Disparities in the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood:Race and ethnicity

BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between economic wellbeing and self-esteem during adulthood.AIM To explore the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood and differences in the association across race/ethnicity.METHODS The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.The final sample consisted of 2267 African Americans,1425 Hispanics,and 3678 non-Hispanic Whites.Ordinary linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in poverty in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.More African Americans were unemployed than Whites.Those who received fringe benefits,were more satisfied with jobs,and were employed were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem.Poverty was negatively associated with self-esteem.Interaction effects were found between African Americans and job satisfaction predicting self-esteem.CONCLUSION The role of employers is important in cultivating employees’self-esteem.Satisfactory outcomes or feelings of happiness from the workplace may be more important to non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans and Hispanics.

R/S AND WAVELET ANALYSIS ON EVOLUTIONARYPROCESS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DISPARITY IN CHINA DURING PAST 50 YEARS

This paper shows the dynamic process of regional disparity of economic development in China in the past 50 years from a new insight by using the rescaled range statistic (R/S) analysis and wavelet analysis of the Theil index sequence with different time scales. The main conclusions are: 1) The regional disparity of economic development in China, including the inter-provincial disparity, inter-regional disparity and intra-regional disparity, has existed for many years. Theil index by the comparative price has revealed the true trend for comparative disparity of regional economic development from 1952 to 2000. 2) Decomposition of Theil index indicates that the dynamic trend of comparative inter-provincial disparity in the coastal region is in line with dynamic trend of inter-provincial disparity in the whole China. 3) The R/S analysis results tell us that during 1966-1978, the Hurst exponent H=0.504 approximate to 0.5, which indicates that in that period the evolution of comparative inter-provincial disparity of economic development showed a random characteristic, and in the other periods, i.e. 1952-1965, 1979-1990 and 1991-2000, the Hurst exponent H>0.5, which indicates that in those periods the evolution of the comparative inter-provincial disparity of economic development in China had a long-enduring characteristic. 4) By using wavelet analysis at different time scale, we arrived at a conclusion that the evolutionary process of the disparity of economic development of China is not a simple inverted U shape but a compound of several U shapes. The result tells us that the evolutionary plot of inter-provincial disparity in China follows the inverted U on the whole at the higher scale, 24 ( 16 years). That is to say, the disparity tends to rise in the first stage of economic development, and fall slowly over the peak in the second stage of economic development. However, if we shorten the time scale to 23 ( 8 years), then a link of several U shapes will appear.

Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis on Regional Economic Disparity of Northeast Economic Region in China

Popular regional inequality indexes such as variation coefficient and Gini coefficient can only reveal overall inequality, and have limited ability in revealing spatial dependence or spatial agglomeration. Recently some methods of exploratory spatial data analysis such as spatial autocorrelation have provided effective tools to analyze spatial agglomeration and cluster, which can reveal the pattern of regional inequality. This article attempts to use spatial autocorrelation at county level to get refined spatial pattern of regional disparity in Chinese northeast economic region over 2000-2006 (2001 absent). The result indicates that the basic trend of regional economy is an increasing concentration of growth among counties in northeast economic region, and there are two geographical clusters of poorer counties including the counties in western Liaoning Province and adjacent counties in Inner Mongolia, poorer counties of Heihe, Qiqihar and Suihua in Heilongjiang Province. This article also reveals that we can use the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis as the supplementary analysis methods in regional economic analysis.

Spatial Analysis of the Evolvement of Urban and Rural Economic Disparity in Yunnan Province,China

The per capita disposable income of urban households and the per capita net income of rural households in Yunnan Province are selected as the variable indices.Data are from the Yunnan Statistical Yearbook and the Yunnan Statistical Yearbook.Theil index and RHL value are used to carry out quantitative research on the occurrence,development and change of urban and rural economic disparity in Yunnan Province,China.Regression analysis on the evolvement trend of urban and rural economic disparity and spatial analysis on the convergence and divergence of urban and rural disparity caused by economic growth in Yunnan Province are carried out.Result shows that cities in Yunnan Province show a downward convergence;while rural areas show a downward divergence in the years 1978-2007,causing the economic disparity between urban and rural areas.Therefore,urban and rural disparity increases in Yunnan Province and the development of rural areas lags far behind the development of urban areas.Urban and rural economic disparity in Yunnan Province shows an inverted "U" shape of Kuznets Curve.In order to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural economy,suggestions are put forward,such as adopting the unbalanced development strategy,accelerating the overall economic development,promoting the development of small and medium-sized cities,enhancing the integration of urban and rural economics,appropriately supporting rural areas under poverty,and fully exerting the comparative advantage.

