基于Notch1/Jagged1/RBP-Jκ/Hes1信号通路调控巨噬细胞极化探讨复方雷公藤制剂改善关节炎症的机制

目的基于Notch1/Jagged1/RBP-Jκ/Hes1信号通路调控巨噬细胞极化探讨复方雷公藤制剂对佐剂关节炎大鼠关节炎症的影响。方法将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、复方雷公藤组、甲氨蝶呤组、Notch1抑制剂组,每组6只,除正常组外,其余组大鼠构建佐剂关节炎模型。致炎后第19天开始,复方雷公藤组给予340 mg/L复方雷公藤制剂混悬液灌胃,每天1次;甲氨蝶呤组给予0.95 mg/L甲氨蝶呤混悬液灌胃,每周1次;Notch1抑制剂组给予0.56 mg/L Notch1抑制剂混悬液尾静脉注射,隔天1次;正常组及模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,每天1次。各组均连续干预30 d。检测各组大鼠足趾肿胀度、关节炎指数;末次灌胃结束后,HE染色观察关节滑膜组织病理学形态,ELISA法检测血清IL-1β、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13、TNF-α水平,流式细胞术检测外周血炎症极化标志物CD86、CD206表达情况,免疫组化及免疫印迹法检测关节滑膜组织中Notch1、Jagged1、RBP-Jκ、Hes1蛋白表达情况。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠足趾肿胀度、关节炎指数、外周血CD86表达占比及血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平和关节滑膜组织中Notch1、Jagged1、RBP-Jκ、Hes1蛋白相对表达占比均明显升高(P均<0.05),外周血CD206表达占比及血清IL-4、IL-10、IL-13水平均明显降低(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,复方雷公藤组、甲氨蝶呤组、Notch1抑制剂组大鼠足趾肿胀度、关节炎指数(除Notch1抑制剂组)、外周血CD86表达占比及血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平和关节滑膜组织中Notch1、Jagged1、RBP-Jκ、Hes1蛋白相对表达占比均明显降低(P均<0.05),外周血CD206表达占比及血清IL-4、IL-10、IL-13水平均明显升高(P均<0.05)。结论复方雷公藤制剂可有效减轻佐剂关节炎大鼠关节炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制Notch1/Jagged1/RBP-Jκ/Hes1信号通路轴调控巨噬细胞极化,抑制促炎细胞因子的分泌有关。

Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.

Downregulation of MUC1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Inactivating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective To investigate the effect of mucin 1(MUC1)on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and its regulatory mechanism.Methods The 60 NPC and paired para-cancer normal tissues were collected from October 2020 to July 2021 in Quanzhou First Hospital.The expression of MUC1 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)in the patients with PNC.The 5-8F and HNE1 cells were transfected with siRNA control(si-control)or siRNA targeting MUC1(si-MUC1).Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis in the 5-8F and HNE1 cells.The qPCR and ELISA were executed to analyze the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.Western blot was performed to measure the expression of MUC1,NFкB and apoptosis-related proteins(Bax and Bcl-2).Results The expression of MUC1 was up-regulated in the NPC tissues,and NPC patients with the high MUC1 expression were inclined to EBV infection,growth and metastasis of NPC.Loss of MUC1 restrained malignant features,including the proliferation and apoptosis,downregulated the expression of p-IкB、p-P65 and Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax in the NPC cells.Conclusion Downregulation of MUC1 restrained biological characteristics of malignancy,including cell proliferation and apoptosis,by inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC.

Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function.Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers.These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Pachymic acid exerts antitumor activities by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B

Objective:To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell,Western blot,tube formation,and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation,metastasis,angiogenesis as well as autophagy.Subsequently,molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Moreover,PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid.Results:Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability,metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy.It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression.However,PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis,angiogenesis,and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a andβ-catenin in LUAD cells.Conclusions:Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis,and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

