ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA’S NORTH,CENTRAL & SOUTH COASTAL REGIONS

Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open

Comparative Assessment of the Proximate and Mineral Composition of <i>Cucumis sativus</i>L. and <i>Solanum aethiopicum</i>L. Fruit Samples Grown in South Eastern and North Central Regions of Nigeria Respectively

Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of Solanum aethiopicum L. and Cucumis sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters (ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72.49 - 88.23, 2.15 - 3.67, 1.31 - 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the Cucumis sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 - 0.46, 0.90 - 1.14 and 3.88% - 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca had mean range of values of 1.36 - 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3 μg/g respectively in the C. sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria shows that consumption of the fruit samples (S aethiopicum L. and C. sativus L.) especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.

Comparative Assessment of the Phytochemical and Selected Heavy Metal Levels in <i>Cucumis sativus</i>L. and <i>Solanum aethiopicum</i>L. Fruit Sample Grown in South Eastern and North Central Regions of Nigeria Respectively

Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in Solanum aethiopicum L. and Cucumis sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the C. sativus L. fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 - 0.96 μg/g were the range of mean values of Pb, Cd and Cu respectively in the C. sativus L. fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria. Of the three investigated heavy metals, only Cd was at toxic levels in the C. sativus L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. This is therefore a health concern to the fruit consumers that includes these fruits in their habitual daily fruit diets. Although the therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits that would be derived from consuming, the investigated fruit samples has been shown in this study, there is therefore a possible risk of undue exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal, especially through growing these fruits in polluted soils resulting from unwholesome anthropogenic practices. For fruit consumers to derive maximum health benefits from consuming these fruits, pollutants like heavy metals must be at non-toxic levels and this can only be achieved by ensuring that these fruits samples are grown and harvested in environments with less anthropogenic activities.

DEFINITING AND ITS GEOLOGIC MEANING OF SOUTH-NORTH TREND FAULTED STRUCTURE BELT IN QIANGTANG BASIN, NORTH PART OF TIBET

There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°～96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.

中国南北经济差距的演化格局与驱动因素:1978—2022年

在新时代新征程,南北经济差距持续扩大成为中国区域发展不平衡的重要表现,制约着区域协调发展和共同富裕目标的实现。借助中国1978—2022年30个省份的长面板数据,从经济总量和均量双重视角,对中国南北经济差距的演化格局和驱动因素进行考察。结果显示,中国南北经济差距先后经历了“差距扩大(1978—1991年)、差距先扩大后缩小(1992—2012年)、差距再扩大(2013—2022年)”发展阶段。区域差异分析结果表明,南北地区内部差异是中国南北经济差距的主要来源,而南北地区之间经济差距日益扩大,逐渐成为中国南北经济差距形成的重要因素。改革开放以来,中国南北经济差距的演变受到自然禀赋、物质资本、人力资本、产业结构和市场化进程等因素影响,其主导因素逐渐由人力资本和物质资本转变为市场化进程。文章为统筹南北地区协同发展、推动高质量发展的区域经济新格局提供了有益启示。

我国南北差距的历史演变与趋势研判

近年来,我国南北差距快速扩大问题受到社会各界的高度关注。分析可得数据发现,2021—2022年南北差距扭转了过去快速扩大的势头,南北差距的绝对水平和相对占比都有所下降。从行业看,工业和房地产业的差距缩小是南北差距缩小的主要原因;从部门看,政府财政收入、企业利润的南北差距都有所缩小,但居民收入的差距并没有缩小。结合国内外整体经济形势、省份经济表现等,我国已充分认识到南北差距扩大问题并采取措施应对,加之新冠疫情、俄乌冲突、国际通货膨胀特别是能源价格上涨、房地产市场波动等多重因素叠加,使得2021年以来南北差距有所缩小。但影响因素是短期性的,南北差距的长期趋势仍有待观察。南北差距扩大是我国区域发展格局出现的重大问题,应对南北差距扩大问题需有新思路,要发挥地区比较优势,尊重产业和人口向优势区域集中的客观规律,为重点开发地区、生态脆弱地区、能源资源地区等制定差异化开发政策,为重点生态功能区、农产品主产区、困难地区提供有效转移支付。

