Integrity and Size of Green Spaces Are Critical for the Functional Di-versity of Birds:Evidence from the Eastern and Northwestern Regions of China

Urbanization often changes bird species richness and affects the functional diversity.Therefore,understanding these changes helps city planners improve green space design and land use planning.Our study used multiple datasets to explore the effects of land-scape patterns and natural environments on the functional diversity of birds in urban parks and campuses in the eastern and northwest-ern regions of China.Firstly,we used the data to calculate birds of the functional richness(FRic),functional evenness(FEve),and functional divergence(FDiv)of 68 urban spaces in the eastern and northwestern regions of China.Further,we established generalized linear models of natural factors,human factors,and functional diversity.Results showed more bird species with unique traits were in the north-western region.This may be because the earlier urbanization in the eastern region filtered out urban-sensitive species,leaving behind urban adapters.Moreover,we found that the fractal dimension index was the most significant positive factor of FRic in the eastern region but the most significant negative factor of FDiv.Elevation was the most significant negative influence factor of FEve in the eastern region,but it was the most potent positive influence factor of FRic in the northwestern region.Population density had a significant positive effect on FDiv in the northwestern region.However,green space areas significantly negatively impacted FEve in the northwestern region.In addition,birds in parks in both regions had more functional traits than those on campuses,possibly because of the larger green space in parks,which may contain more fragments of native vegetation and reduce human interference.Our study suggests that preserving more original vegetation and reducing human disturbance in cities can increase the functional diversity of urban birds and im-prove urban ecosystem functions.

Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per t...

The Largest Copper, Aluminum Wire and Cable Production Enterprise in the Northwestern Region Lands in Qinghai

The largest wire and cable production enterprise in the northwestern region-Qinghai Xingming Electric Power Material Co.,Ltd.has been officially put into production,meaning that Qinghai will be able to selfproduce medium and high voltage or even EHV crosslinked power cables and develop and produce differentiated new products such as high-altitude cold-resistant photovoltaic

Projected Climate Change in the Northwestern Arid Regions of China: An Ensemble of Regional Climate Model Simulations

The projected temperature and precipitation- change under different emissions scenarios using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models over the northwestern arid regions of China （NWAC） were ana- lyzed using the ensemble of three high-resolution dy- namical downscaling simulations： the simulation of the Regional Climate Model version 4.0 （RegCM4） forced by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1 （BCC_CSMI.1）; the Hadley Centre Global En- vironmental Model version 3 regional climate model （HadGEM3-RA） forced by the Atmosphere-Ocean cou- pled HadGEM version 2 （HadGEM2-AO）; and the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model forced by the Norwegian community Earth System Model （NorESM1-M）. Model validation indicated that the mul- timodel simulations reproduce the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation well. The temperature is projected to increase over NWAC under both the 4.5 and 8.5 Representative Concentration Path- ways scenarios （RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively） in the middle of the 21 st century, but the warming trend is larger under the RCP8.5 scenario, Precipitation shows a signifi- cant increasing trend in spring and winter under both RCP4.5 and RCPS.5; but in summer, precipitation is pro- jected to decrease in the Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. The regional averaged temperature and precipitation show increasing trends in the future over NWAC; meanwhile, the large variability of the winter mean temperature and precipitation may induce more extreme cold events and intense snowfall events in these regions in the future.

Potential risks and challenges of climate change in the arid region of northwestern China

In the arid region of northwestern China(ARNC),water resources are the most critical factor restricting socioeconomic development and influencing the stability of the area’s ecological systems.The region’s complex water system and unique hydrological cycle show distinctive characteristics.Moreover,the intensified hydrological cycle and extreme climatic and hydrological events resulting from global warming have led to increased uncertainty around water resources as well as heightened conflict between water supply and water demand.All of these factors are exerting growing pressures on the socioeconomic development and vulnerable ecological environment in the region.This research evaluates the impacts of climate change on water resources,hydrological processes,agricultural system,and desert ecosystems in the ARNC,and addresses some associated risks and challenges specific to this area.The temperature is rising at a rate of 0.31
C per decade during 1961–2017 and hydrological processes are being significantly influenced by changes in glaciers,snow cover,and precipitation form,especially in the rivers recharged primarily by melt water.Ecosystems are also largely influenced by climate change,with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)of natural vegetation exhibited an increasing trend prior to 1998,and then reversed in Xinjiang while the Hexi Corridor of Gansu showed the opposite trends.Furthermore,the desert-oasis transition zone showed a reduction in area due to the warming trend and the recent rapid expansion of irrigated area.Both the warming and intensified drought are threatening agriculture security.The present study could shed light on sustainable development in this region under climate change and provides scientific basis to the construction of the“Silk Road Economic Belt”.