Exploring the effect of Bushen Bitong recipe-containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis based on SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect and possible mechanism of action of Bushen Bitong recipe(BSBT)containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:Generation 3 rat chondrocytes were randomized into Control,IL-1β,IL-1β+BSBT(L),IL-1β+BSBT(M),and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups(5%,10%and 15%BSBT-containing serum),and then 24h after intervention respectively,the cell proliferation and Apoptosis rate;Western blot detected the expression levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3,SOX9,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 proteins in chondrocytes.ELISA detected the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and bFGF in the supernatants of chondrocyte culture.Results:Compared with Control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,apoptosis rate increased,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level increased,and SOX9 protein level and bFGF level decreased in IL-1βgroup;compared with IL-1βgroup,different concentrations of BSBT-containing serum group,cell proliferation activity increased,and apoptosis rate decreased.NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level decreased,SOX9 protein level and bFGF level increased;compared with IL-1β+BSBT(L)group,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased in IL-1β+BSBT(M)and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups,and NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-αlevel decreased.13 protein levels and TNF-αand IL-6 levels decreased,and SOX9 protein levels and bFGF levels increased.Conclusion:BSBT-containing serum may promote IL-1β-induced proliferation of chondrocytes,reduce apoptosis,improve the microenvironment of chondrocytes,and promote cartilage repair through the SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

MiR-15a-3p调节Twist1/Jagged1/Notch/KLF4信号通路对肺腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:探讨miR-15a-3p通过调节碱性螺旋环螺旋转录因子1(Twist1)/Jagged1/Notch/Kruppel样因子4(KLF4)信号通路对肺腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:采用RT-qPCR实验检测肺腺癌组织、癌旁组织和肺腺癌细胞系(A549、HCC827)及人肺正常上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)中miR-15a-3p和Twist1 mRNA水平。A549细胞分成Control组(未转染)、NC mimics组(转染NC mimics)、miR-15a-3p mimics组(转染miR-15a-3p mimics)、si-NC组(转染si-NC)、si-Twist1组(转染si-Twist1)、miR-15a-3p mimics+pcDNA组(共转染miR-15a-3p mimics和pcDNA)、miR-15a-3p mimics+pc-Twist1组(共转染miR-15a-3p mimics和pc-Twist1)。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况;TUNEL凋亡试剂盒检测细胞凋亡情况;Transwell实验评估细胞迁移和侵袭能力;双荧光素酶报告分析实验确定miR-15a-3p和Twist1的靶向作用关系;Western blotting实验检测Twist1、Jagged1、Notch、KLF4蛋白表达水平。结果:在肺腺癌组织和细胞系中,miR-15a-3p表达降低,Twist1 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。A549细胞通过转染miR-15a-3p mimics或si-Twist1,上调miR-15a-3p或下调Twist1后,细胞增殖率(24 h、48 h、72 h)显著下降,TUNEL阳性细胞比显著增加,细胞迁移数和侵袭数显著降低(P<0.05)。Twist1是miR-15a-3p的下游靶基因,被miR-15a-3p直接负调控。Twist1的上调明显逆转了miR-15a-3p过表达对A549细胞进展的抑制作用。miR-15a-3p过表达抑制Jagged1、Notch、KLF4蛋白表达,而继续上调表达Twist1后Jagged1、Notch、KLF4蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:miR-15a-3p通过靶向抑制Twist1/Jagged1/Notch/KLF4信号通路,降低A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,促进凋亡。

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),as severe complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality.AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU,focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste(XP)of wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods,XP combines various medicinal ingredients.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)identified XP’s main components.Using streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic,we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing.RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups.Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide(Andro)on cell viability,reactive oxygen species generation,apoptosis,proliferation,and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose(HG),while NF-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2)knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms.RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice,expediting the healing process.RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment.HPLC identified 21 primary XP components,with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding.Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation,metastasis,angiogenic injury,and inflammation inhibition.Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation,with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects.CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models.As XP’s key component,Andro activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhancing cell proliferation,tubule formation,and inflammation reduction.

