Study on COVID-19 based on nourishing yin and resolving phlegm

To explore the theoretical basis of nourishing yin and resolving phlegm method and the characteristics of stage drug use.Inquire literature and seek the internal relationship between phlegm,dampness,water,drink and body fluid,blood and yin essence,and to expound the theoretical basis and characteristics of nourishing yin and resolving phlegm method.We put forward that expectorant is the key to the diagnosis and treatment of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)in traditional Chinese medicine.Phlegm,drinking,dampness,body fluid,blood,and yin essence belong to the category of yin.Clinical syndrome can be evaluated based on the degree of yin injury and phlegm dampness.

Effect of nourishing Yin and purging fire Chinese herbal mixture on delaying light-induced premature puberty in rats

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the mechanism of the nourishing Yin and purging fire Chinese herbal mixture(NYPF)in delaying light-induced premature puberty in rats.METHODS:Twenty-one days old female SpragueDawley rats were randomly assigned to normal group(N),long light exposure group(L),NYPF and normal saline group(NS).Rats in the L,NYPF and NS groups were exposed to 16 h:350 lux light/8 h:dark,while rats in the N group were exposed to 12 h:50 lux light/12 h:dark.NYPF and normal saline was administered to the rats in the NYPF group or NS group,respectively,from day 21.Five rats in every group were sacrificed at 9 p.m.on day 28(P28),on the day when rat's vulva opened in the L group(L-VO),on the day when the first estrous interphase occurred in rats of L group(L-E1),and on the day when the second estrous interphase occurred in rats of L group(L-E2),respectively.RESULITS:On day 34,all rats in the L group,80%of rats in the NS group,40%of rats in the N group,and 20%of rats in the NYPF group showed complete opening of the vulva.At P28,m RNA level of hypothalamic kisspeptin(Kiss-1)in the L group was significantly higher than that in the N group(P<0.05).The rats in the L and NS groups had significantly lower hypothalamic argininephenylalanine-amide(RFamide)-related peptide 3(RFRP-3)m RNA levels than those in the N group(P<0.05),whereas RFRP-3 m RNA level was significantly higher in the NYPF group than that in the L group(P<0.05).At L-VO,the ovarian index of the L and NS groups was significantly higher than that of the N group(P<0.05)and estradiol(E2)level of the NYPF group was significantly lower than that of the N and NS groups(P<0.05);hypothalamic Kiss-1 m RNA level in the L and NS groups was significantly higher than that in the N and NYPF groups(P<0.05),whereas hypothalamic RFRP-3 m RNA level in the L,NYPF,and NS groups was significantly lower than that in the N group(P<0.05).At L-E1,E2 level of the L and NS groups was significantly higher than that of the N group(P<0.01),whereas it was significantly lower in the NYPF group than that of the N,L,and NS groups(P<0.01),and serum luteinizing hormone level of the L and NS groups was significantly higher than that of the N group(P<0.05);levels of serum melatonin and ovarian melatonin receptor 1(MT-1)m RNA in the L,NYPF,and NS groups were significantly lower than those in the N group(P<0.05).At L-E2,the uterine organ index of the NYPF group was significantly lower than that of the L group(P<0.05);and ovarian MT-1 m RNA level of the L and NS groups was significantly lower than that in the N group(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:NYPF can delay puberty onset in rats exposed to strong light for a prolonged duration,and regulation of the gene expression of Kiss-1 and RFRP-3 in the hypothalamus has been suggested as one of the mechanisms.

Effect of Chinese Drugs for Supplementing Qi,Nourishing Yin and Activating Blood Circulation on Myocardial Perfusion in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after Revascularization

Objective:To observe the effects of Chinese drugs for supplementing qi,nourishing yin and activating blood circulation on the myocardial perfusion in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) patients after revascularization.Methods:Eighty patients with anterior or inferior ventricular wall AMI,who had received revascularization by intravenous thrombolysis or coronary bypass,were randomized into the treated group and the control group equally,both treated with conventional Western medical treatment,but combined,resp...

Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Nourishing Yin,Supplementing Qi,and Activating Blood on the Th1/Th2 Immune Balance in Peripheral Blood in Patients with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome

Objective： To observe the effect of Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing yin, supplementing qi, and activating blood on the expression of interferen- γ （IFN-γ,）/interleukin-4 （IL-4） in peripheral blood and disease activity in primary Sjogren＇s syndrome （pSS） patients, and to study the relationship between the immune balance of Th1/Th2 and the disease activity. Methods： A total of 66 pSS patients were randomized with tossing coins method into two groups： the integrative therapy group （34 cases） and the control group （32 cases）; and 28 healthy subjects were taken as the normal group. The integrative therapy group was treated by Chinese herbal medicines for nourishing yin, supplementing qi, and activating blood combined with hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets and the control group was treated with hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets. The treatment course was 3 months for both groups. The levels of serum immunoglobulin G （IgG）, erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）, IFN-γand IL-4 in peripheral blood were measured before and after treatment. Results： Compared with the normal group, the levels of IgG, ESR, IFN- γ and IL-4 were significantly increased in pSS patients （P〈0.05）. Remarkably, after 3 months of treatment, these levels were dramatically decreased in both the integrative therapy group and the control group, although still higher than the normal group. The levels of IgG, ESR, IFN- and IL-4 in the integrative therapy group were lower than the control group and the same group before treatment （P〈0.05）. The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 also significantly decreased after treatment. Moreover, the level of IFN- γ, and the ratio of IFN- γ/IL-4 in the integrative theraphy group were significantly lower than the control group （P〈0.05）. For all patients the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 before and after treatment was positive correlated with the levels of IgG and ESR. Conclusion： Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing yin, supplementing qi, and activating blood can alleviate the disease activity of pSS by regulating the immune balance of Th1/Th2.

