Employing the Unit Soil Carbon Amount （USCA） approach, soil carbon storage was calcu- lated across the Northeast Plain of China based on the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey conducted in 2004-2006 （MRGS）....Employing the Unit Soil Carbon Amount （USCA） approach, soil carbon storage was calcu- lated across the Northeast Plain of China based on the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey conducted in 2004-2006 （MRGS）. The results indicated that the soil organic carbon （SOC） storage in topsoil （0-0.2 m）, subsoil （0-1 m） and deep soil （0-1.8 m） was 768.1 Mt, 2978.4 Mt and 3729.2 Mt with densities of 3327.8 t/km^2, 12,904.7 t/km^2 and 16,157.5 t/km^2, respectively. These values were consistent with national averages, whereas the soil carbon densities showed a clear increasing trend from the southern area of the Northeast Plain （Liaoning）, to the middle （Jilin） and the northern Plain （Heilongjiang） -- particularly in terms of topsoil carbon density, which increased from 2284.2, to 3436.7 and 3861.5 t/kin2, respectively. In comparison to carbon data obtained from the Second National Soil Survey in 1984--1986 （SNSS）, the topsoil SOC storage values from the MRGS were found to have decreased by 320.59 Mt （29.4%）, with an average annual decline of 16.0 Mt （1.73%） over the 20 years. In the southern, middle and northern areas of the plain, soil carbon densities decreased by 1060.6 t/km^2, 1646.4 t/kin2 and 1300.2 t/km^2, respectively, with an average value of 1389.0 t/km^2 for the whole plain. These findings indicate that the decrease in soil carbon density varied according to the different ecosystems and land-use types. Therefore, ratios of soil carbon density were calculated in order to study the carbon dynamic balance between ecosystems, and to further explore distribution characteristics, as well as the sequestration potential of SOC.展开更多
Comparing with lithofacies palaeogeography of several great plains,the authors analyzed four great plains in Quaternary diastrophism,the sedimentary facies,sedimentary environment and their evolution from the independ...Comparing with lithofacies palaeogeography of several great plains,the authors analyzed four great plains in Quaternary diastrophism,the sedimentary facies,sedimentary environment and their evolution from the independent embryonic and river system of ancient Heilongjiang finally to the Halar highland,Songnen Plain,Sanjiang Plain,the Xingkai Lake Plain and various river systems,collected the unification outside the system of Heilongjiang River to release into the sea,south ancient Xialiao River finally piracy Dongliao River,Xialiao River had released into the sea the ancient water law vicissitude and the evolved rule.展开更多
Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the eco...Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the ecotone in the west of the Northeast China Plain. The yearly and monthly maximal values,anomalies and change rates of NDVI and NDWI were calculated to reveal the interannual and seasonal changes in vegetation cover and vegetation water content. Linear regression method was adopted to characterize the trends in vegetation change. The yearly maximal NDVI decreased from 0.41 in 1998 to 0.37 in 2007,implying the decreasing trend of vegetation activity. There was a significant decrease of maximal NDVI in spring and summer over the study period,while an increase trend was observed in autumn. The vegetation-improved regions and vegetation-degraded regions occupied 17.03% and 20.30% of the study area,respectively. The maximal NDWI over growing season dropped by 0.027 in 1998–2007,and about 15.15% of the study area showed a decreasing trend of water content. Vegetation water stress in autumn was better than that in spring. Vegetation cover and water content variations were sensitive to annual precipitation,autumn precipitation and summer temperature. The vegetation degradation trend in this ecotone might be induced by the warm-drying climate especially continuous spring and summer drought in the recent ten years.展开更多
The west sandy land of the Northeast China Plain is located in the eastern huge sandy belt of mid-latitude in Eurasia and the eastern fringe of desertified land with best bio-climatic conditions in China. With rapid e...The west sandy land of the Northeast China Plain is located in the eastern huge sandy belt of mid-latitude in Eurasia and the eastern fringe of desertified land with best bio-climatic conditions in China. With rapid economic development, the deterioration of eco-environment has occurred and the desertification becomes very obvious. The first part of this paper studies the regional differences of landscape patterns and explores the regional differences of desertification. The second part aims to reveal the dynamics of desertification in the 1990s by using NOAA/AVHRR data and thematic data in GIS database. This work lays a scientific basis for the rehabilitation and development of the sandy lands.展开更多
Soil organic matter(SOM)and pH are not only an important part of soil fertility,but also a source of nutrients for plants and an energy source for the life activities of soil microorganisms(Huang,2000).Moreover,soil o...Soil organic matter(SOM)and pH are not only an important part of soil fertility,but also a source of nutrients for plants and an energy source for the life activities of soil microorganisms(Huang,2000).Moreover,soil organic matter(SOM)has a great impact on soil properties and can improve soil fertility and buffering performance.展开更多
