Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in Cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This st...Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in Cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This study aims to assess the survival of antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients initiated under UTT in Northwest region of Cameroon. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included HIV-positive patients initiated in 2016 at 27 purposefully selected sites and followed until 2021. Data was anonymously abstracted from ART registers and patients’ charts. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox model were used to compare the survival of patients initiated under UTT with those initiated otherwise, using stata version 14.0. Results: In total, 2490 HIV-positive patients (median age 42.7 years, 94.7% adults, and 69.0% female) participated in the study. Of 1389 patients with viral load (VL) test results, 55% were initiated on ART late. The VL suppression rate of patients initiated late and those initiated early were similar. During follow-up, 1020 (40.9%) participants censored. The survival curves of patients initiated early on ART and those initiated late were similar during the first 2.5 years of follow-up but significantly (p Conclusions: This study confirms the expected impact of UTT. Programs only need to close existing implementation gaps along the critical pathways (diagnosis and treatment) of UTT, focusing more on males.展开更多
I. Human Rights Education and Training 1. Overview The Northwest University of Political Science and Law is a diversified university, highlighting law as well as covering philosophy, economics, literature, management...I. Human Rights Education and Training 1. Overview The Northwest University of Political Science and Law is a diversified university, highlighting law as well as covering philosophy, economics, literature, management, art and engineering. It is an important base for training legal professionals as well as a center for legal education, research and information in Northwest China. The university, which was established 77 years ago and has trained undergraduate students for 56 years and graduate students for 35 years, is financially supported by the Shaanxi provincial govemment.展开更多
Introduction: There is a lack of the awareness in the fruit and vegetable (F & V) recommendation among Saudi society. Although the known facts of the benefits of F & V on health, information on Saudi society f...Introduction: There is a lack of the awareness in the fruit and vegetable (F & V) recommendation among Saudi society. Although the known facts of the benefits of F & V on health, information on Saudi society following the advised recommendation whether by WHO or local are still unknown. Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to examine the perception of F & V intake among students at Umm Al-Qura University and to assess if they follow these recommendations of F & V locally and internationally. Method: Students from Umm Al-Qura University participated in this study (n = 98, age between 18 - 55). All data were collected using short online survey via Online survey—Survey Monkey in 2019. Result: 55% students were not aware of these recommendations whereas 45% were aware of WHO recommendation. The majority of students 53% have less than two portions a day of F & V. Only 14% have between two to four portions a day. 32% do not eat any portion of F & V daily. 59%, 14%, 5% of students believe that they should have five, seven, more than seven portions a day for being healthy respectively. Maintaining health, reducing the risk for chronic disease and providing essential vitamins and minerals to the body were all reasons why students believe that they should have F & V everyday by 71%. Busy lifestyle, F & V cost, lack of the awareness about the health benefits, dislike of the taste, some F & V spoiled easily were all factors affecting eating F & V daily. Conclusion: University students need educational and nutritional campaigns to spread the awareness about the health benefits of F & V. Most importantly the ministry of health should support those campaigns to increase students’ awareness and build a healthy society with a good habit.展开更多
In this paper, the dynamical behavior of an anisotropic universe in an extended gravity e.g. the f (R,T ) theory of gravity is studied. We use f (R,T ) = R + 2μT , where R is the Ricci scalar, T is the trace of energ...In this paper, the dynamical behavior of an anisotropic universe in an extended gravity e.g. the f (R,T ) theory of gravity is studied. We use f (R,T ) = R + 2μT , where R is the Ricci scalar, T is the trace of energy-momentum tensor and μ is a constant. Two cosmological models are constructed using the power law expansion and hybrid law cosmology in Bianchi type I universe, where the matter field is considered to be a perfect fluid. It is found that in both the cases the anisotropic behavior is in agreement with the observational results. The state finder diagnostic pair and energy conditions are also calculated and analyzed.展开更多