Modeling Impacts of Vegetation in Western China on the Summer Climate of Northwestern China

Using the monthly NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset, the monthly temperature and precipitation at surface stations of China, and the MM5 model, we examine impacts of vegetation cover changes in western China on the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern China during the past 30 years. It is found that the summer atmospheric circulation, surface air temperature, and rainfall in the 1990s were different from those in the 1970s over northwestern China, with generally more rainfall and higher temperatures in the 1990s. Associated with these changes, an anomalous wave train appears in the lower troposphere at the midlatitudes of East Asia and the low-pressure system to the north of the Tibetan Plateau is weaker. Meanwhile, the South Asian high in the upper troposphere is also located more eastward. Numerical experiments show that change of vegetation cover in western China generally forces anomalous circulations and temperatures and rainfall over these regions. This consistency between the observations and simulations implies that the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern China between the 1990s and 1970s may result from a change of vegetation cover over western China.

Upper mantle convection beneath northwest China and its adjacent region driven by density anomaly

We assume that the density anomalies, which are transformed from seismic tomography data, are corresponding to temperature distribution in a convective mantle. We take density anomalies as the driving force for mantle convection and solve the basic equation with given boundary conditions in a wave-number domain by using the FFT arithmetic. Using the physical model of upper mantle convection and the seismic tomography data supplied by XU et al, we calculated upper mantle convection beneath northwestern China and adjacent region. The flow patterns in the upper mantle show that there are upward and divergent flows in the basin regions, such as Tarim, Qaidam, Junggar and Kazakhstan, where the lithosphere is thin. There are downward and convergent flows in the mountain regions, such as Tianshan, Kunlun and Qilian, where the lithosphere is thick. In addition, because of the divergent flow under the Tarim Basin the upper mantle material in this region is driven southward to the north part of Tibetan Plateau and northward to Tianshan Mountain. Maybe, it is one of the reasons for the recent uplift of the Tianshaa Mountain.

西北条锈菌源区冬小麦育种抗条锈病基因的利用现状与策略

【目的】了解中国小麦条锈病西北重要越夏菌源区甘肃陇东和陇南近20年育成小麦品种(系)中抗条锈病基因的利用情况,为陇南小麦条锈病遗传多样性控制,持久抗病品种的培育和可持续绿色健康生态农业奠定基础。【方法】于2019—2020年和2020—2021年种植季对117份冬小麦品种(系)甘肃清水县和四川郫都区进行成株期抗条锈病鉴定,2021年分别用条锈菌CYR33和CYR34对117份品种(系)进行苗期抗条锈病鉴定,并利用分子标记对15个抗条锈病基因进行检测。【结果】田间成株期对条锈菌主要流行致病性混合小种抗病的品种(系)占29.1%,其中,25.6%为陇南区域品种(系),3.4%为陇东区域品种(系),另有25.6%陇南区域感病品种(系)表现慢病性(严重度<20%)。有70.1%品种(系)苗期对CYR33表现抗病,其中,57.3%为陇南区域品种(系),12.8%为陇东区域品种(系);仅6.0%品种(系)苗期对CYR34具有抗病性,为陇南区域的兰天131等7个品种(系)。苗期和成株期抗病品种(系)以2010年后育成的兰天、中梁、天选、兰航选系列品种为主。分子标记检测结合系谱分析,发现抗条锈病基因Yr9、Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr41、Yr46、YrZH22和YrZH84在所有检测品种(系)中的频率分别为49.6%、1.7%、12.8%、7.7%、12.8%、20.5%、10.3%、34.2%、2.6%、16.2%、15.4%和27.4%,且多以基因聚合体形式存在于品种(系)中,62.4%品种(系)中聚合了2—5个抗条锈病基因,YrZH84、YrZH22和Yr17中的一个或多个基因与其他抗条锈病基因聚合后,品种(系)的条锈病抗性明显高于其他基因组合。此外,在陇南菌源区,以种植小麦为主的山旱地区域(条锈菌越夏区)所推广的品种(系)中,含有Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr41和Yr46的频率较高,越冬区(川水地)推广品种(系)中主要有Yr26、Yr30、YrZH22和YrZH84,越夏区和越冬区品种(系)的抗性遗传背景差异明显,且越夏区品种(系)含有的抗病基因类型多样性高于越冬区。【结论】在越夏菌源区甘肃陇南、陇东的品种(系)中,抗条锈病基因分布频率、抗病基因类型及数量均有明显提高,避免了品种抗病遗传背景单一化问题,实现了品种(系)中的抗病基因较为复杂多样,部分品种的抗病性保持时间长,表明陇南地区利用小麦品种遗传多样性控制条锈病策略的实施已初显成效。

