Computational Multiaxial Fatigue Modelling for Notched Components

Fatigue failures of driveline and suspension notched components for ground vehicles under multiaxial loading conditions are common, since most of those components are subjected to complex multiaxial loadings in service. A computational fatigue analysis methodology has been proposed here for performing multiaxial fatigue life prediction for notched components using analytical and numerical methods. The proposed multiaxial fatigue analysis methodology consists of an elastic-plastic stress/strain model and a multiaxial fatigue damage parameter. Results of the proposed multiaxial fatigue analysis methodology are compared to sets of experimental data published in the literature to verify the prediction capability of the elastic-plastic stress/strain model and the multiaxial fatigue damage parameter. Based on the comparison between calculated results and experimental data, it is found that the multiaxial elastic-plastic stress/strain model correlates well with experimental strain data for SAE 1070 steel notched shafts subjected to several non-proportional load paths. In addition, the proposed fatigue damage parameter is found to correlate reasonably well with experimental fatigue data of SAE 1045 steel notched shafts subjected to proportional and non-proportional loadings.

LOW CYCLE FATIGUE AND CREEP-FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE ALLOY ON SMOOTH AND NOTCHED SPECIMENS

A series of low cycle fatigue and creepfatigue tests on smooth specimens and notched specimens were performed with a high temperature alloy used in the manufacture of aeroengine turbine discs. The cyclic stressstrain behavior and fracture characteristics of the notched specimens were emphatically investigated. A comparison of fatigue behavior between smooth and notched specimens was done and lifetime of notched specimens was evaluated. At the same temperature, the fatiguecreep lives of the smooth specimens are far greater than that of the notched specimens.

Parametric equations for notch stress concentration factors of rib—deck welds under bending loading

The effective notch stress approach for evaluating the fatigue strength of rib-deck welds requires notch stress concentration factors obtained from complex finite element analysis.To improve the efficiency of the approach,the notch stress concentration factors for three typical fatigue-cracking modes(i.e.,root-toe,root-deck,and toe-deck cracking modes)were thoroughly investigated in this study.First,we developed a model for investigating the effective notch stress in rib-deck welds.Then,we performed a parametric analysis to investigate the effects of multiple geometric parameters of a rib-deck weld on the notch stress concentration factors.On this basis,the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was performed to obtain the optimal regression functions for predicting the notch stress concentration factors.Finally,we employed the proposed formulas in a case study.The notch stress concentration factors estimated from the developed formulas show agree well with the finite element analysis results.The results of the case study demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed formulas.It also shows that the fatigue design curve of FAT225 seems to be conservative for evaluating the fatigue strength of rib-deck welds.

Study on Fatigue Life Prediction of TC4-DT Structural Simulants by Using Critical Distance Theory

In the actual engineering of the structure, mechanical notch is inevitable, which will significantly reduce the fatigue life of the structure. In order to ensure the application of notch structures in engineering, the accurate evaluation of the impact of notch on fatigue life has become the basis of fatigue reliability design of structures. To investigate the influence of the concave structure on the overall fatigue life in practical engineering, three different sizes of V-notch parts and concave structure simulation parts were designed, and the life prediction was carried out by using the critical distance method. The results show that the stress gradient of the concave structure with the same stress concentration coefficient is much greater than that of the V-notch structure. Considering the notch effect, the S-T model in the critical distance method is modified by the stress concentration coefficient and stress gradient, and it is found that the life prediction accuracy reaches the ideal.

缺口对34CrNi3Mo合金钢的扭转疲劳性能的影响

以船舶主轴为实验对象,研究34CrNi3Mo合金钢作为船舶主轴时法兰与主轴连接处的疲劳寿命.利用实验将法兰与主轴连接处简化成带U型缺口的扭转疲劳试样,基于小样本量中值S-N实验法对应力集中系数为1.45的34CrNi3Mo合金钢在扭转荷载作用下进行疲劳分析,测定其在不同应力幅值下的疲劳寿命并绘制S-N曲线,估算其疲劳极限.将绘制出的S-N曲线与光滑试样的S-N曲线进行对比,结果发现疲劳寿命差别较大.利用ABAQUS软件和Fe-safe软件进行数值模拟,将试验结果与所绘的S-N曲线对比表明,S-N曲线的方程与试验结果很接近,验证了所建立的数值模型的正确性.

