The evolution of shale reservoirs is mainly related to two functions:mechanical compaction controlled by ground stress and chemical compaction controlled by thermal effect.Thermal simulation experiments were conducted...The evolution of shale reservoirs is mainly related to two functions:mechanical compaction controlled by ground stress and chemical compaction controlled by thermal effect.Thermal simulation experiments were conducted to simulate the chemical compaction of marine-continental transitional shale,and X-ray diffraction(XRD),CO2 adsorption,N2 adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection(MIP)were then used to characterize shale diagenesis and porosity.Moreover,simulations of mechanical compaction adhering to mathematical models were performed,and a shale compaction model was proposed considering clay content and kaolinite proportions.The advantage of this model is that the change in shale compressibility,which is caused by the transformation of clay minerals during thermal evolution,may be considered.The combination of the thermal simulation and compaction model may depict the interactions between chemical and mechanical compaction.Such interactions may then express the pore evolution of shale in actual conditions of formation.Accordingly,the obtained results demonstrated that shales having low kaolinite possess higher porosity at the same burial depth and clay mineral content,proving that other clay minerals such as illite-smectite mixed layers(I/S)and illite are conducive to the development of pores.Shales possessing a high clay mineral content have a higher porosity in shallow layers(<3500 m)and a lower porosity in deep layers(>3500 m).Both the amount and location of the increase in porosity differ at different geothermal gradients.High geothermal gradients favor the preservation of high porosity in shale at an appropriate Ro.The pore evolution of the marine-continental transitional shale is divided into five stages.Stage 2 possesses an Ro of 1.0%-1.6%and has high porosity along with a high specific surface area.Stage 3 has an Ro of 1.6%-2.0%and contains a higher porosity with a low specific surface area.Finally,Stage 4 has an Ro of 2.0%-2.9%with a low porosity and high specific surface area.展开更多
Refering to geological evidences and recent Lincheng-Julu deep seismic reflection profile in the west-central part of North China Basin, it is concluded preliminarily that a low angle detachment structure may exist in...Refering to geological evidences and recent Lincheng-Julu deep seismic reflection profile in the west-central part of North China Basin, it is concluded preliminarily that a low angle detachment structure may exist in the central part of North China depression. Numerical method is used to simulate the influence of hot mantle intrusive bodies to Cenozoic basin tectonic movements. Numerical simulations show that,① The intrusion of hot mantle material has led to an extensional stress state in the upper crust in central North China depression. As time increasing, the extensional stress state changed slightly in the upper crust and was in keeping with the normal faulting tectonics in the upper crust in depression area. ② In Cenozoic era, under the effects of magmatic intrusion and the resistance of Taihang Mountain, the weak zone produced by the Mesozoic thrust faulting would become a detachment structure.③ With the elapse of time, the horizontal compressive stress gradually concentrated in the median crust, and the concentration of stress may generate strike-slip earthquakes in the median crust above the intrusive body.展开更多
The hydrocarbon potential of the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is not well known, compared to the other areas of the basin, despite its substantial petroleum system.Restoration of a depth-converted seismi...The hydrocarbon potential of the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is not well known, compared to the other areas of the basin, despite its substantial petroleum system.Restoration of a depth-converted seismic profile across the Hangjinqi Fault Zone(HFZ) in the eastern Hangjinqi area shows one compression that created anticlinal structures in the Late Triassic, and two extensions in ~Middle Jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous, which were interrupted by inversions in the Late Jurassic–Early Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, respectively.Hydrocarbon generation at the well locations in the Central Ordos Basin(COB) began in the Late Triassic.Basin modeling of Well Zhao-4 suggests that hydrocarbon generation from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures of the northern Shanbei Slope peaked in the Early Cretaceous, predating the inversion in the Late Cretaceous.Most source rocks in the Shanbei Slope passed the main gas-migration phase except for the Hangjinqi area source rocks(Well Jin-48).Hydrocarbons generated from the COB are likely to have migrated northward toward the anticlinal structures and traps along the HFZ because the basin-fill strata are dipping south.Faulting that continued during the extensional phase(Late Early Cretaceous) of the Hangjinqi area probably acted as conduits for the migration of hydrocarbons.Thus, the anticlinal structures and associated traps to the north of the HFZ might have trapped hydrocarbons that were charged from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures in the COB since the Middle Jurassic.展开更多