Two-three paleosol layers were formed in the western part of the Northeast Plain. China during Holocene. These paleosol layers interlaid with eolian fine sand layers. Dated by 14C dating. archeology and TL and analyze...Two-three paleosol layers were formed in the western part of the Northeast Plain. China during Holocene. These paleosol layers interlaid with eolian fine sand layers. Dated by 14C dating. archeology and TL and analyzed by statistics.the formation periods of paleosols are divided from the results. The periods are 11, 000- 7000 5500-4500. 3500- 2800 and 1400- 1000 a B. P. respectively.According to the spore-pollen compositions in more than ten sand dune paleosol profiles, it is discovered th.t there is little spore-pollen in the sand layers and a little spore-pollen in the paleosol layers. The spore-pollen compositions in the paleosols are simple. mainly Artemisia (50% - 70%) and Chenopodiaceae. In the paleosols of 11,000 - 7000 a B. P.. the spore-pollen composition is Artemisia-Rubiaceaechenopodiaceae. The contents of Ephedra pollen in the lower and upper parts of the layer are less than that in the middle part. In the paleosols of 5500- 4500 a B. P.,the spore-pollen composition is Artem isal - Chenopod iaceae - Melilotus. There is some Salix sp. and Betula sp. pollen in the lower part of the layer and some Ephedra pollen in the upper part. In the paleosols of 3500- 2800 a B. P.. the spore-pollen composition is Artemisia Chenopodiaceae - Rubiaceae. There are som e Kochia and Baryaceae. In the paleosols of 1400-1000 a B. P., the spore-pollen composition is also Artemisia-Chjenopod tao eae - Rubiaceae. There is a little pine pollen. The grain size of paleosol is relatively coarse, but still finer than that of eolian sand and becomes coarser from the bottom to the top of the profile. This fact reflects that the weathering environments during the paleosol formation periods were wetter than that during the eolian periods and became dryer from middle to late Holocene.展开更多
The structure and dynamics of land resources system in the shelter forest region in the Northeast Plain is discussed according to the remote sensing and statistical information from the typical profiles and spots. For...The structure and dynamics of land resources system in the shelter forest region in the Northeast Plain is discussed according to the remote sensing and statistical information from the typical profiles and spots. For agricultural utilization, the land resources system is made up of five components, i.e. man, land resources, water resources,climatic resources and barren land. The local economy depends heavily upon its land resources, especially farm land. Having been exploited for 50-60 years from the 1930s to 1980s, it has already changed from the reclaiming period into the declining period.There is no waste land to be reclaimed. Facing the increase of population and requirements and the decrease of farmland fertility, proper management of land resources is indispensable if local economic and living level is maintained. It is imperative to make artificial regeneration (highest input) for the land resources and to keep fine circle of thesystem. If only natural regeneration if relied, the system will be changed to vicious circle.展开更多
基金funded by the program"National Soil Current Situation Survey and Pollution Prevention"from the China Ministry of Finance
文摘Employing the Unit Soil Carbon Amount （USCA） approach, soil carbon storage was calcu- lated across the Northeast Plain of China based on the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey conducted in 2004-2006 （MRGS）. The results indicated that the soil organic carbon （SOC） storage in topsoil （0-0.2 m）, subsoil （0-1 m） and deep soil （0-1.8 m） was 768.1 Mt, 2978.4 Mt and 3729.2 Mt with densities of 3327.8 t/km^2, 12,904.7 t/km^2 and 16,157.5 t/km^2, respectively. These values were consistent with national averages, whereas the soil carbon densities showed a clear increasing trend from the southern area of the Northeast Plain （Liaoning）, to the middle （Jilin） and the northern Plain （Heilongjiang） -- particularly in terms of topsoil carbon density, which increased from 2284.2, to 3436.7 and 3861.5 t/kin2, respectively. In comparison to carbon data obtained from the Second National Soil Survey in 1984--1986 （SNSS）, the topsoil SOC storage values from the MRGS were found to have decreased by 320.59 Mt （29.4%）, with an average annual decline of 16.0 Mt （1.73%） over the 20 years. In the southern, middle and northern areas of the plain, soil carbon densities decreased by 1060.6 t/km^2, 1646.4 t/kin2 and 1300.2 t/km^2, respectively, with an average value of 1389.0 t/km^2 for the whole plain. These findings indicate that the decrease in soil carbon density varied according to the different ecosystems and land-use types. Therefore, ratios of soil carbon density were calculated in order to study the carbon dynamic balance between ecosystems, and to further explore distribution characteristics, as well as the sequestration potential of SOC.