藤黄健骨胶囊对膝骨关节炎鼠软骨组织Notch1、Jagged1、炎性反应因子及基质金属蛋白酶表达的影响

目的探讨Notch/Jagged1信号通路对膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)模型鼠软骨组织炎性反应因子及基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMPs)表达的影响,并揭示藤黄健骨胶囊可能的干预机制。方法60只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、仙灵骨葆胶囊组[0.27 g/(kg·d)]及藤黄健骨胶囊干预组[高剂量0.36 g/(kg·d)、中剂量0.18 g/(kg·d)、低剂量0.09 g/(kg·d)],每组10只。除假手术组外,其余5组采用改良Hulth法构建KOA大鼠模型,模型制备成功后,分别给予仙灵骨葆胶囊及相应剂量的藤黄健骨胶囊灌胃给药,假手术组和模型组给予0.9%(质量分数)氯化钠注射液。给药2个月后股动脉采血处死大鼠,取患侧膝关节软骨采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察关节软骨组织的形态变化;ELISA法检测关节软骨组织中白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、Notch1和Jagged1含量变化;免疫组化法观察关节软骨组织中Col-Ⅱ、MMP-9、MMP-13、Notch1和Jagged1蛋白表达变化。结果与假手术组比较,模型组关节面脱落、严重破坏,软骨细胞分布紊乱;模型组软骨细胞Mankin(5.56±0.85)评分、IL-1β(11.13±2.19)、TNF-α(98.29±9.13)、Notch1(5.03±0.37)和Jagged1(222.54±36.87)含量均显著升高,MMP-9(1.54±0.72)、MMP-13(0.41±0.04)、Notch1(0.39±0.05)和Jagged1(0.38±0.05)等蛋白的免疫反应性均显著增强,Col-Ⅱ(0.15±0.04)蛋白的免疫反应性则显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,藤黄健骨胶囊0.36 g/(kg·d)剂量组软骨细胞形态和分布趋于正常;其软骨组织Mankin(2.86±0.48)评分显著降低,Col-Ⅱ(0.39±0.03)蛋白的免疫反应性则显著增强(P<0.05);藤黄健骨胶囊0.36、0.18 g/(kg·d)剂量组Jagged1(170.54±41.09、183.46±33.12)含量显著降低,MMP-9(0.68±0.25、1.14±0.49)和Jagged1(0.21±0.05、0.26±0.07)等蛋白的免疫反应性也均显著降低(P<0.05);藤黄健骨胶囊0.36、0.18、0.09 g/(kg·d)剂量组IL-1β(5.71±1.03、8.71±1.53、8.81±2.31)、TNF-α(63.42±10.01、67.46±11.68、71.88±15.63)和Notch1(2.95±0.39、3.56±0.37、4.22±0.33)含量均显著降低,同时MMP-13(0.21±0.02、0.27±0.04、0.31±0.09)和Notch1(0.19±0.06、0.24±0.05、0.28±0.04)等蛋白的免疫反应性也均显著降低。结论藤黄健骨胶囊可能通过促进KOA模型鼠关节软骨组织Notch/Jagged1信号通路下游蛋白Col-Ⅱ表达,抑制其Notch/Jagged1信号通路关键蛋白Notch、Jagged1、炎性反应因子及MMPs表达,延缓关节软骨退变,从而改善KOA的临床症状。

The mechanism of regulating macrophage polarization based on Notch1 signaling pathway to improve joint inflammation in adjuvant arthritis rats

Objective:To study the impact of the Notch1/Jagged1/RBP-Jκ/Hes1 signaling pathway on macrophage polarization and its role in modulating the inflammatory response in rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA).Methods:The rats were randomly divided into three groups(6 rats):the healthy group(NC),the model group(MC),and the Notch1 inhibitor group(FLI).Medication was administered after 12 days of inducing inflammation.After 30 days,the arthritis index(AI)and degree of swelling in the right hind foot joint(E)were measured in each group.The expression levels of CD80^(+)and CD163^(+)cells in peripheral blood macrophages of rats were analyzed by flow cytometry.The standards of IL-4,IL-10,IL-1β,and TNF-α in rat serum were gauged by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of Notch1,Jagged1,RBP-Jκ,and Hes1 proteins in rat synovial tissue was detected using Western blot.Results:The degree of swelling(E)and arthritis index(AI)in the MC group rats with AA were significantly higher than those in the NC group(P<0.01).CD80^(+)cell expression was significantly higher compared to the control group(P<0.01),while CD163^(+)cell expression was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01).IL-1βand TNF-α expression levels were significantly elevated(P<0.01),whereas IL-4 and IL-10 expression levels were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Notch1,RBP-Jκ,Jagged1,and Hes1 protein expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.01).In comparison to the MC group,the rats in the Notch1 inhibitor group exhibited a significant reduction in toe swelling and arthritis index(P<0.01).CD80^(+)cell expression was significantly decreased(P<0.01),while CD163+cell expression was significantly increased(P<0.01).IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),whereas IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly increased(P<0.01).Notch1,Jagged1,Hes1,and RBP-Jκ protein expression levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between CD80^(+)and Notch1,Jagged1,Hes1,and RBP-Jκ(P<0.01),while CD163^(+)showed a negative correlation with the expression of these proteins(P<0.01).Conclusion:The Notch1/Jagged1/RBP-Jκ/Hes1 signaling axis regulates macrophage polarization to M2 type and reduces inflammation in AA rats.

