By using the monthly mean grid data of NCAR/NCEP reanalysis at 500 hPa geopotential height from 1958 to 1997,the relationship between the Northeast cold vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high was analyzed.The...By using the monthly mean grid data of NCAR/NCEP reanalysis at 500 hPa geopotential height from 1958 to 1997,the relationship between the Northeast cold vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high was analyzed.The influence of the sea surface temperature(SST) and outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) on the Northeast cold vortex and subtropical high was studied.As was shown in the results,in summer,there was a positive correlation between the Northeast cold vortex and the subtropical high,and an anti-phase relationship existed between the threshold characteristic line of GMS-SST=28 ℃ and the height index of the Northeast cold vortex and the subtropical high.With the gradual northward moving of the threshold characteristic line,the subtropical high was weakening,and the Northeast cold vortex was increasing and strengthening.展开更多
Based on the daily reanalysis data released by NCEP/NCAR and the daily precipi- tation of 753 Chinese stations from May to August during the period of 1960 to 2012, the statistical characteristics of the cold vortex i...Based on the daily reanalysis data released by NCEP/NCAR and the daily precipi- tation of 753 Chinese stations from May to August during the period of 1960 to 2012, the statistical characteristics of the cold vortex in northeastern China were analyzed. In addition, the strength index, which described the characteristics of the vortex consistently and fre- quently, and the geographical distribution were given by continuous anomalies of circulation. Based on this index, the activity routines of the cold vortex, characteristics of atmospheric circulation, and their effects on precipitation in northeastern China were analyzed. The results show that： the activities of the cold vortex exhibit remarkable features of annual and interde- cadal oscillation, and the vortex high frequency and its characteristics of atmospheric circula- tion are described more accurately by the strength index of the cold vortex, which shows a high correspondence with the vortex precipitation during early summer and midsummer in the northeast. In strong （weak） vortex years, the general circulation in the middle and high lati- tudes of Eurasia is to the advantage （disadvantage） of the formation, development and maintenance of the cold vortex, thus it is easy （difficult） to form the circulation which is bene- ficial to transmit vapor from south to north during the period of July to August. Blocking over the Ural Mountains prevails （does not prevail） in early summer, and blocking over the Sea of Okhotsk prevails （does not prevail） in midsummer. Areas where the subtropical high is too small （large） and moves toward the north too late （early） are better （worse） for the mainte- nance of the cold vortex in northeastern China.展开更多
Severe flooding occurred in Northeast China（NEC） in summer 2013. Compared with the rainfall climatology of the region, the rainy season began earlier in 2013 and two main rainy periods occurred from late June to ear...Severe flooding occurred in Northeast China（NEC） in summer 2013. Compared with the rainfall climatology of the region, the rainy season began earlier in 2013 and two main rainy periods occurred from late June to early July and from mid July to early August, respectively. During the summer season of 2013, the western Pacific subtropical high（WPSH） was located farther westward, which strengthened the southerly winds on its west side in the lower troposphere. Under this circulation pattern, more water vapor was transported to North China and NEC. Another moisture transport pathway to NEC was traced to the cross-equatorial flow over the Bay of Bengal. In mid–high latitudes in summer 2013, the Northeast Cold Vortex（NECV） was much stronger and remained stable over NEC. Thus, the cold air flow from its northwest side frequently met with the warm and wet air from the south to form stronger moisture convergence at lower levels in the troposphere, resulting in increased precipitation over the region. Correlation analysis indicated that the NECV played a more direct role than the WPSH. Synoptic analyses of the two heaviest flood cases on 2 and 16 July confirmed this conclusion. The four wettest summers in NEC before 2000 were also analyzed and the results were consistent with the conclusion that both the WPSH and the NECV led to the intense rainfall in NEC, but the NECV had a more direct role.展开更多