A synthesis is given in this paper on late Mesozoic deformation pattern in the zones around the Ordos Basin based on lithostratigraphic and structural analyses. A relative chronology of the late Mesozoic tectonic stre...A synthesis is given in this paper on late Mesozoic deformation pattern in the zones around the Ordos Basin based on lithostratigraphic and structural analyses. A relative chronology of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress evolution was established from the field analyses of fault kinematics and constrained by stratigraphic contact relationships. The results show alternation of tectonic compressional and extensional regimes. The Ordos Basin and its surroundings were in weak N-S to NNE-SSW extension during the Early to Middle Jurassic, which reactivated E-W-trending basement fractures. The tectonic regime changed to a multi-directional compressional one during the Late Jurassic, which resulted in crustal shortening deformation along the marginal zones of the Ordos Basin. Then it changed to an extensional one during the Early Cretaceous, which rifted the western, northwestern and southeastern margins of the Ordos Basin. A NW-SE compression occurred during the Late Cretaceous and caused the termination of sedimentation and uplift of the Ordos Basin. This phased evolution of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress regimes and associated deformation pattern around the Ordos Basin best records the changes in regional geodynamic settings in East Asia, from the Early to Middle Jurassic post-orogenic extension following the Triassic collision between the North and South China Blocks, to the Late Jurassic multi-directional compressions produced by synchronous convergence of the three plates (the Siberian Plate to the north, Paleo-Pacific Plate to the east and Lhasa Block to the west) towards the East Asian continent. Early Cretaceous extension might be the response to collapse and lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton.展开更多
The basin-range coupling relation is a leading subject of the modern geology. In geometry, relations of this type include couplings between stretched orogenic belt and down-faulted basin, compressional orogenic belt a...The basin-range coupling relation is a leading subject of the modern geology. In geometry, relations of this type include couplings between stretched orogenic belt and down-faulted basin, compressional orogenic belt and foreland basin, strike-slip orogenic belt and strike-slip basin and so on. Fault chains are the key for these couplings and there are typical examples for all these cases. The North China down-faulted basin is coupled west with the Taihang uplift, east with the Jiao-Liao Mountains, north with the Yanshan orogenic belt and south with the Dabie orogenic belt, that is to say, the central down-faulted basin and the surrounding orogenic belts bear a coupling relation within a uniform dynamistic system. Study shows that the central down-faulted basin and the North China mantle sub-plume structure have a close relation during their formation. Owing to intensive mantle sub-plume uplifting, the bottom of the lithosphere suffered from resistance, which caused the lithosphere of the eastern North China to be heated, thinned and fault-depressed. Meanwhile, mantle rocks that were detached outwards in the shape of mushroom was dissected by surrounding ductile shearing zones, which lead to decompression and unloading to generate hypomagmas, and a series of mantle-branch structures were formed around the down-faulted basin. There is an obvious comparability among these mantle branch structures (orogenic belts), and they have basin-range coupling relations with the central down-faulted basins.展开更多
The Bohai Bay Basin is a region where part of the North China Craton has been thinned and destroyed. It has experienced two periods of crustal thinning that occurred during the Cretaceous and Paleogene, but investigat...The Bohai Bay Basin is a region where part of the North China Craton has been thinned and destroyed. It has experienced two periods of crustal thinning that occurred during the Cretaceous and Paleogene, but investigations of its Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric thermal structure are limited. Therefore, in this study,the distributions of mantle heat flow, crustal heat flow, and Moho temperatures during the Meso-Cenozoic are calculated based on analyses of the thermal history of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results indicate that the ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow peaked during the late stages of the early Cretaceous and during the middle to late Paleogene. The corresponding mantle heat flow was more than 65% of the surface heat flow. Moho temperatures reached three peaks: 900-1100℃ in the late stages of the early Cretaceous;820-900℃ in the middle to late Paleogene; and(in the Linqing Depression, Cangxian Uplift, and Jizhong Depression) 770-810℃ during the early Neogene. These results reveal that the Bohai Bay Basin experienced significant geological change during the Cretaceous, including the transformation of lithospheric thermal structure from "cold mantle and hot crust" before the Cretaceous to "hot mantle and cold crust" after the Cretaceous. The results also indicate that the basin experienced two large-scale rifting events.Therefore, this work may provide the thermal parameters for further investigations of the geodynamic evolution of eastern China.展开更多
The geothermal field is mainly controlled by the regional tectonic framework characterized by alternationsof uplifted and depressed basement. and exhibits a similar zoned distribution of temperatures. In the uplifteda...The geothermal field is mainly controlled by the regional tectonic framework characterized by alternationsof uplifted and depressed basement. and exhibits a similar zoned distribution of temperatures. In the upliftedarea the geothermal gradient (G) and terrestrial heat flow value(q) of the Cenozoic sedimentary cover are rela-tively high, with G=3.5-5.0℃/100m and q=63-84mW/m;; whereas in the depressions they are rela-tively low, with G=2.7-3.5℃/100m and q=46-59mW/m;. In the whole region, G=3.58℃/100m and q=61.5±13.4nW/m;, indicating a comparatively high geothermal background and the presence of localgeothermal anomalies. A comparison of the results of mathematical simulation of the geothermal field with themeasured values shows a good agrecment between them. The geothermal difference between various tectonicunits is caused chiefly by the lateral and vertical variation of thermal properties of shallow crustal rocks. Thisphenomenon can be regarded as the result of redistribution of relatively uniform heat flows from the deep crustin the surficial part of the crust in the process of their upward conduction.展开更多