Identifi cation and decomposition of regional economic disparity for the west coast of Taiwan Strait of China

Regional economic disparity is a hot issue in the development of society and economy. As the conjunct of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta and the frontier to Taiwan, the west coast of the Taiwan Strait （WCS） is of great social and political significance. The paper defines the connotation of the WCS, decomposed the regional economic disparity by using weighted coefficient of variation and Theil coefficient, and explores the industrial and regional source of the regional economic disparity of the WCS. The analysis results show that： （1） the WCS has important political, economic and military position, so it＇s better to regard it to be comprehensive region, not just refer to Fujian Province; （2）from the industrial decomposition of weighted variation coefficient, the influence o.f the primary industry was tiny; conversely, the development inequity of the secondary and the tertiary, indusoy was the main source of regional economic disparity. Their contribution has had the converse trend and the secondary contribution has gone beyond the tertiary since 2003; （3）from the regional decomposition of Theil coefficient, the regional economic disparity mainly came from inter-area inequity of 4 areas. Moreover, the inner economic disparity mainly drove by Fujian, suggesting that the urban development inequity in Fujian Province was comparatively outstanding.

Effects of Industrial Relocation on Chinese Regional Economic Growth Disparities: Based on System Dynamics Modeling

The economic growth of China has led to increasing growth disparities between regions. Such disparities are uncontrolled and are severely negative symptoms in the process of economic development. On the basis of system dynamics(SD) modeling and the relationship between industrial relocation and regional economic growth, we construct a model of the interrelationship between the two aforementioned phenomena. The model is an effective and creative exploration for examining effects of industrial relocation on Chinese regional economic growth disparities. The SD model is employed in this study to build an inter-regional labor migration SD model, an inter-regional capital migration SD model, an intra-industry SD model, an intra-regional population SD model, and an intra-regional SD model which are based on realities in labor and capital flow from the view of industrial relocation. VENSIM software is utilized to perform a system simulation based on the data of the eastern, middle, and western regions from 2000 to 2010. Results show that industrial relocation gradually narrows the relative disparity in GDP among the three regions. Moreover, the absolute one is enlarged continuously. The absolute and relative disparities in per capita GDP among eastern, middle, and western regions generally exhibit decreasing trends.

The regional disparities of socio-economic development in rural Jiangsu Province,China

Since the implementation of reform and open door policy in China, Jiangsu has become one of the provinces which have the highest speed of economic development. With the implementation of the uneven development strategy, Jiangsu has witnessed a widening dichotomy in levels of socio economic development: southeast showing rapid improvement and north showing little improvement, particularly in rural areas. Based on factor analysis, it is argued that foreign investment, agricultural productivity, the character of regional economic structures, and the level of urbanization all contribute in varying ways to the inequalities in levels of socio economic development in different regions of Jiangsu. According to the levels of socio economic development, eleven regions are categorized into three groups.

The threshold effect of the urban-rural income disparity on real economic growth in China

Given China＇s dual urban-rural structure, this paper employs the Theil index for measuring and depicting China＇s urban-rural income disparity and its characteristics. Furthermore, this paper specifies a nonlinear threshold cointegration model to reveals a nonlinear relationship between the urban-rural income gap and real economic growth over a long period since reform and opening up in China. Our results show that the regime switch of the long-term nonlinear threshold relationship takes place at the 0.100 （threshold value） of the Theil index. From 1978 to 1991, the long-term effect of the urban- rural income disparity on China＇s economic growth was positive; between 1992 and 1999, there was a smooth transition to a negative effect; and from 1999 on, the negative effect has been increasing year by year. Income disparity now has the effect of retarding China＇s real economic growth.

教育不平等对居民主观幸福感的影响——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)的实证研究

在促进教育公平和改善民生福祉的双重背景下,探讨在经济高质量发展阶段,如何通过促进教育公平来进一步提高国民幸福感具有重大的理论和现实意义。使用教育基尼系数测算了各地区的教育不平等指数,并将其与中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)匹配,考察了教育不平等与居民主观幸福感的关系。研究发现,教育不平等与居民幸福感显著负相关且具有异质性,即教育不平等对受教育水平较低群体、农村地区以及中西部地区的居民主观幸福感负向影响更大。机制分析验证了教育不平等的收入分配效应和经济增长效应,尽管教育不平等会通过扩大收入差距进而降低居民幸福感,但适当的教育不平等也可以促进经济增长,从而提高居民幸福感。