南水北调中线水源区植被指数时空变化分析

通过单线性回归(SLOPE)和地理加权回归(GWR)法,用植被指数(NDVI)研究南水北调中线水源区的植被分布变化趋势及机制,为保障水量和水质提供理论支撑。结果表明,2000—2019年水源区NDVI和入库流量呈现同步增长,植被逐渐变好,2007年以前NDVI增长幅度大,2008—2011年处于波动阶段,2012年以后增长幅度减小;NDVI变化最明显的是研究区东北部、西部和丹江口库区周边,这些区域地势相对低平、人口集中,中山和高山区NDVI变化不大;高程、坡度、人口数和城镇化是影响水源区NDVI分布的主要因素,降水、气温和产业比重是次要因素;各因素影响的强度和方向在空间上有异质性,自然地理因素对NDVI影响的最显著范围为高程1090 m以下、年均降水量980 mm以上的区域,人文地理因素影响的显著范围区是人口密度大、城镇化率高的地区。

中国南北地区差异的要素分解与政策启示

21世纪以来,中国南北地区差异日益扩大,各增长要素作用差异明显。利用发展核算基础上的地区差异分解框架和1978—2022年中国省级地区数据,研究全要素生产率、物质资本、劳动投入对南北地区经济差异的影响,结果发现,南北地区总产出差异总体上呈现出持续扩大的趋势,但劳均产出近十多年来变化不大,劳动力和资本流入成为南方地区总产出更快增长的重要因素;全要素生产率差异一直是影响南北差异的重要因素,在很大程度上将会主导未来的区域差异趋势;物质资本差异受区域政策影响比较突出,但政策效果需要多方面协调考虑。要素分解对于缩小中国南北差异的政策启示在于,各地区要因地制宜发展新质生产力,进一步扩大改革开放,加快国际国内统一大市场建设,从而形成优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局。

国际南北运输走廊发展进程与前景分析

俄乌冲突爆发后,西方国家对俄制裁趋于常态化,欧亚运输网络中经俄罗斯进入欧洲的运输路线遭遇阻碍。在此背景下,联通波罗的海、里海、印度洋的南北向国际运输走廊地缘战略意义得到提升。以俄罗斯、伊朗、印度为代表的国家正将国际南北运输走廊建设重新提上议事日程,试图在新的动荡变革时期寻求新的战略通道突破,为贸易发展与能源领域合作创造机遇。当前,国际南北运输走廊沿线国家的主观建设需求显著提升,但沿线国家发展走廊的主观需求与客观建设能力及货运需求不匹配的核心问题短期内难以解决。长远来看,国际南北运输走廊以里海—中亚为轴心,拥有与传统欧亚运输线路对接的重要潜力,有望促进欧亚运输体系的多象限发展,深度激发欧亚大陆的国际物流大通道作用。国际南北运输走廊辐射面广,需要沿线及辐射地区国家齐心协力积极应对复杂局面,共同营造多方共赢的开放发展格局。为发挥更为巨大的联通效应,国际南北运输走廊的未来发展离不开与“一带一路”倡议的务实对接。

中国农村区域发展的南北差异及其驱动力分析

基于2010−2019年中国农村区域发展指标的面板数据,分别采用熵权TOPSIS模型、人口加权变异系数双维分解和二次指派程序(QAP)考察中国农村区域发展南北差异的事实特征、结构特征和驱动特征,结果表明中国农村区域发展与中国区域发展演化具有一致性,存在南北差距扩大的发展态势。研究发现:(1)事实特征:中国农村区域发展水平总体向好,但“南强于北”的典型特征和“南快于北”的演进特征进一步凸显;(2)结构特征:一方面,中国农村区域发展地区差距总体有所下降,另一方面,现有差距主要源于北方地区内部差距,但南北间差距对总体差距的贡献显著上升;(3)驱动特征:中国农村区域发展以外源驱动为主,农村区域发展南北差距的驱动力量依次是产业高级化>城镇化>市场化>资源禀赋。

赋能中的分化:数字技术扩散与中国南北经济增长“失衡”

利用中国授权专利信息测算省级层面的数字技术扩散及其分化,在此基础上探究数字技术扩散分化对中国南北经济增长差距的影响,验证其作用机制并进一步分析数字技术扩散在中国南北分化的形成机理。研究发现,无论是经济的总量规模、人均状况还是发展质量,数字技术扩散分化都扩大了中国南北经济增长差距。机制分析表明,数字技术扩散在中国南北分化导致了南方与北方之间人力资本的不平衡积累、产业升级的不平衡演进和市场潜能的不平衡拓展,进而影响了南北经济增长差距。进一步研究还发现,南方与北方在市场激励机制与信息化水平、高技术产业发展与生产性服务业集聚、人口流动与人口结构等方面的差异,是数字技术扩散在中国南北分化的重要原因。因此,统筹区域协调发展要顺应数字化浪潮,一方面要防止数字技术扩散过度分化,另一方面要将数字技术扩散与实体经济的全方位、全过程融合作为主要抓手,不断缩小地区间发展差距。