利用1961-2012年中国东北地区91个气象站逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和海温资料,以及经验正交函数分解EOF、显著性检验等方法,分析了东北地区夏季降水的时空分布特征、年代际变化特征及相应的环流分布型变化,探讨了不同年代际背...利用1961-2012年中国东北地区91个气象站逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和海温资料,以及经验正交函数分解EOF、显著性检验等方法,分析了东北地区夏季降水的时空分布特征、年代际变化特征及相应的环流分布型变化,探讨了不同年代际背景下东北夏季降水年际变化的环流差异。结果表明,东北夏季降水存在明显的年代际变化特征,在1961 1983年(P1)期间降水偏少,19841998年(P2)期间降水偏多,1999年之后(P3)又进入偏少时段。P2与P1时段相比,东北气旋式环流和蒙古反气旋式环流异常增强,而西北太平洋副热带地区为气旋式环流异常,来自西北太平洋偏东水汽输送贡献明显。P3与P2时段相比,东北冷涡活动偏弱,东北地区东部在850 h Pa为偏北风异常,偏南水汽输送有所减弱。进一步分析证实,北太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)对于东北地区夏季降水及相关环流型的年代际变化有重要的调制作用。P1与P3同为降水偏少时段,PDO都处于负位相,东北地区反气旋式环流都偏强;然而P1时段的多雨年,水汽输送主要来自较强的夏季风偏南气流;P3时段的多雨年,水汽输送可能主要来自西北太平洋地区。展开更多
为研究江西梅雨期暴雨的特点,利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料等对2019年6月9日和6月22日出现的2次区域性强暴雨天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:高空均处南亚高压东北侧脊线附近的反气旋环流辐散区中,500 h Pa中层中高纬均为...为研究江西梅雨期暴雨的特点,利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料等对2019年6月9日和6月22日出现的2次区域性强暴雨天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:高空均处南亚高压东北侧脊线附近的反气旋环流辐散区中,500 h Pa中层中高纬均为两槽一脊的形势,东北冷涡中心引出的东亚大槽引导槽后干冷空气南下,中低纬副热带高压稳定维持,中低层均有切变、低涡和低空急流配合是2次暴雨过程共同的环流背景特征;2次过程均存在对流性不稳定层结,利于暴雨强降水天气的出现,只是热力机制强度不同;低层切变、低涡和低空西南急流的共同作用是2次暴雨过程中相同的动力触发机制,水汽和稳定度条件满足的情况下,即使只是近地层的辐合抬升,也能触发不稳定能量的释放而造成强对流天气;低层切变、低空西南急流左侧或左前方强中心辐合带的位置是预报暴雨带位置的关键因素。展开更多
Summer rainfall is vital for crops in Northeast China. In this study, we investigated large-scale circulation anomalies related to monthly summer rainfall in Northeast China using European Center for Medium-Range Weat...Summer rainfall is vital for crops in Northeast China. In this study, we investigated large-scale circulation anomalies related to monthly summer rainfall in Northeast China using European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast ERA-40 reanalysis data and monthly rainfall data from 79 stations in Northeast China. The results show that the interannual variation in rainfall over Northeast China is mainly dominated by a cold vortex in early summer (May-June) and by the East Asian summer monsoon in late summer (July-August). In early summer, corresponding to increased rainfall in Northeast China, an anomalous cyclonic anomaly tilted westward with height appears to the northwest and cold vortices occur frequently. In late summer, the rainfall anomaly is mainly controlled by a northward shift of the local East Asian jet stream in the upper troposphere and the northwest extension of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) in the lower troposphere. The enhanced southwesterly anomaly in the west of the WPSH transports more moisture into Northeast China and results in more rainfall. In addition, compared with that in July, the rainfall in Northeast China in August is also influenced by a mid- and high-latitude blocking high over Northeast Asia.展开更多
In 2018,China experienced the hottest summer since 1961.The maximum,mean,and minimum temperatures all reached the highest.Air temperatures in most regions were much higher than normal;in northern China especially,the ...In 2018,China experienced the hottest summer since 1961.The maximum,mean,and minimum temperatures all reached the highest.Air temperatures in most regions were much higher than normal;in northern China especially,the temperature anomalies were above double of the standard deviations.Consistent variations of temperature anomalies appeared in the national mean and in northern China on different timescales from intraseasonal to annual,indicating that the above normal temperature in northern China contributed significantly to the record-breaking hot summer of entire China.Relationships among the high temperature in summer 2018,the tropospheric circulation,and the global sea surface temperatures(SSTs)are further analyzed.It is found that the intensified and more northward western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),weakened Northeast China cold vortex(NECV),and positive geopotential height anomaly from northern China to the Sea of Japan resulted in the abnormally high temperature in summer 2018.From late July to mid August,the WPSH was stronger than normal,with its ridge line jumping to north of 40°N;meanwhile,the NECV was much weaker and more northward than normal;both of the two systems led to the persistent high temperature in northern China during this period.In addition,the SSTs in Kuroshio and its extension area(K–KE)in summer 2018 were also the highest since 1961 and the greatest positive SST anomaly in K–KE was favorable for the above normal geopotential height over North China–Northeast China–Japan at 500 hPa,giving rise to the exceptionally high temperature in northern China.展开更多