1 Introduction Currently,all six different continents have discovered potash deposits and potash-bearing salt lake saline water.However,the distribution is extremely uneven,which is mostly concentrated in Canada,Russi...1 Introduction Currently,all six different continents have discovered potash deposits and potash-bearing salt lake saline water.However,the distribution is extremely uneven,which is mostly concentrated in Canada,Russia,Middle-Asia and展开更多
The basin-and-range area in eastern North China is known for frequent occurrence of earthquakes, their great magnitudes and heavy losses thereby incurred. Seismic studies in the past usually emphasized the intersectio...The basin-and-range area in eastern North China is known for frequent occurrence of earthquakes, their great magnitudes and heavy losses thereby incurred. Seismic studies in the past usually emphasized the intersections, inflexions and branches of the faults. However, the intensities of many great earthquakes in this area do not show linear distribution, and the epicenters are horizontally dispersed at certain depths instead of along the strike of faults. Based on the sub-mantle plume studies made by authors in the past decade, it is thought that there exists an uplifted sub-mantle plume under the fault depression area in North China. The uplifting and intrusion of mantle materials caused the upper crust to be faulted, while low-velocity and high-velocity layers are alternatively distributed in the middle crust under the influence of the mantle and the lower crust. The middle and lower crust materials were detached from the top of the sub-mantle plume to the surroundings while the sub-mantle plume materials were detached outward. When the detached middle and lower crust come to the boundary of fault basins in the upper crust, they will be obstructed by the orogenic zone and the detachment will go slower. The shearing between them will cause the stress to accumulate and release alternatively, so that earthquakes occurred frequently in the areas of sub-mantle plume and its surroundings.展开更多
The North Yellow Sea Basin ( NYSB ), which was developed on the basement of North China (Huabei) continental block, is a typical continental Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the sea area. Its Mesozoic basin is a...The North Yellow Sea Basin ( NYSB ), which was developed on the basement of North China (Huabei) continental block, is a typical continental Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the sea area. Its Mesozoic basin is a residual basin, below which there is probably a larger Paleozoic sedimentary basin. The North Yellow Sea Basin comprises four sags and three uplifts. Of them, the eastern sag is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary sag in NYSB and has the biggest sediment thickness; the current Korean drilling wells are concentrated in the eastern sag. This sag is comparatively rich in oil and gas resources and thus has a relatively good petroleum prospect in the sea. The central sag has also accommodated thick Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments. The latest research results show that there are three series of hydrocarbon source rocks in the North Yellow Sea Basin, namely, black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The principal hydrocarbon source rocks in NYSB are the Mesozoic black shale. According to the drilling data of Korea, the black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous have all come up to the standards of good and mature source rocks. The NYSB owns an intact system of oil generation, reservoir and capping rocks that can help hydrocarbon to form in the basin and thus it has the great potential of oil and gas. The vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon resources is mainly considered to be in the Cretaceous and then in the Jurassic.展开更多
Based on the Late Paleozoic geological background and the latest exploration achievements of the Ordos Basin and North China platform, it is concluded that during the sedimentary period of Permian He 8 Member, the are...Based on the Late Paleozoic geological background and the latest exploration achievements of the Ordos Basin and North China platform, it is concluded that during the sedimentary period of Permian He 8 Member, the area in concern had multiple material sources, multiple river systems, flat terrain, shallow sedimentary water, widely distributed fluvial facies sand body and no continuous lake area, so alluvial river sedimentary system developed in the whole region. Based on stratigraphic correlation and division, and a large number of drilling and outcrop data, a comprehensive analysis of lithofacies and sedimentary facies types and distribution was carried out to reconstruct the ancient geographic pattern of the He 8 Member sedimentary period. The results of paleogeography restoration show that the area of Ordos Basin was the "runoff area" in the sedimentary slope in the western part of the North China platform during the sedimentary period of He 8 Member, the whole region was mainly alluvial plain sedimentation featuring alternate fluvial facies, flood plain facies and flood-plain lake facies. According to the results of flume deposition simulation experiment, a new sedimentary model of "alluvial river & flood-plain lake" is established, which reveals the genesis of large area gravel sand body in He 8 Member of this area and provides geological basis for the exploration of tight gas in the south of the basin.展开更多