中医体质与骨质疏松症相关性的南北方地区差异Meta分析

目的:探索南北方地区骨质疏松症患者中医体质的分布特点。方法:筛选2009年4月至2023年8月发表的有关中医体质与骨质疏松相关性研究的文献,以“骨质疏松”“中医体质”“osteoporosis”“traditional Chinese medical constitution”等为主题词进行检索,将最终纳入研究的文献按地区进行南北方划分,对纳入文献中的体质与骨质疏松数据进行南北方差异分析。结果:最终纳入研究的文献共19篇,其中南方地区9篇,北方地区10篇。Meta分析结果显示,南方地区气虚质(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.68~3.62)、阳虚质(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.83~2.63)发生骨质疏松的风险较高,痰湿质(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.32~0.53)及湿热质(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35~0.89)为其保护性体质;北方地区血瘀质(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.51~3.58)、阳虚质(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.56~3.34)及阴虚质(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07~2.64)发生骨质疏松的风险较高。结论:南北方地区体质与骨质疏松的相关性具有差异,在南方,气虚质、阳虚质为危险因素,痰湿质、湿热质为保护因素;在北方,血瘀质、阳虚质、阴虚质为危险因素。

蒙元时期边疆屯垦经济的发展、南北差异及环境成因

屯垦经济是古代边疆经济的重要组成部分。尤其在蒙元时期,边疆屯垦经济的发展不仅成效巨大,而且南北边疆呈现出显著的发展差异和趋势特点。究其原因,运用气候变迁、生态平衡与非平衡等研究视角可以发现,中世纪暖期气候转向小冰期,以及由此引发的南北边疆生态环境不同变化和生态系统(平衡与非平衡性)对屯垦生产影响制约作用的改变,再加上由此带来的疫病影响等因素,是造成这一时期南北边疆屯垦经济差异发展的主要环境成因。

南水北调中线供水区水域面积变化遥感分析

为更好地研究调水对供水区域水域面积的影响,利用遥感技术研究了南水北调中线工程调水前后供水区及其下游四季的水域面积变化情况及其动因。研究表明:在调水工程实施之后,汉江中下游区域出现了水域面积大幅度下降的情况,汉江流域水域面积从2011年到2015年整体减少,尤其是春夏季水域面积减少最多,春季减少52.6km^(2),夏季减少65.8km^(2),减少比例达到17.3%,秋季和冬季水域面积减少幅度较小,秋季水域面积减少23.4km^(2),冬季水域面积减少最少,为4.2km^(2)。

The burden of and risk factors for active trachoma in the North and South Wollo Zones of Amhara Region,Ethiopia:a crosssectional study

Background:Trachoma is a disease of the eye,caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis,which can lead to blindness if left untreated.Ethiopia is one of the most trachoma-affected countries in the world.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for active trachoma among children in selected woredas of North and South Wollo Zones in Amhara Region,Ethiopia.Methods:This study was a community-based,cross-sectional study,which was conducted from October to December 2014 among children aged 1-8.A four-stage random cluster sampling technique was employed to select the study areas and participants.From each selected household,one child was clinically assessed for active trachoma.A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic,behavioral,and clinical data.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between predictor variables and active trachoma.Results:The overall prevalence of active trachoma among 1358 children was found to be 21.6%(95%CI:19.4-23.8%).When analyzed by the presence or absence of individual WHO simplified system signs of active trachoma,trachomatous inflammation-follicular cases constituted18%(95%CI:15.9-20.2%),while 4.7%(95%CI:3.6-5.8%)were trachomatous inflammation-intense cases.Ocular discharge(aOR=5.2;95%CI:3.3-8.2),nasal discharge(aOR=1.8;95%CI:1.2-2.7),time taken to fetch water(aOR=0.02;95%CI:0.01-0.05),frequency of hand and face washing(aOR=4.4;95%CI:1.1-17.8),and access to a latrine(aOR=0.006;95%CI:0.001-0.030)were found to be independently associated with the presence of active trachoma.Conclusions:There is a high burden of active trachoma among children in the study areas.Lack of personal hygiene and limited access to a safe water supply and latrines were associated with increased prevalence of active trachoma.In order to reduce the burden of active trachoma,facial cleanliness and environmental improvement components of the SAFE strategy should be upgraded in the study areas.