文摘By using the monthly mean grid data of NCAR/NCEP reanalysis at 500 hPa geopotential height from 1958 to 1997,the relationship between the Northeast cold vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high was analyzed.The influence of the sea surface temperature(SST) and outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) on the Northeast cold vortex and subtropical high was studied.As was shown in the results,in summer,there was a positive correlation between the Northeast cold vortex and the subtropical high,and an anti-phase relationship existed between the threshold characteristic line of GMS-SST=28 ℃ and the height index of the Northeast cold vortex and the subtropical high.With the gradual northward moving of the threshold characteristic line,the subtropical high was weakening,and the Northeast cold vortex was increasing and strengthening.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41375078, No.41405094, No.41175083, No.41275096 Science and technology development plan in Jilin Province of China, No.20150204023 SF
文摘Based on the daily reanalysis data released by NCEP/NCAR and the daily precipi- tation of 753 Chinese stations from May to August during the period of 1960 to 2012, the statistical characteristics of the cold vortex in northeastern China were analyzed. In addition, the strength index, which described the characteristics of the vortex consistently and fre- quently, and the geographical distribution were given by continuous anomalies of circulation. Based on this index, the activity routines of the cold vortex, characteristics of atmospheric circulation, and their effects on precipitation in northeastern China were analyzed. The results show that： the activities of the cold vortex exhibit remarkable features of annual and interde- cadal oscillation, and the vortex high frequency and its characteristics of atmospheric circula- tion are described more accurately by the strength index of the cold vortex, which shows a high correspondence with the vortex precipitation during early summer and midsummer in the northeast. In strong （weak） vortex years, the general circulation in the middle and high lati- tudes of Eurasia is to the advantage （disadvantage） of the formation, development and maintenance of the cold vortex, thus it is easy （difficult） to form the circulation which is bene- ficial to transmit vapor from south to north during the period of July to August. Blocking over the Ural Mountains prevails （does not prevail） in early summer, and blocking over the Sea of Okhotsk prevails （does not prevail） in midsummer. Areas where the subtropical high is too small （large） and moves toward the north too late （early） are better （worse） for the mainte- nance of the cold vortex in northeastern China.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB430203)Technology Innovation Project of the Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau(nmqxkjcx201606)Climate and Climate Change Innovation Team Project of the Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau
文摘Severe flooding occurred in Northeast China（NEC） in summer 2013. Compared with the rainfall climatology of the region, the rainy season began earlier in 2013 and two main rainy periods occurred from late June to early July and from mid July to early August, respectively. During the summer season of 2013, the western Pacific subtropical high（WPSH） was located farther westward, which strengthened the southerly winds on its west side in the lower troposphere. Under this circulation pattern, more water vapor was transported to North China and NEC. Another moisture transport pathway to NEC was traced to the cross-equatorial flow over the Bay of Bengal. In mid–high latitudes in summer 2013, the Northeast Cold Vortex（NECV） was much stronger and remained stable over NEC. Thus, the cold air flow from its northwest side frequently met with the warm and wet air from the south to form stronger moisture convergence at lower levels in the troposphere, resulting in increased precipitation over the region. Correlation analysis indicated that the NECV played a more direct role than the WPSH. Synoptic analyses of the two heaviest flood cases on 2 and 16 July confirmed this conclusion. The four wettest summers in NEC before 2000 were also analyzed and the results were consistent with the conclusion that both the WPSH and the NECV led to the intense rainfall in NEC, but the NECV had a more direct role.
