济青工程和胶东调水工程。本文为山东省胶东地区跨流域调水工程的水资源配置提供了决策支持。