Aeromagnetic anomaly zonation of the Ordos Basin and adjacent areas was obtained by processing high-precision and large-scale aeromagnetic anomalies with an approach of reduction to the pole upward continuation. Compa...Aeromagnetic anomaly zonation of the Ordos Basin and adjacent areas was obtained by processing high-precision and large-scale aeromagnetic anomalies with an approach of reduction to the pole upward continuation. Comparative study on aeromagnetic and seismic tomography suggests that aeromagnetic anomalies in this area are influenced by both the magnetic property of the rock and the burial depth of the Precambrian crystalline basement. Basement depth might be the fundamental control factor for aeromagnetic anomalies because the positive and negative anomalies on the reduction to the pole- upward-continuation anomaly maps roughly coincide with the uplifts and depressions of the crystalline basement in the basin. The results, together with the latest understanding of basement faults, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of metamorphic rock and granite, drilling data, detrital zircon ages, and gravity data interpretation, suggest that the Ordos block is not an entirety of Archean.展开更多
The Bohai Sea basin is located in the east to the Cenozoic rift basin of North China. It is a inner-land sea basin formed during Late Quaternary time. In this basin there are numerous active faults and many major eart...The Bohai Sea basin is located in the east to the Cenozoic rift basin of North China. It is a inner-land sea basin formed during Late Quaternary time. In this basin there are numerous active faults and many major earthquakes have occurred. Its major active tectonic zones are the northern section of the NE trending Yingkou-Weifang fault zone, Miaoxibei-Huanghekou-Linyi fault zone, and NW striking Beijing-Penglai fault zone, which intersect at the center of the Bohai Sea basin. These tectonic zones subdivide the sea area into four secondary neotectonic areas, which are subject to the recent tectonic stress field. Using the data of 38 focal plane solutions and 75 drill stress measurements, and the result of numerical modeling, we analyze the recent tectonic stress field of this region. Our result shows that this stress field is characterized by dominant horizontal or nearly horizontal stress. Its compres-sive stress is in the direction NE60~90, and the tensional stress is in NS-NW30. There are some differences of principal stress between secondary tectonic areas. A remarkable feature of the Bohai Sea basin is a conjugate shear rupture zone, which develops in the crust and is the major seismogenic structure.展开更多
Multi-dating on the same detrital grains allows for determining multiple different geo-thermochronological ages simultaneously and thus could provide more details about regional tectonics.In this paper,we carried out ...Multi-dating on the same detrital grains allows for determining multiple different geo-thermochronological ages simultaneously and thus could provide more details about regional tectonics.In this paper,we carried out detrital zircon fission-track and U-Pb double dating on the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments from the southern Ordos Basin to decipher the tectonic information archived in the sediments of intracratonic basins.The detrital zircon U-Pb ages and fission-track ages,together with lag time analyses,indicate that the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments in the southern Ordos Basin are characterized by multiple provenances.The crystalline basement of the North China Craton(NCC)and recycled materials from pre-Permian sediments that were ultimately sourced from the basement of the NCC are the primary provenance,while the Permian magmatites in the northern margin of NCC and Early Paleozoic crystalline rocks in Qinling Orogenic Collage act as minor provenance.In addition,the detrital zircon fission-track age peaks reveal four major tectonothermal events,including the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic post-depositional tectonothermal event and three other tectonothermal events associated with source terrains.The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic(225–179 Ma)tectonothermal event was closely related to the upwelling of deep material and energy beneath the southwestern Ordos Basin due to the coeval northward subduction of the Yangze Block and the following collision of the Yangze Block and the NCC.The Mid-Late Permian(275–263 Ma)tectonothermal event was associated with coeval denudation in the northern part of the NCC and North Qinling terrane,resulting from the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean toward the NCC.The Late Devonian-early Late Carboniferous(348±33 Ma)tectonothermal event corresponded the long-term denudation in the hinterland and periphery of the NCC because of the arc-continent collisions in the northern and southern margins of the NCC.The Late Neoproterozoic(813–565 Ma)tectonothermal event was associated with formation of the Great Unconformity within the NCC and may be causally related to the Rodinia supercontinent breakup driven by a large-scale mantle upwelling.展开更多
The Eurasian teleconnection pattern (EU) is an important low-frequency pattern with well-known impacts on climate anomalies in Eurasia. The difference of low-level v-winds in several regions in the Eurasian mid-high...The Eurasian teleconnection pattern (EU) is an important low-frequency pattern with well-known impacts on climate anomalies in Eurasia. The difference of low-level v-winds in several regions in the Eurasian mid-high latitudes is defined as the EU index (EUIv). In this study, the relationship between the winter EUIv and precipitation in the following summer over China is investigated. Results show that there is a significant positive (negative) correlation between the winter EUIv and the following summer precipitation over North China (the Yangtze River-Huaihe River basins). Meanwhile, an interdecadal variability exists in the interannual relationship, and the correlation has become significantly enhanced since the early 1980s. Thus, the proposed EUIv may have implications for the prediction of summer precipitation anomalies over China. In positive winter EUIv years, three cyclonic circulation anomalies are observed--over the Ural Mountains, the Okhotsk Sea, and the subtropical western North Pacific. That is, the Ural blocking and Okhotsk blocking are inactive, zonal circulation prevails in the mid-high latitudes, and the western Pacific subtropical high tends to be weaker and locates to the north of its normal position in the following summer. This leads to above-normal moisture penetrating into the northern part of East China, and significant positive (negative) precipitation anomalies over North China (the Yangtze River-Huaihe River basins), and vice versa. Further examination shows that the SST anomalies over the Northwest Pacific and subtropical central North Pacific may both contribute to the formation of EUIv-related circulation anomalies over the western North Pacific.展开更多