文摘利用1961-2012年中国东北地区91个气象站逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和海温资料,以及经验正交函数分解EOF、显著性检验等方法,分析了东北地区夏季降水的时空分布特征、年代际变化特征及相应的环流分布型变化,探讨了不同年代际背景下东北夏季降水年际变化的环流差异。结果表明,东北夏季降水存在明显的年代际变化特征,在1961 1983年(P1)期间降水偏少,19841998年(P2)期间降水偏多,1999年之后(P3)又进入偏少时段。P2与P1时段相比,东北气旋式环流和蒙古反气旋式环流异常增强,而西北太平洋副热带地区为气旋式环流异常,来自西北太平洋偏东水汽输送贡献明显。P3与P2时段相比,东北冷涡活动偏弱,东北地区东部在850 h Pa为偏北风异常,偏南水汽输送有所减弱。进一步分析证实,北太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)对于东北地区夏季降水及相关环流型的年代际变化有重要的调制作用。P1与P3同为降水偏少时段,PDO都处于负位相,东北地区反气旋式环流都偏强;然而P1时段的多雨年,水汽输送主要来自较强的夏季风偏南气流;P3时段的多雨年,水汽输送可能主要来自西北太平洋地区。
文摘为研究江西梅雨期暴雨的特点,利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料等对2019年6月9日和6月22日出现的2次区域性强暴雨天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:高空均处南亚高压东北侧脊线附近的反气旋环流辐散区中,500 h Pa中层中高纬均为两槽一脊的形势,东北冷涡中心引出的东亚大槽引导槽后干冷空气南下,中低纬副热带高压稳定维持,中低层均有切变、低涡和低空急流配合是2次暴雨过程共同的环流背景特征;2次过程均存在对流性不稳定层结,利于暴雨强降水天气的出现,只是热力机制强度不同;低层切变、低涡和低空西南急流的共同作用是2次暴雨过程中相同的动力触发机制,水汽和稳定度条件满足的情况下,即使只是近地层的辐合抬升,也能触发不稳定能量的释放而造成强对流天气;低层切变、低空西南急流左侧或左前方强中心辐合带的位置是预报暴雨带位置的关键因素。
基金supported by National Technology Support Project (Grant Nos. 2009BAC51B04, 2007BAC29B01)Key Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-220)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40575047 and 40705036)the New Technology Projects of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. CMATG2009MS01)
文摘Summer rainfall is vital for crops in Northeast China. In this study, we investigated large-scale circulation anomalies related to monthly summer rainfall in Northeast China using European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast ERA-40 reanalysis data and monthly rainfall data from 79 stations in Northeast China. The results show that the interannual variation in rainfall over Northeast China is mainly dominated by a cold vortex in early summer (May-June) and by the East Asian summer monsoon in late summer (July-August). In early summer, corresponding to increased rainfall in Northeast China, an anomalous cyclonic anomaly tilted westward with height appears to the northwest and cold vortices occur frequently. In late summer, the rainfall anomaly is mainly controlled by a northward shift of the local East Asian jet stream in the upper troposphere and the northwest extension of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) in the lower troposphere. The enhanced southwesterly anomaly in the west of the WPSH transports more moisture into Northeast China and results in more rainfall. In addition, compared with that in July, the rainfall in Northeast China in August is also influenced by a mid- and high-latitude blocking high over Northeast Asia.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1505603)National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2015BAC03B04)+2 种基金Youth Talent Development Program of China Meteorological Administration(CMA)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41205039 and 41776039)Forecasters’ Project of CMA(CMAYBY2019-149)
文摘In 2018,China experienced the hottest summer since 1961.The maximum,mean,and minimum temperatures all reached the highest.Air temperatures in most regions were much higher than normal;in northern China especially,the temperature anomalies were above double of the standard deviations.Consistent variations of temperature anomalies appeared in the national mean and in northern China on different timescales from intraseasonal to annual,indicating that the above normal temperature in northern China contributed significantly to the record-breaking hot summer of entire China.Relationships among the high temperature in summer 2018,the tropospheric circulation,and the global sea surface temperatures(SSTs)are further analyzed.It is found that the intensified and more northward western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),weakened Northeast China cold vortex(NECV),and positive geopotential height anomaly from northern China to the Sea of Japan resulted in the abnormally high temperature in summer 2018.From late July to mid August,the WPSH was stronger than normal,with its ridge line jumping to north of 40°N;meanwhile,the NECV was much weaker and more northward than normal;both of the two systems led to the persistent high temperature in northern China during this period.In addition,the SSTs in Kuroshio and its extension area(K–KE)in summer 2018 were also the highest since 1961 and the greatest positive SST anomaly in K–KE was favorable for the above normal geopotential height over North China–Northeast China–Japan at 500 hPa,giving rise to the exceptionally high temperature in northern China.