对接接头缺口应力集中系数不确定性分析

[目的]以典型对接接头为研究对象进行参数化建模,建立焊缝几何形状存在不确定性的有限元模型,来研究焊缝几何存在不确定性的对接接头焊趾处缺口应力集中系数K_(t),并统计分析其分布规律。[方法]首先,对以往采用的网格尺寸和单元类型进行改进,通过有限元网格敏感性分析,研究不同类型的单元以及网格尺寸对K_(t)的影响;其次,沿对接接头焊缝法向提取节点应力,通过绘制应力分布图,确定焊趾处最大应力集中所在部位;然后,通过引入控制点描述对接焊缝几何形状的变化来真实反映焊缝几何形状的不确定性,结合实际测量的焊缝形状数据的分布规律,随机抽样得到大量的焊缝几何参数数据;最后,基于缺口应力法计算K_(t),并对其进行统计分析,探究对接接头在焊缝几何参数存在不确定性时K_(t)的分布规律。[结果]结果表明,K_(t)的分布满足正态分布。[结论]通过探究焊趾处的应力分布,对于分析疲劳强度和提高疲劳寿命预测精度具有重要意义。

On three-dimensional stress analysis of periodic notched plates under tension

By using the finite element method,three-dimensional models of a number of periodic blunt and sharp notches subjected to tension loading are investigated.The aim of this research is to investigate the thickness effect on the location of maximum stress and notch stress intensity factor(NSIF)of corresponding blunt and sharp periodic notches respectively.With this aim,different number of periodic notches as well as different notch opening angles are examined.While for two-dimensional plates weakened by periodic notches some results are available in the literature,this paper first faces the problem of three-dimensional cases.A total of about 100 geometrical configurations are investigated.It is found that,the effect of plate thickness of periodic notched components can be characterized by the relative value with respect to the depth of the notch(H/t).For the blunt periodic notches with relatively higher values of H/t ratio,the value of the maximum tensile stress is located near the free surface.On the contrary for lower values of H/t,it is placed at the middle plane.The same behaviour is observed for sharp periodic notches in terms of notch stress intensity factors.

表面质量和缺口对Ti80合金弯曲性能的影响

利用数字图像相关方法研究了Ti80合金表面质量和缺口对其三点弯曲性能的影响,采用扫描电镜及电子背散射衍射方法对断口进行观察。结果表明:表面抛光试样的抗弯强度最大,表面打磨及缺口试样的抗弯强度略有降低,没有明显的缺口强化效应,断裂应变随着表面质量的下降及缺口尺寸的增加而迅速减小;应力集中系数越大,试样的变形区域越小,应变强化能力越弱;Ti80合金的断口呈韧窝形貌,存在大量的小角度晶界。

表面粗糙度对表面应力集中系数和疲劳寿命影响分析

把平板的表面形貌简化为半椭圆形微缺口,采用有限元法对不同表面粗糙度下的应力场进行分析,得到不同表面粗糙度Rz时平板的表面应力集中系数,并预测不同表面粗糙度的平板在不同存活率下的疲劳寿命,讨论表面粗糙度对疲劳寿命的影响。采用回归方法建立表面应力集中系数与微缺口中心间距、表面粗糙度之间的经验公式。结果表明,在相同存活率下,表面粗糙度与平板的对数疲劳寿命呈二次曲线关系。

疲劳缺口系数K_f与理论应力集中系数K_t之间的关系

疲劳缺口系数Kf是表征缺口部位疲劳强度降低程度的参量,这一系数在结构抗疲劳设计中经常被使用。一般认为Kf与理论应力集中系数Kt呈线性关系,线性的斜率与不同材料类别(铝合金、钛合金和钢)有关。通过对大量不同材料、不同应力比和不同缺口试样形式的高周疲劳极限的系统分析,发现大多数情况下Kf与Kt的呈线性关系,但有些情况下二者不服从线性关系。Kf与Kt的关系除与材料类别有关外还与实验的应力比有关。

基于有限元法的V型缺口平板应力集中系数研究

针对双边V型缺口有限宽平板的应力集中问题,采用有限元软件ANSYS对缺口尖端区域应力场进行了分析。采用数值积分方法对平均应力及不同开口角度2α、不同尖端半径ρ条件下的应力集中系数进行了计算,并将有限元分析结果与Filippi缺口应力场方程的结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,有限元分析方法得到的结果与Filippi方程的计算结果最大误差为3.77%;在缺口尖端处存在明显的应力集中,但随着到缺口尖端距离的增加应力集中系数降低很快;缺口处最大应力集中系数随缺口尖端半径的增大而明显减小,且减小速率逐渐降低;随着缺口角度的增加,应力集中系数缓慢减小。因此,采用有限元方法可以有效开展含缺口结构的应力集中分析,研究方法对于其他复杂含缺口结构的安全分析具有一定的参考价值。

内刻V形槽半预制破片战斗部壳体的断裂准则

以内刻V形槽战斗部圆柱壳体为研究对象,研究了其在内爆轰载荷下的临界断裂准则.利用数值模拟方法得到应力集中系数与内刻槽圆柱壳体几何结构参量关系的函数表达式,考虑应力集中效应对孔洞或裂纹的加速增长效应,修正损伤度演化模型方程,在假定柱壳自然膨胀率为常数的基础上,推导出内刻槽圆柱壳体的临界断裂应变判据.实验结果表明,断裂参数理论计算结果与实验结果比较一致.