南水北调工程运行对河北省地下水位变化的影响研究

为探讨南水北调工程对河北省平原区地下水位变化的影响,收集和分析不同时期的地下水位数据。研究结果显示:南水北调工程投入运行后,河北省地下水埋深整体呈现先下降后上升的趋势;不同地区和不同水文条件下的地下水位变化与南水北调工程之间存在显著差异。综上所述,南水北调工程对河北省地下水位的影响是复杂而多样化的,确定南水北调工程对河北地下水位的恢复是积极的,研究结果对合理管理和保护河北省地下水资源具有重要意义。

南水北调东中两线不同水文区降水丰枯遭遇性分析

南水北调东中两线不同水文区来水的丰枯遭遇性是跨流域水资源调配必须考虑的重要问题。据年、季和月三种不同时间尺度的降水系列分别探讨了华北地区与长江中下游及华北地区与汉江上游来水丰枯的遭遇性。结果表明 :不论是华北地区与长江中下游 ,还是华北地区和汉江上游 ,其降水丰枯异步频率都略大于丰枯同步频率。在丰枯同步现象中 ,南北同枯出现的频率较低。就适合调水的 4种丰枯遭遇情形统计 ,华北地区和长江中下游年尺度上的频率总和约为 40 % ,春季则仅为 2 8% ;而华北地区和汉江上游年尺度上的频率和为 2 4 % ,而春冬略高 ,约为 35%。因此 ,要提高南水北调工程的利用价值 ,增强工程的可靠性 ,在规划设计时必须充分考虑工程的调蓄能力 ,合理配置 ,科学调控 ,以改变天然降水的丰枯遭遇特征。

中国南北区域经济差异研究

该文论述改革开放以来,中国南北区域之间的经济相对差异基本呈缩小趋势,其程度远小于东西之间的经济相对差异,绝对差异稍有扩大。南北区域之间的经济总体水平经历了由南弱北强到南强北弱的变化过程。1993年以后,南北区域之间的经济增长速度呈现出趋同。基于南北内部区域细分的6个次区域之间的经济差异变化是导致上述南北区域之间经济差异总体变化的空间原因。

南水北调中线受水区保定平原地下水质量演变预测研究

由于多年大规模过度开采地下水,南水北调受水区保定平原地下水严重超采,部分含水层疏干,进而引发地下水降落漏斗、地面沉降及地裂缝等环境地质问题。随着南水北调工程通水,地下水压采工作持续推进,河湖生态补水工作的全面展开,华北平原局部地区地下水位已呈现回升趋势。本文针对华北平原典型区域——南水北调受水区保定平原开展地下水位回升条件下的水质演化预测研究,采用电位分布-多点位络合模型(CD-MUSIC)预测2030年浅层地下水位上升后,水岩相互作用过程中的表面络合作用、铁锰氧化物及氢氧化物的吸附作用、离子的竞争与协同吸附效应,以及不同矿物的溶解平衡反应。结果表明:至2030年保定平原浅层地下水位整体上升后,水质逐渐向盐化方向发展,HCO3-SO4型水代替HCO3型水成为保定平原主要的阴离子水化学类型,平原东部高阳-蠡县地区出现了Cl型水,Na-Ca型水成为保定平原中东部地区主要的阳离子水化学类型;地层中岩盐及石膏的矿物溶解造成平原西部的山前冲洪积扇地区TDS含量显著上升,平原东部浅层地下水漏斗区域受到强烈的阳离子交替吸附作用影响,Ca、Mg含量显著下降,TDS及硬度下降明显,水位恢复对地下水漏斗区域水质改善具有一定的积极作用。

汛期我国主要雨季进程成因及预测应用进展

汛期内我国中东部地区的雨季是东亚夏季风推进过程中的重要产物,主要包括华南前汛期、梅雨、华北雨季和华西秋雨等,各地雨季决定了我国中东部地区汛期的旱涝布局和旱涝演变,是我国汛期预测和服务的重点.该文回顾了4个雨季特征及影响因子方面的研究进展,在此基础上梳理物理概念预测模型.研究显示:海温异常是影响各区域雨季的重要先兆信号,但不同雨季的年际和年代际变化特征不同,海温作为外强迫信号的影响程度和时空形式也有差异.利用热带太平洋东西海温差指标能更好地解释华南前汛期降水的年际变化.而与梅雨的年际变化分量相关联的海温关键区主要分布于热带,与年代际或多年代际变化分量相联系的海温关键区则来自中高纬度.华北雨季降水的强弱不仅与ENSO循环的位相有关,更多受到ENSO演变速率的影响.而影响华西秋雨的海温关键区随着年代际背景的变化发生了改变,需要重新诊断和建模.