长江经济带对外开放的时空格局演变分析——来自108个地级市的证据

高水平开放是实现区域协调发展和中国式现代化的重要途径。本文基于开放规模与质量、开放基础设施和开放潜力三个维度构建对外开放评价指标体系,利用熵值法、Dagum基尼系数等多种方法对2004—2021年长江经济带108个地级市对外开放水平进行了测度与分析。研究发现:(1)长江经济带的对外开放水平不断提升且呈现“下游>中游>上游”的开放格局,上游地区的开放主要受制于开放规模与质量、开放潜力,中游地区则受制于开放基础设施,中游和上游地区三个维度的发展均落后于下游地区且开放潜力差距进一步扩大;(2)对外开放总体存在较大差异但呈缩小态势,超变密度替代区域间差异成为总体差异的主要来源,上游和下游之间及上游区域内的开放差距最为明显;(3)对外开放的空间分散性持续增强,整体及上、下游区域均存在一定的极化现象,下游城市已形成高水平开放的空间高度集聚,大多数中游和上游城市则开放水平低且难以实现向上跃迁,中心城市的虹吸效应有所弱化。

外部需求冲击对中国地区间经济差距的影响

区域间经济发展差距一直是中国经济面临的突出问题之一。基于2000—2014年BACI-CEPII双边贸易数据与城市统计年鉴数据,以城市为分析对象,探究外部需求冲击对中国地区间经济差距的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:外部需求扩张会显著扩大中国地区间经济差距,该结论在经过内生性处理以及一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立;外部需求扩张提高了地区主导产业规模与关联产业强度,从而加剧外部需求扩张对地区间经济差距的拉大效应;外部需求扩张促进了城市间产业转移的发生,而且产业转移整体上缓解了外部需求扩张所引致的地区间经济差距的扩大;外部需求扩张主要加剧了东部地区与南部地区城市与全国平均水平间的经济差距,但是会缩小西部地区城市与全国平均水平间的经济差距,对中部地区与北部地区城市间经济差距的影响则不明显。

Does digitalization mitigate regional inequalities?Evidence from China

Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human well-being.In China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into the interplay between them.By analyzing the economic development and digitalization gaps at regional and city levels in China,extending the original Cobb-Douglas production function,this study aims to evaluate the impact of digitalization on China's regional inequality using seemingly unrelated regression.The results indicate a greater emphasis on digital inequality compared to economic disparity,with variable coefficients of 0.59 for GDP per capita and 0.92 for the digitalization index over the past four years.However,GDP per capita demonstrates higher spatial concentration than digitalization.Notably,both disparities have shown a gradual reduction in recent years.The southeastern region of the Hu Huanyong Line exhibits superior levels and rates of economic and digital advancement in contrast to the northwestern region.While digitalization propels economic growth,it yields a nuanced impact on achieving balanced regional development,encompassing both positive and negative facets.Our study highlights that the marginal utility of advancing digitalization is more pronounced in less developed regions,but only if the government invests in the digital infrastructure and education in these areas.This study's methodology can be utilized for subsequent research,and our findings hold the potential to the government's regional investment and policy-making.

数字金融、双循环联动与区域经济差距

选取中国2012—2022年30个省级面板数据,通过构建多种计量模型,对数字金融与区域经济差距间的关系进行理论分析与实证检验。研究结果表明,数字金融对区域经济差距具有显著抑制作用,并且在经过多重内生性与稳健性检验后,该结论依旧成立。中介效应检验结果显示,数字金融可通过提高双循环联动发展水平,显著缩小区域经济差距。拓展性检验结果显示,数字金融缩小区域经济差距的作用存在显著异质性,对南方地区与高分位点区域经济发展差距的抑制作用更强。基于此,提出推动数字金融高质量发展、促进双循环高水平联动、统筹优化区域经济发展格局的建议,以期为高效缩减区域经济差距,助力实现全体人民共同富裕的现代化提供有益借鉴。

赋能中的分化:数字技术扩散与中国南北经济增长“失衡”

利用中国授权专利信息测算省级层面的数字技术扩散及其分化,在此基础上探究数字技术扩散分化对中国南北经济增长差距的影响,验证其作用机制并进一步分析数字技术扩散在中国南北分化的形成机理。研究发现,无论是经济的总量规模、人均状况还是发展质量,数字技术扩散分化都扩大了中国南北经济增长差距。机制分析表明,数字技术扩散在中国南北分化导致了南方与北方之间人力资本的不平衡积累、产业升级的不平衡演进和市场潜能的不平衡拓展,进而影响了南北经济增长差距。进一步研究还发现,南方与北方在市场激励机制与信息化水平、高技术产业发展与生产性服务业集聚、人口流动与人口结构等方面的差异,是数字技术扩散在中国南北分化的重要原因。因此,统筹区域协调发展要顺应数字化浪潮,一方面要防止数字技术扩散过度分化,另一方面要将数字技术扩散与实体经济的全方位、全过程融合作为主要抓手,不断缩小地区间发展差距。