旅游交通碳排放测度与旅游经济脱钩分析——以西北五省(区)为例

以西北五省(区)为例,采用“自下而上”法估算2010—2022年西北五省(区)旅游交通碳排放量,分析其时序特征,运用Tapio脱钩模型测度旅游交通碳排放与旅游经济增长之间的脱钩关系和变化趋势,利用旅游交通碳排放和旅游经济增长数据,验证二者之间环境库兹涅茨曲线模型(EKC)的存在性,探究旅游交通碳排放和旅游经济增长间的关系。(1)西北五省(区)旅游交通碳排放总量呈现先增后降的趋势,各省(区)年平均碳排放量从大到小依次为陕西、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、青海。(2)旅游交通碳排放脱钩指数发展状态为弱脱钩—强脱钩—弱脱钩,多省(区)以弱脱钩状态为主。(3)旅游交通碳排放和旅游经济之间存在“N”型曲线关系,且脱钩指数与经济发展的“N”型曲线关系相吻合。

西北地区数字化转型程度与科技人力资源利用率耦合协调度研究

当前,数字化转型对于经济发展的影响日渐凸显,我国西北地区数字化转型程度较低,科技人力资源未被充分利用,导致了人才流失,也使得西北地区数字化转型进程受限。本文以西北五省数字化转型程度与科技人力资源利用率为研究对象,选取2014—2022年西北五省面板数据,建立评价指标,采用熵权TOPSIS法与DEA方法获取两者评价值,并建立耦合协调度模型,对两者协调发展程度进行分析。结果发现:(1)西北地区数字化程度呈现“两边高,中间低”的分布特点;(2)西北地区科技人力资源利用率处于较高水平;(3)在两者耦合协调度方面,陕西省协调水平最高,甘肃、新疆、青海其次,宁夏相对协调水平较低。基于研究结论,本文提出针对性建议,以供参考。

气候变化背景下冀西北半干旱区玉米水分盈亏变化特征

为研究气候变化条件下冀西北半干旱区玉米水分盈亏情况,本文基于1991—2020年气象数据,分析玉米需水量的主要影响因素和变化特征,通过水分盈亏指数研究玉米生育期内各月份的水分供应情况。结果表明:玉米全生育期多年平均相对湿度、日照时数和平均风速呈不断降低趋势,平均温度则呈上升趋势,其中日照时数变化尤为显著。生育期内玉米需水量呈先增后减的抛物线趋势,玉米需水量与日照时数、平均温度成极显著正相关,与平均相对湿度成极显著负相关。多年降雨量呈先降后升的变化趋势,仅存在1个突变点,未出现反复振荡的变化趋势。玉米全生育期不同月份均有发生干旱的可能性,其中7—8月正值灌浆期,应及时监测玉米水分情况,防止水分亏缺造成减产。本研究结果可为冀西北半干旱区玉米科学灌溉提供参考。

桂西北地区阳光玫瑰葡萄冬季果修剪促花时间研究

为研究探索河池地区阳光玫瑰葡萄冬季果(二次果)最适宜的修剪促花时间,以五年生阳光玫瑰脱毒健康苗为试验材料,设置5个不同修剪促花时间,分别为8月9日、8月15日、8月19日、8月24日、9月4日,调查了不同修剪促花时间对二次成花率及二次果品质的影响。结果表明,5个不同修剪促花时间处理阳光玫瑰均能开花结果,但成花率及果实品质均有差异,8月19日与8月24日修剪促花时间处理成花率和果实可溶性固形物含量相对优于其他修剪促花时间处理。不同地区气候条件不同,阳光玫瑰葡萄的物候期也不同,在桂西北地区以8月19—24日为最佳修剪促花时间。