文摘The evolution of shale reservoirs is mainly related to two functions:mechanical compaction controlled by ground stress and chemical compaction controlled by thermal effect.Thermal simulation experiments were conducted to simulate the chemical compaction of marine-continental transitional shale,and X-ray diffraction(XRD),CO2 adsorption,N2 adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection(MIP)were then used to characterize shale diagenesis and porosity.Moreover,simulations of mechanical compaction adhering to mathematical models were performed,and a shale compaction model was proposed considering clay content and kaolinite proportions.The advantage of this model is that the change in shale compressibility,which is caused by the transformation of clay minerals during thermal evolution,may be considered.The combination of the thermal simulation and compaction model may depict the interactions between chemical and mechanical compaction.Such interactions may then express the pore evolution of shale in actual conditions of formation.Accordingly,the obtained results demonstrated that shales having low kaolinite possess higher porosity at the same burial depth and clay mineral content,proving that other clay minerals such as illite-smectite mixed layers(I/S)and illite are conducive to the development of pores.Shales possessing a high clay mineral content have a higher porosity in shallow layers(<3500 m)and a lower porosity in deep layers(>3500 m).Both the amount and location of the increase in porosity differ at different geothermal gradients.High geothermal gradients favor the preservation of high porosity in shale at an appropriate Ro.The pore evolution of the marine-continental transitional shale is divided into five stages.Stage 2 possesses an Ro of 1.0%-1.6%and has high porosity along with a high specific surface area.Stage 3 has an Ro of 1.6%-2.0%and contains a higher porosity with a low specific surface area.Finally,Stage 4 has an Ro of 2.0%-2.9%with a low porosity and high specific surface area.
文摘Refering to geological evidences and recent Lincheng-Julu deep seismic reflection profile in the west-central part of North China Basin, it is concluded preliminarily that a low angle detachment structure may exist in the central part of North China depression. Numerical method is used to simulate the influence of hot mantle intrusive bodies to Cenozoic basin tectonic movements. Numerical simulations show that,① The intrusion of hot mantle material has led to an extensional stress state in the upper crust in central North China depression. As time increasing, the extensional stress state changed slightly in the upper crust and was in keeping with the normal faulting tectonics in the upper crust in depression area. ② In Cenozoic era, under the effects of magmatic intrusion and the resistance of Taihang Mountain, the weak zone produced by the Mesozoic thrust faulting would become a detachment structure.③ With the elapse of time, the horizontal compressive stress gradually concentrated in the median crust, and the concentration of stress may generate strike-slip earthquakes in the median crust above the intrusive body.
基金the financial support for this study from the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant No.90814005)Natural Science Foundations of China (Grant No.41172127)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics (Grant No.BJ081334)the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (China University of Petroleum, 2008)
文摘The hydrocarbon potential of the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is not well known, compared to the other areas of the basin, despite its substantial petroleum system.Restoration of a depth-converted seismic profile across the Hangjinqi Fault Zone(HFZ) in the eastern Hangjinqi area shows one compression that created anticlinal structures in the Late Triassic, and two extensions in ~Middle Jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous, which were interrupted by inversions in the Late Jurassic–Early Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, respectively.Hydrocarbon generation at the well locations in the Central Ordos Basin(COB) began in the Late Triassic.Basin modeling of Well Zhao-4 suggests that hydrocarbon generation from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures of the northern Shanbei Slope peaked in the Early Cretaceous, predating the inversion in the Late Cretaceous.Most source rocks in the Shanbei Slope passed the main gas-migration phase except for the Hangjinqi area source rocks(Well Jin-48).Hydrocarbons generated from the COB are likely to have migrated northward toward the anticlinal structures and traps along the HFZ because the basin-fill strata are dipping south.Faulting that continued during the extensional phase(Late Early Cretaceous) of the Hangjinqi area probably acted as conduits for the migration of hydrocarbons.Thus, the anticlinal structures and associated traps to the north of the HFZ might have trapped hydrocarbons that were charged from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures in the COB since the Middle Jurassic.