含切口复合材料层合板拉伸应变集中与失效分析

通过对圆形切口和长条形切口复合材料层合板试件进行拉伸实验,研究中心切口形状对层合板力学性能的影响。根据实验测得的应变分布规律确定切口引起的应变集中,并分析层合板的破坏过程。建立了基于连续刚度退化准则的渐进损伤模型,分析含切口试件的损伤扩展进程。结果表明,渐进损伤分析模型可准确描述含切口层合板的拉伸失效行为;长条形切口引起的应变集中系数较高,但切口附近的应变梯度更大;两种中心切口形式的复合材料层合板损伤进程有较大差异,但两者的拉伸强度较为接近。

计算切口应力集中系数的无限相似单元法

在边界条件和其他几何条件相同时，可以通过切口的应力集中系数求得相应裂纹问题的应力强度因子。边界条件比较复杂时，应力集中系数较难求得，而应力强度因子可以通过无限相似单元方法求得，提出了计算平面切口应力集中系数的无限相似单元方法。该方法适应性好、精度高、使用方便。用该方法对几个问题进行了计算。

U形切槽三点弯曲梁的应力集中系数

三点弯曲梁被广泛应用于测试材料的断裂性能,但对准脆性材料难以制作尖锐的裂纹,因此考虑三点弯曲梁具有U形切槽,此时可以用应力集中系数来表征切槽端部的应力峰值。用有限单元法计算了三点弯曲梁的U形切槽顶部的应力集中系数,给出了应力集中系数随切槽深度和切槽宽度变化的规律,弥补了现有应力集中系数手册的欠缺。将U形切槽梁三点弯曲的应力集中系数与对应的U形切槽梁纯弯曲的应力集中系数作比较,发现前者比后者小,最大相对偏差达到-7.3%。将所得的应力集中系数应用于三点弯曲梁的无量纲最大承载力和挠度的分析,可以全面考虑切槽深度和切槽宽度的影响。

关于疲劳缺口系数

对疲劳缺口系数Ｋ＿ｆ的定义、影响因素及典型表达式的建立作了简单而系统的回顾和综述，对各种Ｋ＿ｆ公式的产生和使用按点应力模型、断裂力学模型和场强法模型等作了一些评述。

基于缺口应力法的转向架焊接接头疲劳性能分析

缺口应力法作为焊接结构疲劳设计的新方法以其较高的准确性而得到越来越广泛的应用。鉴于铁道车辆焊接结构尚未建立可靠的缺口疲劳寿命曲线,根据当前转向架焊接接头疲劳试验所提供的数据进行了缺口疲劳分析。疲劳试验名义应力数据源自构架常用材料S355J2所生产的2种焊接接头试样,包括低缺口效应的对接接头和高缺口效应的十字角接头。采用经验公式法和有限元方法对焊接接头的焊趾焊根缺口应力集中系数进行了分析,联合疲劳试验下的名义应力数据建立了转向架焊接接头的缺口疲劳寿命曲线。通过与IIW标准推荐的缺口疲劳曲线FAT225相比较,该曲线具有相当的疲劳等级和更小的曲线斜度;同时从差异系数的角度证明了缺口应力法比名义应力法具有更小的分散性。

缺口参数对应力集中系数和疲劳缺口系数的影响

选取带有Ⅴ型缺口的45钢圆形试样,通过循环载荷试验研究缺口参数对理论应力集中系数和疲劳缺口系数的影响和两个系数之间的关系.通过试验,得到理论应力集中系数、疲劳缺口系数随缺口参数的变化曲线,确定理论应力集中系数与疲劳缺口系数的数学关系式.结果表明,缺口根部圆角半径对两个系数的影响很大;在一定条件下,两个系数呈现很好的线性关系.

高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的有限元分析

螺栓球节点网架结构在悬挂吊车作用下的疲劳是工程界和学术界关注的热点,该结构的疲劳关键是高强度螺栓的疲劳。该文借助ANSYS有限元软件;选取常用的M14、M20、M24、M30、M33、M39、M52、M60共8种规格40Cr制高强度螺栓为分析对象;采用20节点的SOLID95单元类型进行三维实体建模;在重点定量探讨螺栓直径、螺纹升角、螺纹牙根圆角半径及螺栓球四个主要影响因素的基础上,建立了适用于各种规格高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的通用计算公式,数值区间为4.35―4.89。该文的研究结论揭示了应力集中和疲劳源的关系,为进一步以热点应力或热点应力幅为参量建立螺栓球节点网架结构疲劳计算方法奠定了理论基础。