我国卫生资源与经济高质量发展耦合协调水平及其演变趋势

分析2011—2021年我国30个省份(因数据缺失,未包括西藏地区和港澳台地区)卫生资源与经济高质量发展耦合协调水平及其演变趋势,为促进两者协调发展提供建议。采用熵值法分别测算卫生资源和经济高质量发展水平指数,结合耦合协调度模型和莫兰指数,分析我国卫生资源与经济高质量发展耦合协调水平及其演变趋势。结果表明,从整体看,我国卫生资源与经济高质量发展耦合协调度水平从2011年的0.4760增长至2021年的0.5677;从省域看,各省耦合协调度水平在2011—2021年平均增长22.8%。2021年各省份的卫生资源与经济高质量发展耦合协调度表现为“高跨度、多层次”特征,涵盖了8个层级、7级跨度,最高为广东、浙江良好协调,最低为青海严重失调;从空间演化看,各省份卫生资源与经济高质量发展耦合协调度在空间上存在“俱乐部趋同效应”,逐步形成“HH”型和“LL”型俱乐部区域集团。因此,我国卫生资源与经济高质量发展耦合协调度有所提升,但存在省域不均衡和聚集效应。需要进一步注意省域资源禀赋差异,因地施策均衡省域间卫生资源发展水平。

我国沿海11个省区市经济差异及影响因素分析

东部沿海地区是中国经济发展的重点地区,但其内部经济差异问题相当突出。为协调东部沿海地区的经济可持续发展,部分沿海省区市在2008年前后制定并实施了沿海发展战略。文章利用变异系数和基尼系数对11个沿海省区市2000-2020年经济差异变化进行探究,结果表明,区域经济差异在此期间总体呈现缩小趋势。其阶段性特征为:2000-2004年呈现缓慢上升趋势,2004-2014年总体为下降趋势,2014-2020年呈现回升趋势。然后文章利用面板数据模型对区域经济差异的影响因素进行分析,结果表明,存在沿海开发战略对11个沿海省区市经济差异存在正向影响。

共同富裕视域下区域经济差距对刑事犯罪影响的研究

在共同富裕视域下,以2018-2020年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)共232个地区(州)的城乡收入、区域经济差距、犯罪类型、犯罪率等为调查对象,构建面板数据回归模型,得出城乡收入差距、区域经济差距与刑事犯罪间的定量关系。刑事犯罪与城市化水平、失业率、受教育水平均显著相关,提出共同富裕目标推进过程中有效预防和控制刑事犯罪发生的对策建议。

新质生产力与区域经济差距——基于产业结构高级化与合理化视角

新质生产力是推动区域协调发展的重要力量。基于2009—2022年中国272个地级市的面板数据实证考察了新质生产力对区域经济发展差距的影响,以及产业结构高级化、产业结构合理化和市场一体化在其中发挥的作用。研究发现:第一,新质生产力对区域经济差距存在显著的负向影响。但受区域经济发展水平差距和邻近地区之间的影响,这种负向影响表现出明显的区域异质性和城市经济发展水平异质性。第二,新质生产力会通过促进产业结构高级化和产业结构合理化调整对区域经济差距产生影响,因此在培育新质生产力的过程中要促进产业结构高级化和合理化发展,以保障其在新质生产力缩小区域经济差距中发挥作用。第三,市场一体化水平正向调节新质生产力对缩小区域经济发展差距的影响。

市场分割、区域不均衡发展与统一大市场建设

市场分割破坏公平交易秩序、阻碍市场准入,已成为我国经济高质量发展和产业转型升级的重要掣肘。基于2006—2020年中国31个省(区、市)的面板数据,实证探究市场分割与区域经济发展差距之间的关系,研究发现:不同区域之间的投资差距、产业差距、创新差距和环境差距,既由市场分割所引致,也进一步加剧了区域间发展不平衡;市场分割引致区域不均衡发展在中西部地区、非沿海自由贸易试验区和“一带一路”共建地区更加显著;扩大对外开放、促进数字化转型将有效降低市场分割引发的区域间经济发展差距。因此,进一步实现区域均衡发展,需要加大制度型开放,破除要素、商品及服务跨区域市场配置和自由流通的体制机制障碍,加快推动全国统一大市场建设,营造更加公平的市场竞争环境。

人口集聚、产业结构与地区间经济差距——以成渝地区双城经济圈为例

成渝地区双城经济圈建设是国家推动一体化发展的重大决策部署。基于2012—2021年成渝地区双城经济圈面板数据,运用基准模型、门槛效应模型和中介效应模型,分析成渝地区双城经济圈人口集聚、产业结构与地区间经济差距三者的相互关系及其作用机制。研究结果表明,人口集聚能显著缩小成渝地区双城经济圈地区间的经济差距;人口集聚对缩小地区间经济差距存在以产业结构为门槛的双门槛效应:当产业结构越过相应门槛值,人口集聚对地区间经济差距的影响越大;人口集聚通过促进产业结构升级的中介渠道缩小地区间的经济差距。研究结论对成渝地区双城经济圈“优化空间布局,推进区域协调发展”、实现“在发展中营造平衡”具有一定借鉴价值。