Northwestern area is the most arid and underdeveloped area in China. Lots of researches have been doneto find the approaches to alleviate poverty. But there are some problems, for example, how to invest, how to use ca...Northwestern area is the most arid and underdeveloped area in China. Lots of researches have been doneto find the approaches to alleviate poverty. But there are some problems, for example, how to invest, how to use capital,and why the utilization rate is ambiguous. Water, capital and human resources are analyzed in this paper to be comparedwith their Utilization rates. As a result, according to the dependences of economic growth on those resources, a newapproach has been selected to organize the integration ways among these resources for economic development innorthwestern China. The efficient ways to develop northwestern China are: firstly, use the wanting resources mosteffectively to make an efficient integration model of multiple resources. For example, enhance the utilization rate of waterto raise the value of other resources. Secondly, invest more in basic factors for economic development to upgrade thecompetitiveness in the western China. For example, invest more in primary education and sustainable development ofbasic natural resources in order to have more power for sustainable development.展开更多
This paper examines the stability of the transition from the early decelerating stage of the Universe to the recent accelerating stage for the perfect fluid cosmological locally rotationally symmetric(LRS) Bianchi-I m...This paper examines the stability of the transition from the early decelerating stage of the Universe to the recent accelerating stage for the perfect fluid cosmological locally rotationally symmetric(LRS) Bianchi-I model in f(R, T) theory. To determine the solution of field equations, the idea of a timevarying deceleration parameter(DP) which yields a scale factor, for which the Universe attains a phase transition scenario and is consistent with recent cosmological observations, is used. The time-dependent DP yields a scale factor a=exp■, where β and k are respectively arbitrary and integration constants. By using the recent cons_traints(H_0 _= 73.8, and q_0 =-0.54) from Type Ia Supernova(SN Ia) data in combination with Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations(BAO) and Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB) observations(Giostri et al.), we obtain the values of β = 0.0062 and k = 0.000016 for which we have derived a cosmological model from the early decelerated phase to the present accelerating phase. By applying_ other r_ecent constraints(H_0 = 73.8, q_0 =-0.73) from SNe Ia Union data(Cunha), we obtain the values of β = 0.0036 and k = 0.000084 for which we have derived a cosmological model in the accelerating phase only. We have compared both models with experimental data. The stability of the background solution has been examined also for the metric perturbations alongside the properties of future singularities in a Universe ruled by dark energy with phantom type fluid. We demonstrate the presence of a stable fixed point with a condition of state ω <-1 and numerically affirm this is really a late-time attractor in the ghost overwhelmed Universe. Some physical and geometric properties of the model are found and examined.展开更多
In the present study, a homogeneous and anisotropic LRS Bianchi type I universe model is considered in <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>, <i>T</i>) theory of gravity. In order to find an exact solu...In the present study, a homogeneous and anisotropic LRS Bianchi type I universe model is considered in <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>, <i>T</i>) theory of gravity. In order to find an exact solution of the field equations of the model, the model presented is based on a unique condition of periodically time varying deceleration parameter. The physical and geometrical characteristics of the universe model have been studied. It has been shown that the model has point-type singularity and all the cosmological parameters possess periodic time behavior. The model has a cyclic expansion history, for example, the model starts with the decelerating expansion, and later it transits to an accelerating phase of expansion and then goes to super-exponential phase of expansion in a period.展开更多
文摘Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in Cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This study aims to assess the survival of antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients initiated under UTT in Northwest region of Cameroon. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included HIV-positive patients initiated in 2016 at 27 purposefully selected sites and followed until 2021. Data was anonymously abstracted from ART registers and patients’ charts. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox model were used to compare the survival of patients initiated under UTT with those initiated otherwise, using stata version 14.0. Results: In total, 2490 HIV-positive patients (median age 42.7 years, 94.7% adults, and 69.0% female) participated in the study. Of 1389 patients with viral load (VL) test results, 55% were initiated on ART late. The VL suppression rate of patients initiated late and those initiated early were similar. During follow-up, 1020 (40.9%) participants censored. The survival curves of patients initiated early on ART and those initiated late were similar during the first 2.5 years of follow-up but significantly (p Conclusions: This study confirms the expected impact of UTT. Programs only need to close existing implementation gaps along the critical pathways (diagnosis and treatment) of UTT, focusing more on males.
文摘I. Human Rights Education and Training 1. Overview The Northwest University of Political Science and Law is a diversified university, highlighting law as well as covering philosophy, economics, literature, management, art and engineering. It is an important base for training legal professionals as well as a center for legal education, research and information in Northwest China. The university, which was established 77 years ago and has trained undergraduate students for 56 years and graduate students for 35 years, is financially supported by the Shaanxi provincial govemment.