基金funded by Sino-Probe 08-01the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No40572120)
文摘A synthesis is given in this paper on late Mesozoic deformation pattern in the zones around the Ordos Basin based on lithostratigraphic and structural analyses. A relative chronology of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress evolution was established from the field analyses of fault kinematics and constrained by stratigraphic contact relationships. The results show alternation of tectonic compressional and extensional regimes. The Ordos Basin and its surroundings were in weak N-S to NNE-SSW extension during the Early to Middle Jurassic, which reactivated E-W-trending basement fractures. The tectonic regime changed to a multi-directional compressional one during the Late Jurassic, which resulted in crustal shortening deformation along the marginal zones of the Ordos Basin. Then it changed to an extensional one during the Early Cretaceous, which rifted the western, northwestern and southeastern margins of the Ordos Basin. A NW-SE compression occurred during the Late Cretaceous and caused the termination of sedimentation and uplift of the Ordos Basin. This phased evolution of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress regimes and associated deformation pattern around the Ordos Basin best records the changes in regional geodynamic settings in East Asia, from the Early to Middle Jurassic post-orogenic extension following the Triassic collision between the North and South China Blocks, to the Late Jurassic multi-directional compressions produced by synchronous convergence of the three plates (the Siberian Plate to the north, Paleo-Pacific Plate to the east and Lhasa Block to the west) towards the East Asian continent. Early Cretaceous extension might be the response to collapse and lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 40272088,40072073)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX1-07)the Project of Large scale Geological Survey in China(200110200038).
文摘The basin-range coupling relation is a leading subject of the modern geology. In geometry, relations of this type include couplings between stretched orogenic belt and down-faulted basin, compressional orogenic belt and foreland basin, strike-slip orogenic belt and strike-slip basin and so on. Fault chains are the key for these couplings and there are typical examples for all these cases. The North China down-faulted basin is coupled west with the Taihang uplift, east with the Jiao-Liao Mountains, north with the Yanshan orogenic belt and south with the Dabie orogenic belt, that is to say, the central down-faulted basin and the surrounding orogenic belts bear a coupling relation within a uniform dynamistic system. Study shows that the central down-faulted basin and the North China mantle sub-plume structure have a close relation during their formation. Owing to intensive mantle sub-plume uplifting, the bottom of the lithosphere suffered from resistance, which caused the lithosphere of the eastern North China to be heated, thinned and fault-depressed. Meanwhile, mantle rocks that were detached outwards in the shape of mushroom was dissected by surrounding ductile shearing zones, which lead to decompression and unloading to generate hypomagmas, and a series of mantle-branch structures were formed around the down-faulted basin. There is an obvious comparability among these mantle branch structures (orogenic belts), and they have basin-range coupling relations with the central down-faulted basins.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41402219, 41302202,41125010,41302202,and 91114202)
文摘The Bohai Bay Basin is a region where part of the North China Craton has been thinned and destroyed. It has experienced two periods of crustal thinning that occurred during the Cretaceous and Paleogene, but investigations of its Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric thermal structure are limited. Therefore, in this study,the distributions of mantle heat flow, crustal heat flow, and Moho temperatures during the Meso-Cenozoic are calculated based on analyses of the thermal history of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results indicate that the ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow peaked during the late stages of the early Cretaceous and during the middle to late Paleogene. The corresponding mantle heat flow was more than 65% of the surface heat flow. Moho temperatures reached three peaks: 900-1100℃ in the late stages of the early Cretaceous;820-900℃ in the middle to late Paleogene; and(in the Linqing Depression, Cangxian Uplift, and Jizhong Depression) 770-810℃ during the early Neogene. These results reveal that the Bohai Bay Basin experienced significant geological change during the Cretaceous, including the transformation of lithospheric thermal structure from "cold mantle and hot crust" before the Cretaceous to "hot mantle and cold crust" after the Cretaceous. The results also indicate that the basin experienced two large-scale rifting events.Therefore, this work may provide the thermal parameters for further investigations of the geodynamic evolution of eastern China.
文摘The geothermal field is mainly controlled by the regional tectonic framework characterized by alternationsof uplifted and depressed basement. and exhibits a similar zoned distribution of temperatures. In the upliftedarea the geothermal gradient (G) and terrestrial heat flow value(q) of the Cenozoic sedimentary cover are rela-tively high, with G=3.5-5.0℃/100m and q=63-84mW/m;; whereas in the depressions they are rela-tively low, with G=2.7-3.5℃/100m and q=46-59mW/m;. In the whole region, G=3.58℃/100m and q=61.5±13.4nW/m;, indicating a comparatively high geothermal background and the presence of localgeothermal anomalies. A comparison of the results of mathematical simulation of the geothermal field with themeasured values shows a good agrecment between them. The geothermal difference between various tectonicunits is caused chiefly by the lateral and vertical variation of thermal properties of shallow crustal rocks. Thisphenomenon can be regarded as the result of redistribution of relatively uniform heat flows from the deep crustin the surficial part of the crust in the process of their upward conduction.