中国南方地区持续性暴雨特征及其影响因子分析

以中国南方5省持续性暴雨为例,通过改进的区域持续性暴雨的定义,基于气象站点观测资料,找出我国南方地区持续性暴雨事件,并分析其特征及可能的影响因子。结果表明,南方地区持续性暴雨事件主要发生在每年的5~8月,通常持续3~5 d,主要集中在广东省、广西及贵州省南部,并且其影响范围呈显著增加趋势;同期西北太平洋海温与南方地区暴雨日数呈显著正相关关系,构建西北太平洋海温指数,并将同期大气环流与海温指数进行回归,发现当西北太平洋海温偏高时,西太副高偏弱,同时,贝加尔湖北部500 hPa位势高度正异常,其环流维持850 hPa异常北风输送至南方地区,使得南方地区水汽辐合、大气上升运动增加,易导致暴雨发生,海温异常高低年份的大气环流合成分析进一步证实了这种环流异常。

菌根与植被恢复

菌根不仅可促进植物的营养吸收、生长发育、抗病、抗逆,而且在保持良好的土壤结构、控制水土流失方面具有直接的作用。在我国西北许多地区,菌根菌与植物间的共生关系已被中断,要恢复该地区的植被,治本的方法应是重建植物与菌根菌的共生关系,形成健康的生态系统。文中还提出了菌根技术在植被恢复中的应用策略。

应用遥感和GIS技术进行西北地区土地资源调查

应用遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS)技术开展西北地区土地资源动态调查是建立国家级基本资源遥感动态信息系统的一项基础性工作。在这项工作中 ,我们首先在确定土地资源分类依据和原则的基础上 ,建立了西北地区土地资源的分类系统 ;通过遥感数据一人机交互解译一矢量图编辑一地理信息系统的全数字方式 ,完成了 90年代中期由 1:10万基本数据支持的西北地区土地资源信息系统数据库的建设。

西北老、少、边贫困地区开展学校体育活动现状的调查研究

本调查研究旨在系统了解西北老、少、边贫困地区开展学校体育活动的现状并发现存在的主要问题 ,为进一步深化贫困地区学校体育改革提供依据。研究表明 ,社会不同阶层对贫困地区开展学校体育活动的认识差异较大。领导重视不够、经费不足与场地、器材严重短缺是造成贫困地区开展学校体育活动的主要障碍。建议通过认真贯彻并不断完善有关法规制度等措施 ,加大经费投入 ,改变贫困地区学校体育活动落后的状况 ,改善学生体质 。

1981-2001年西北地区植被变化特征分析

植被是西北地区维持陆地生态环境的重要组成部分,受气候因子的影响显著,通过监测植被的动态变化可以在一定程度上反映气候变化的趋势。本文利用1981-2001年的NDVI数据和同期相应的气温、降水资料,分析了西北地区植被覆盖的时空变化特征及其与气候变化的相互关系。结果表明:西北地区的植被覆盖呈现明显的季相变化特征,在夏季尤其是7-8月,随着气温升高和降水增加,植被覆盖达到最大值;从年际变化来看,春、夏两季的干、湿年份对比中,干旱年份植被生长比湿润年份差,并且夏季的差异比春季更明显,此外西北地区的植被覆盖在研究期内的1981-1995年总体向改善的趋势发展,1996-2001年有退化的现象。

西北五省区旅游产业绩效影响因素分析——基于面板数据分位数回归

为了从总量绩效和质量绩效两方面研究西北五省区旅游业发展状况,在系统分析相关因素对旅游产业绩效的直接和间接影响作用的同时,通过面板数据的固定效应模型以及分位数回归模型,分析相关因素的总体影响以及相关因素的动态影响过程,结论为:西北五省区提升旅游产业绩效,应依托于低级要素到高级要素的逐步释放;注重旅游产业的资本投入和提高各地经济整体实力;在劳动力投入方面注重素质建设;对市场制度建设、对外开放和经济结构服务化水平的影响作用应给予充分关注。

西北少数民族地区学校体育发展的现状及对策研究

:采用文献资料、访问座谈、问卷调查等方法 ,对西北少数民族地区学校体育工作的现状进行了调查研究。研究结果表明 ,学校体育在教育结构中的布局不够合理 ,使其发展的总体水平不高 ,城市好于农村的模式依然存在。要使西北少数民族地区学校体育同步于发达地区 ,就必须从改革学校体育教学目标、实施学校体育工作运行法制化、开展中小学体育师资继续教育工程、建立保障学校体育工作正常运转的资金体系、唱响“自力更生、艰苦创业”的主旋律、制定科学规范可行的学校体育评估标准、树立学校体育现代化观念等方面着手 。