丹皮酚抑制Notch1/Jagged1信号通路对妊娠糖尿病大鼠糖代谢紊乱的改善作用

目的探讨丹皮酚(PAE)抑制Notch受体(Notch1)/Notch配体(Jagged1)信号通路对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)大鼠糖代谢紊乱的改善作用。方法大鼠分为正常对照组(NC组)、模型组(GDM组)、低剂量PAE组(L-PAE组,100 mg/kg)、中剂量PAE组(M-PAE组,200 mg/kg)、高剂量PAE组(H-PAE组,400 mg/kg),高剂量PAE+Notch1信号激活剂Jagged1/FC嵌合蛋白组(H-PAE+JFC组,400 mg/kg+500 g/kg),每组12只。血糖仪测定大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)水平;胰岛素放射免疫分析试剂盒检测空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平;采用生化分析仪测定大鼠血清脂代谢指标;ELISA法检测大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、介素-6(IL-6)、瘦素(Leptin)、脂联素(APN)水平;微量法检测大鼠血清氧化应激指标;western blot法检测大鼠肝脏组织中Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1蛋白水平。结果与NC组比较,GDM组大鼠FBG(0 d、7 d、14 d)、TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、IL-6、Leptin、MDA、Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1升高,FINS(0 d、7 d、14 d)、HDL-C、APN、GSH-PX、SOD、CAT降低(P<0.05);与GDM组比较,L-PAE组、M-PAE组、H-PAE组大鼠FBG(7 d、14 d)、TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、IL-6、Leptin、MDA、Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1降低,FINS(7 d、14 d)、HDL-C、APN、GSH-PX、SOD、CAT升高(P<0.05),且具有剂量依赖性;Notch1信号激活剂可减轻高剂量PAE对GDM大鼠糖代谢紊乱的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论PAE可能通过抑制Notch1/Jagged1信号通路,改善GDM大鼠糖代谢紊乱。

Inhibition of Notch 1 signaling in the subacute stage after stroke promotes striatal astrocyte-derived neurogenesis

Inhibition of Notch1 signaling has been shown to promote astrocyte-derived neurogenesis after stroke.To investigate the regulatory role of Notch1 signaling in this process,in this study,we used a rat model of stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion and assessed the behavior of reactive astrocytes post-stroke.We used theγ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-diuorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester(DAPT)to block Notch1 signaling at 1,4,and 7 days after injury.Our results showed that only administration of DAPT at 4 days after stroke promoted astrocyte-derived neurogenesis,as manifested by recovery of white matter fiber bundle integrity on magnetic resonance imaging,which is consistent with recovery of neurologic function.These findings suggest that inhibition of Notch1 signaling at the subacute stage post-stroke mediates neural repair by promoting astrocyte-derived neurogenesis.

牛蒡子苷元调控Notch/Hes-1信号通路对口腔鳞状细胞癌HSC-3细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

目的:探究牛蒡子苷元(ARC)通过调控Notch/Hes-1信号通路对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)HSC-3细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法:使用不同质量浓度的ARC处理人HSC-3细胞,CCK-8法检测ARC对细胞增殖活力的影响,以选择适宜的药物浓度。将HSC-3细胞分为对照组、ARC-L组(10 mg/L ARC)、ARC-M组(20 mg/L ARC)、ARC-H组(40 mg/L ARC)和ARC-H+Jagged1/FC组(40 mg/L ARC+1.2μg/mL Jagged1/FC)。采用EdU法检测细胞增殖能力,划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的迁移、侵袭能力及细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,WB法检测增殖(c-Myc、cyclin D1)、凋亡(BAX、Bcl-2、survivin)、EMT(E-cadherin、vimentin、Snail)及Notch/Hes-1通路(Notch 1、Hes-1、NICD)相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:与0 mg/L相比,10~80 mg/L的ARC均能显著降低HSC-3细胞增殖活力(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比,ARC-L组、ARC-M组和ARC-H组HSC-3细胞EdU阳性率、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、S期和G2/M期细胞占比及c-Myc、cyclin D1、Bcl-2、survivin、vimentin、Snail、Notch 1、Hes-1和NICD蛋白表达均显著降低(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、G0/G1期细胞占比及BAX、E-cadherin的蛋白表达均显著升高(均P<0.05),且呈浓度梯度依赖性。同时使用Notch激动剂Jagged1/FC,则可部分逆转ARC对HSC-3细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡及相关蛋白表达的作用(均P<0.05)。结论:ARC可能通过抑制Notch/Hes-1信号通路抑制OSCC细胞HSC-3增殖和侵袭并促进细胞凋亡。