文摘Comparing with lithofacies palaeogeography of several great plains,the authors analyzed four great plains in Quaternary diastrophism,the sedimentary facies,sedimentary environment and their evolution from the independent embryonic and river system of ancient Heilongjiang finally to the Halar highland,Songnen Plain,Sanjiang Plain,the Xingkai Lake Plain and various river systems,collected the unification outside the system of Heilongjiang River to release into the sea,south ancient Xialiao River finally piracy Dongliao River,Xialiao River had released into the sea the ancient water law vicissitude and the evolved rule.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2009CB426305)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30370267) "Eleventh Five-year" Science and Technology In-novation Platform Foster Program of Northeast Normal University (No. 106111065202)
文摘Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the ecotone in the west of the Northeast China Plain. The yearly and monthly maximal values,anomalies and change rates of NDVI and NDWI were calculated to reveal the interannual and seasonal changes in vegetation cover and vegetation water content. Linear regression method was adopted to characterize the trends in vegetation change. The yearly maximal NDVI decreased from 0.41 in 1998 to 0.37 in 2007,implying the decreasing trend of vegetation activity. There was a significant decrease of maximal NDVI in spring and summer over the study period,while an increase trend was observed in autumn. The vegetation-improved regions and vegetation-degraded regions occupied 17.03% and 20.30% of the study area,respectively. The maximal NDWI over growing season dropped by 0.027 in 1998–2007,and about 15.15% of the study area showed a decreasing trend of water content. Vegetation water stress in autumn was better than that in spring. Vegetation cover and water content variations were sensitive to annual precipitation,autumn precipitation and summer temperature. The vegetation degradation trend in this ecotone might be induced by the warm-drying climate especially continuous spring and summer drought in the recent ten years.
文摘The west sandy land of the Northeast China Plain is located in the eastern huge sandy belt of mid-latitude in Eurasia and the eastern fringe of desertified land with best bio-climatic conditions in China. With rapid economic development, the deterioration of eco-environment has occurred and the desertification becomes very obvious. The first part of this paper studies the regional differences of landscape patterns and explores the regional differences of desertification. The second part aims to reveal the dynamics of desertification in the 1990s by using NOAA/AVHRR data and thematic data in GIS database. This work lays a scientific basis for the rehabilitation and development of the sandy lands.
基金granted by Evolution and Sustainable Utilization of Land Resources in Key Belts of Global Black Land(IGCP 665)Geochemistry Investigation on Land Quality of Black Soil in Northeast China on the Scale of 1:250,000(Grant No.121201007000150076).
文摘Soil organic matter(SOM)and pH are not only an important part of soil fertility,but also a source of nutrients for plants and an energy source for the life activities of soil microorganisms(Huang,2000).Moreover,soil organic matter(SOM)has a great impact on soil properties and can improve soil fertility and buffering performance.
文摘Two-three paleosol layers were formed in the western part of the Northeast Plain. China during Holocene. These paleosol layers interlaid with eolian fine sand layers. Dated by 14C dating. archeology and TL and analyzed by statistics.the formation periods of paleosols are divided from the results. The periods are 11, 000- 7000 5500-4500. 3500- 2800 and 1400- 1000 a B. P. respectively.According to the spore-pollen compositions in more than ten sand dune paleosol profiles, it is discovered th.t there is little spore-pollen in the sand layers and a little spore-pollen in the paleosol layers. The spore-pollen compositions in the paleosols are simple. mainly Artemisia (50% - 70%) and Chenopodiaceae. In the paleosols of 11,000 - 7000 a B. P.. the spore-pollen composition is Artemisia-Rubiaceaechenopodiaceae. The contents of Ephedra pollen in the lower and upper parts of the layer are less than that in the middle part. In the paleosols of 5500- 4500 a B. P.,the spore-pollen composition is Artem isal - Chenopod iaceae - Melilotus. There is some Salix sp. and Betula sp. pollen in the lower part of the layer and some Ephedra pollen in the upper part. In the paleosols of 3500- 2800 a B. P.. the spore-pollen composition is Artemisia Chenopodiaceae - Rubiaceae. There are som e Kochia and Baryaceae. In the paleosols of 1400-1000 a B. P., the spore-pollen composition is also Artemisia-Chjenopod tao eae - Rubiaceae. There is a little pine pollen. The grain size of paleosol is relatively coarse, but still finer than that of eolian sand and becomes coarser from the bottom to the top of the profile. This fact reflects that the weathering environments during the paleosol formation periods were wetter than that during the eolian periods and became dryer from middle to late Holocene.
文摘The structure and dynamics of land resources system in the shelter forest region in the Northeast Plain is discussed according to the remote sensing and statistical information from the typical profiles and spots. For agricultural utilization, the land resources system is made up of five components, i.e. man, land resources, water resources,climatic resources and barren land. The local economy depends heavily upon its land resources, especially farm land. Having been exploited for 50-60 years from the 1930s to 1980s, it has already changed from the reclaiming period into the declining period.There is no waste land to be reclaimed. Facing the increase of population and requirements and the decrease of farmland fertility, proper management of land resources is indispensable if local economic and living level is maintained. It is imperative to make artificial regeneration (highest input) for the land resources and to keep fine circle of thesystem. If only natural regeneration if relied, the system will be changed to vicious circle.