基金funded by National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China - 973 Program" Potash formation mechanism, conditions and late evolution in Ordovician ancient epicontinental sea basin, Erdos" (No. 2011CB403001)China Geological survey work Program - " Potash resources investigation and evaluation in Northern Shaanxi Ordovician Salt Basin " (No. 1212011085516)
文摘1 Introduction Currently,all six different continents have discovered potash deposits and potash-bearing salt lake saline water.However,the distribution is extremely uneven,which is mostly concentrated in Canada,Russia,Middle-Asia and
基金supported by the N ational Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 40272088 and 40072073)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX 1-07)the Project of Large-scale Geological Survey in China(20001 10100038).
文摘The basin-and-range area in eastern North China is known for frequent occurrence of earthquakes, their great magnitudes and heavy losses thereby incurred. Seismic studies in the past usually emphasized the intersections, inflexions and branches of the faults. However, the intensities of many great earthquakes in this area do not show linear distribution, and the epicenters are horizontally dispersed at certain depths instead of along the strike of faults. Based on the sub-mantle plume studies made by authors in the past decade, it is thought that there exists an uplifted sub-mantle plume under the fault depression area in North China. The uplifting and intrusion of mantle materials caused the upper crust to be faulted, while low-velocity and high-velocity layers are alternatively distributed in the middle crust under the influence of the mantle and the lower crust. The middle and lower crust materials were detached from the top of the sub-mantle plume to the surroundings while the sub-mantle plume materials were detached outward. When the detached middle and lower crust come to the boundary of fault basins in the upper crust, they will be obstructed by the orogenic zone and the detachment will go slower. The shearing between them will cause the stress to accumulate and release alternatively, so that earthquakes occurred frequently in the areas of sub-mantle plume and its surroundings.
文摘The North Yellow Sea Basin ( NYSB ), which was developed on the basement of North China (Huabei) continental block, is a typical continental Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the sea area. Its Mesozoic basin is a residual basin, below which there is probably a larger Paleozoic sedimentary basin. The North Yellow Sea Basin comprises four sags and three uplifts. Of them, the eastern sag is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary sag in NYSB and has the biggest sediment thickness; the current Korean drilling wells are concentrated in the eastern sag. This sag is comparatively rich in oil and gas resources and thus has a relatively good petroleum prospect in the sea. The central sag has also accommodated thick Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments. The latest research results show that there are three series of hydrocarbon source rocks in the North Yellow Sea Basin, namely, black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The principal hydrocarbon source rocks in NYSB are the Mesozoic black shale. According to the drilling data of Korea, the black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous have all come up to the standards of good and mature source rocks. The NYSB owns an intact system of oil generation, reservoir and capping rocks that can help hydrocarbon to form in the basin and thus it has the great potential of oil and gas. The vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon resources is mainly considered to be in the Cretaceous and then in the Jurassic.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2011ZX05044,2011ZX05007-004)
文摘Based on the Late Paleozoic geological background and the latest exploration achievements of the Ordos Basin and North China platform, it is concluded that during the sedimentary period of Permian He 8 Member, the area in concern had multiple material sources, multiple river systems, flat terrain, shallow sedimentary water, widely distributed fluvial facies sand body and no continuous lake area, so alluvial river sedimentary system developed in the whole region. Based on stratigraphic correlation and division, and a large number of drilling and outcrop data, a comprehensive analysis of lithofacies and sedimentary facies types and distribution was carried out to reconstruct the ancient geographic pattern of the He 8 Member sedimentary period. The results of paleogeography restoration show that the area of Ordos Basin was the "runoff area" in the sedimentary slope in the western part of the North China platform during the sedimentary period of He 8 Member, the whole region was mainly alluvial plain sedimentation featuring alternate fluvial facies, flood plain facies and flood-plain lake facies. According to the results of flume deposition simulation experiment, a new sedimentary model of "alluvial river & flood-plain lake" is established, which reveals the genesis of large area gravel sand body in He 8 Member of this area and provides geological basis for the exploration of tight gas in the south of the basin.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(NBRPC,973 program)(2011CB403001)
文摘Aeromagnetic anomaly zonation of the Ordos Basin and adjacent areas was obtained by processing high-precision and large-scale aeromagnetic anomalies with an approach of reduction to the pole upward continuation. Comparative study on aeromagnetic and seismic tomography suggests that aeromagnetic anomalies in this area are influenced by both the magnetic property of the rock and the burial depth of the Precambrian crystalline basement. Basement depth might be the fundamental control factor for aeromagnetic anomalies because the positive and negative anomalies on the reduction to the pole- upward-continuation anomaly maps roughly coincide with the uplifts and depressions of the crystalline basement in the basin. The results, together with the latest understanding of basement faults, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of metamorphic rock and granite, drilling data, detrital zircon ages, and gravity data interpretation, suggest that the Ordos block is not an entirety of Archean.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (40238059, 40172101).