YWHAH activates the HMGA1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by positively regulating Fra-1 to affect the proliferation of gastric cancer cells

Fos-related antigen 1(Fra-1)is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates cell growth,differentiation,and apoptosis.It is involved in the proliferation,invasion,apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transformation of malignant tumor cells.Fra-1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer(GC),affects the cycle distribution and apoptosis of GC cells,and participates in GC occurrence and development.However,the detailed mechanism of Fra-1 in GC is unclear,such as the identification of Fra-1-interacting proteins and their role in GC pathogenesis.In this study,we identified tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta(YWHAH)as a Fra-1-interacting protein in GC cells using co-immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Experiments showed that YWHAH positively regulated Fra-1 mRNA and protein expression,and affected GC cell proliferation.Whole proteome analysis showed that Fra-1 affected the activity of the high mobility group AT-hook 1(HMGA1)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway in GC cells.Western blotting and flow cytometry confirmed that YWHAH activated HMGA1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by positively regulating Fra-1 to affect GC cell proliferation.These results will help to discover new molecular targets for the early diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis prediction of GC.

Calcitriol attenuates liver fibrosis through hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1-mediated TGF β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways

BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a serious condition,and the development of hepatic fibrosis can lead to a series of complications.However,the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear,and effective therapy options are still lacking.Our group identified hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1(NS3TP1) by suppressive subtractive hybridization and bioinformatics analysis,but its role in diseases including hepatic fibrosis remains undefined.Therefore,additional studies on the function of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed to provide new targets for treatment.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis and the regulatory effects of calcitriol on NS3TP1.METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized and separated into three groups,comprising the normal,fibrosis,and calcitriol treatment groups,and liver fibrosis was modeled by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).To evaluate the level of hepatic fibrosis in every group,serological and pathological examinations of the liver were conducted.TGF-β1 was administered to boost the in vitro cultivation of LX-2 cells.NS3TP1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen I,and collagen Ⅲ in every group were examined using a Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1)/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in each group of cells transfected with pcDNA-NS3TP1 or siRNA-NS3TP1 was detected.The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student’s t test.RESULTS NS3TP1 promoted the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and enhanced hepatic fibrosis via the TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as evidenced by the presence of α-SMA,collagen I,collagen Ⅲ,p-smad3,and p-p65 in LX-2 cells,which were upregulated after NS3TP1 overexpression and downregulated after NS3TP1 interference.The proliferation of HSCs was lowered after NS3TP1 interference and elevated after NS3TP1 overexpression,as shown by the luciferase assay.NS3TP1 inhibited the apoptosis of HSCs.Moreover,both Smad3 and p65 could bind to NS3TP1,and p65 increased the promoter activity of NS3TP1,while NS3TP1 increased the promoter activity of TGFβ1 receptor I,as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation and luciferase assay results.Both in vivo and in vitro,treatment with calcitriol dramatically reduced the expression of NS3TP1.Calcitriol therapy-controlled HSCs activation,proliferation,and differentiation and substantially suppressed CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.Furthermore,calcitriol modulated the activities of the above signaling pathways via downregulation of NS3TP1.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that calcitriol may be employed as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic fibrosis and that NS3TP1 is a unique,prospective therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis.

β-catenin、Notch1、Jagged1在胃癌变过程中的表达及意义

目的研究Wnt和Notch通路分子β-catenin、Notch1、Jagged1在胃癌变过程中的表达及意义。方法收集浅表性胃炎(n=30)、低级别上皮内瘤变(n=30)、高级别上皮内瘤变(n=30)及胃癌的胃镜活检组织标本,采用免疫组织化学法检测各组标本中β-catenin、Notch1、Jagged1的表达,并进行统计学分析。结果β-catenin、Notch1、Jagged1在浅表性胃炎、低级别上皮内瘤变、高级别上皮内瘤变、胃癌4种组织中的表达阳性率随病变级别的加重均逐渐上调(P<0.05),且三者表达水平之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。结论β-catenin、Notch1、Jagged1在胃癌变过程中的表达逐级上调,且三者可能互相协同,共同促进胃癌的发生。