文摘Introduction: There is a lack of the awareness in the fruit and vegetable (F & V) recommendation among Saudi society. Although the known facts of the benefits of F & V on health, information on Saudi society following the advised recommendation whether by WHO or local are still unknown. Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to examine the perception of F & V intake among students at Umm Al-Qura University and to assess if they follow these recommendations of F & V locally and internationally. Method: Students from Umm Al-Qura University participated in this study (n = 98, age between 18 - 55). All data were collected using short online survey via Online survey—Survey Monkey in 2019. Result: 55% students were not aware of these recommendations whereas 45% were aware of WHO recommendation. The majority of students 53% have less than two portions a day of F & V. Only 14% have between two to four portions a day. 32% do not eat any portion of F & V daily. 59%, 14%, 5% of students believe that they should have five, seven, more than seven portions a day for being healthy respectively. Maintaining health, reducing the risk for chronic disease and providing essential vitamins and minerals to the body were all reasons why students believe that they should have F & V everyday by 71%. Busy lifestyle, F & V cost, lack of the awareness about the health benefits, dislike of the taste, some F & V spoiled easily were all factors affecting eating F & V daily. Conclusion: University students need educational and nutritional campaigns to spread the awareness about the health benefits of F & V. Most importantly the ministry of health should support those campaigns to increase students’ awareness and build a healthy society with a good habit.
文摘In this paper, the dynamical behavior of an anisotropic universe in an extended gravity e.g. the f (R,T ) theory of gravity is studied. We use f (R,T ) = R + 2μT , where R is the Ricci scalar, T is the trace of energy-momentum tensor and μ is a constant. Two cosmological models are constructed using the power law expansion and hybrid law cosmology in Bianchi type I universe, where the matter field is considered to be a perfect fluid. It is found that in both the cases the anisotropic behavior is in agreement with the observational results. The state finder diagnostic pair and energy conditions are also calculated and analyzed.
文摘Northwestern area is the most arid and underdeveloped area in China. Lots of researches have been doneto find the approaches to alleviate poverty. But there are some problems, for example, how to invest, how to use capital,and why the utilization rate is ambiguous. Water, capital and human resources are analyzed in this paper to be comparedwith their Utilization rates. As a result, according to the dependences of economic growth on those resources, a newapproach has been selected to organize the integration ways among these resources for economic development innorthwestern China. The efficient ways to develop northwestern China are: firstly, use the wanting resources mosteffectively to make an efficient integration model of multiple resources. For example, enhance the utilization rate of waterto raise the value of other resources. Secondly, invest more in basic factors for economic development to upgrade thecompetitiveness in the western China. For example, invest more in primary education and sustainable development ofbasic natural resources in order to have more power for sustainable development.
文摘This paper examines the stability of the transition from the early decelerating stage of the Universe to the recent accelerating stage for the perfect fluid cosmological locally rotationally symmetric(LRS) Bianchi-I model in f(R, T) theory. To determine the solution of field equations, the idea of a timevarying deceleration parameter(DP) which yields a scale factor, for which the Universe attains a phase transition scenario and is consistent with recent cosmological observations, is used. The time-dependent DP yields a scale factor a=exp■, where β and k are respectively arbitrary and integration constants. By using the recent cons_traints(H_0 _= 73.8, and q_0 =-0.54) from Type Ia Supernova(SN Ia) data in combination with Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations(BAO) and Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB) observations(Giostri et al.), we obtain the values of β = 0.0062 and k = 0.000016 for which we have derived a cosmological model from the early decelerated phase to the present accelerating phase. By applying_ other r_ecent constraints(H_0 = 73.8, q_0 =-0.73) from SNe Ia Union data(Cunha), we obtain the values of β = 0.0036 and k = 0.000084 for which we have derived a cosmological model in the accelerating phase only. We have compared both models with experimental data. The stability of the background solution has been examined also for the metric perturbations alongside the properties of future singularities in a Universe ruled by dark energy with phantom type fluid. We demonstrate the presence of a stable fixed point with a condition of state ω <-1 and numerically affirm this is really a late-time attractor in the ghost overwhelmed Universe. Some physical and geometric properties of the model are found and examined.
文摘In the present study, a homogeneous and anisotropic LRS Bianchi type I universe model is considered in <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>, <i>T</i>) theory of gravity. In order to find an exact solution of the field equations of the model, the model presented is based on a unique condition of periodically time varying deceleration parameter. The physical and geometrical characteristics of the universe model have been studied. It has been shown that the model has point-type singularity and all the cosmological parameters possess periodic time behavior. The model has a cyclic expansion history, for example, the model starts with the decelerating expansion, and later it transits to an accelerating phase of expansion and then goes to super-exponential phase of expansion in a period.