文摘The Bohai Sea basin is located in the east to the Cenozoic rift basin of North China. It is a inner-land sea basin formed during Late Quaternary time. In this basin there are numerous active faults and many major earthquakes have occurred. Its major active tectonic zones are the northern section of the NE trending Yingkou-Weifang fault zone, Miaoxibei-Huanghekou-Linyi fault zone, and NW striking Beijing-Penglai fault zone, which intersect at the center of the Bohai Sea basin. These tectonic zones subdivide the sea area into four secondary neotectonic areas, which are subject to the recent tectonic stress field. Using the data of 38 focal plane solutions and 75 drill stress measurements, and the result of numerical modeling, we analyze the recent tectonic stress field of this region. Our result shows that this stress field is characterized by dominant horizontal or nearly horizontal stress. Its compres-sive stress is in the direction NE60~90, and the tensional stress is in NS-NW30. There are some differences of principal stress between secondary tectonic areas. A remarkable feature of the Bohai Sea basin is a conjugate shear rupture zone, which develops in the crust and is the major seismogenic structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41572102,41330315,41102067,and 41172127)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2018JM4001)
文摘Multi-dating on the same detrital grains allows for determining multiple different geo-thermochronological ages simultaneously and thus could provide more details about regional tectonics.In this paper,we carried out detrital zircon fission-track and U-Pb double dating on the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments from the southern Ordos Basin to decipher the tectonic information archived in the sediments of intracratonic basins.The detrital zircon U-Pb ages and fission-track ages,together with lag time analyses,indicate that the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments in the southern Ordos Basin are characterized by multiple provenances.The crystalline basement of the North China Craton(NCC)and recycled materials from pre-Permian sediments that were ultimately sourced from the basement of the NCC are the primary provenance,while the Permian magmatites in the northern margin of NCC and Early Paleozoic crystalline rocks in Qinling Orogenic Collage act as minor provenance.In addition,the detrital zircon fission-track age peaks reveal four major tectonothermal events,including the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic post-depositional tectonothermal event and three other tectonothermal events associated with source terrains.The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic(225–179 Ma)tectonothermal event was closely related to the upwelling of deep material and energy beneath the southwestern Ordos Basin due to the coeval northward subduction of the Yangze Block and the following collision of the Yangze Block and the NCC.The Mid-Late Permian(275–263 Ma)tectonothermal event was associated with coeval denudation in the northern part of the NCC and North Qinling terrane,resulting from the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean toward the NCC.The Late Devonian-early Late Carboniferous(348±33 Ma)tectonothermal event corresponded the long-term denudation in the hinterland and periphery of the NCC because of the arc-continent collisions in the northern and southern margins of the NCC.The Late Neoproterozoic(813–565 Ma)tectonothermal event was associated with formation of the Great Unconformity within the NCC and may be causally related to the Rodinia supercontinent breakup driven by a large-scale mantle upwelling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41505061,41530531 and 41405092)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB955902 and 2013CB430204)
文摘The Eurasian teleconnection pattern (EU) is an important low-frequency pattern with well-known impacts on climate anomalies in Eurasia. The difference of low-level v-winds in several regions in the Eurasian mid-high latitudes is defined as the EU index (EUIv). In this study, the relationship between the winter EUIv and precipitation in the following summer over China is investigated. Results show that there is a significant positive (negative) correlation between the winter EUIv and the following summer precipitation over North China (the Yangtze River-Huaihe River basins). Meanwhile, an interdecadal variability exists in the interannual relationship, and the correlation has become significantly enhanced since the early 1980s. Thus, the proposed EUIv may have implications for the prediction of summer precipitation anomalies over China. In positive winter EUIv years, three cyclonic circulation anomalies are observed--over the Ural Mountains, the Okhotsk Sea, and the subtropical western North Pacific. That is, the Ural blocking and Okhotsk blocking are inactive, zonal circulation prevails in the mid-high latitudes, and the western Pacific subtropical high tends to be weaker and locates to the north of its normal position in the following summer. This leads to above-normal moisture penetrating into the northern part of East China, and significant positive (negative) precipitation anomalies over North China (the Yangtze River-Huaihe River basins), and vice versa. Further examination shows that the SST anomalies over the Northwest Pacific and subtropical central North Pacific may both contribute to the formation of EUIv-related circulation anomalies over the western North Pacific.