Therapeutic Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Strengthening Qi,Nourishing Yin,and Removing Stasis on Serum Osteopontin and Quality of Life of Patients with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome

Objective：To observe the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine for strengthening qi, nourishing yin,and removing stasis on serum osteopontin（OPN） and quality of life（QOL） in patients with primary Sjogren＇s syndrome（pSS） and to study the correlation between OPN level and the disease.Methods：Sixtyeight pSS patients were randomly assigned to two groups：the treatment group（35 cases） treated by Chinese herbal medicine for strengthening qi,nourishing yin,and removing stasis combined with hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablet（HCQ） and the control group（33 cases） treated by HCQ only.Both were treated for 3 months. Before and after treatment,immunoglobulin G（IgG） level,erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR）,and OPN level were measured.The QOL in patients was evaluated using the Short Form-36 Health Survey（SF-36） before and after treatment.Thirty healthy females were taken as the normal control.Results：Before treatment,levels of IgG,ESR,and OPN in patients were higher than those in the normal control.After 3 months of treatment, those in both treatment groups decreased but were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group （P0.05）.The scores of 8 dimensions of SF-36 were lower in the pSS patients than those in the normal control （P0.05） and higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment（P0.05）.Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the levels of OPN and the levels of IgG and ESR,and a negative correlation between OPN levels and the overall score of SF-36（P0.05）.Conclusions：Chinese herbal medicine for strengthening qi,nourishing yin,and removing stasis could alleviate pSS disease and improve the QOL.In addition,the OPN level might be used as an evaluating index for pSS disease.

Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicines for Nourishing Yin,Supplementing Qi,and Activating Blood on Reproductive Endocrine Activity and Immune Functions in Patients with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective： To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal medicines for nourishing yin, supplementing qi, and activating blood on the reproductive endocrine-immune network and its mechanisms in patients with primary Sjogren＇s syndrome （pSS）. Methods： Seventy pSS patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a randomized digital table： the integrative therapy group （36 cases） and the control group （34 cases）. Thirty healthy subjects were taken as a normal group. The control group was treated with hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets alone, and the integrative therapy group was treated by Chinese herbal medicines for nourishing yin, supplementing qi, and activating blood combined with hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets. The treatment course was 6 months for both groups. Before and after treatment, serum estradiol （E2）, testosterone （T）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, prolactin （PRL） by radioimmunoassay and immunoglobulin （IgG） by immunodiffusion, erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） by Westergren, interferon-γ （IFN-γ） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were determined. Results： E2 and T levels in all patients were lower than those of normal subjects before treatment （P〈0.05） and were increased significantly after 6-month treatment （P〈0.05）. ESR, FSH, LH, IgG, IFN - γ, IL - 4 and ratios of E2/T, and IFN --γ/IL in the patients were higher than those of normal subjects before the treatments （P〈0.05）, and were reduced significantly after the treatments （P〈0.05）. The T and IFN -γ levels and E2/T ratio in the patients treated with integrative therapy were reduced significantly compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. However, the PRL levels before and after treatment were not significantly changed in the two groups （P〉0.05）. The ratios of E2/T and IFN -γ/IL-4, and levels of IgG and ESR were positively correlated before and after treatment （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The ratios of E2/T and IFN - γ/ IL-4 might be used as indicators of pSS activity. Chinese herbal medicines for nourishing yin, supplementing qi, and activating blood combined with Western medicine could improve the therapeutic effect by regulating the reproductive endocrine-immune network in pSS patients.

Protective Effect of Chinese Herbs for Supplementing Qi,Nourishing Yin and Activating Blood Circulation on Heart Function of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective： To investigate the effects of Chinese herbs for supplementing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation on heart function of patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） after successful percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods： One hundred patients with ACS after successful PCI were randomly assigned to a Western medicine （WM） treatment group （WMG） and a combined treatment group （CMG） treated by Chinese herbs for supplementing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation, besides Western medicine treatment, with 50 cases in each group. Both treatment courses were 6 months. The follow- up was scheduled at baseline, 6 months and 1 year after PCI, and New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional class, Chinese medicine （CM） symptom scores, blood stasis syndrome scores, and major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） were observed, serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and hyper-sensitivity C-reactive protein （Hs-CRP） were measured, an echocardiogram was conducted to examine left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVEDV）, left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVESV）, inter-ventricular septal thickness （IVST）, left ventricular posterior wall thickness （LVPWT）, and ventricular wall motion index （VWMI）. Results： Compared with the baseline, LVEF significantly increased （P〈0.01）, and CM symptom scores, blood stasis syndrome scores, VWMI, LVEDV, LVESV, NT-proBNP, and Hs-CRP all decreased （P〈0.01） in both groups at 6 months and at 1 year after PCI. There were no significant differences in all the above parameters at 1 year vs those at 6 months after PCI （P〉0.05）. VWMI, LVEDV, LVESV, NT-proBNP, Hs-CRP, LVEF, and CM symptom and blood stasis syndrome scores were all improved obviously in CMG than those in WMG （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） at 6 months and at 1 year after PCI. There were no significant differences in NYHA functional class between CMG and WMG at different follow-up timepoints; it was notable that P value was 0.054 when comparing the cases of NYHA functional class between the two groups at 1-year follow-up. During the 1-year follow-up, 3 MACE and 11 MACE occurred in CMG and WMG, respectively; the MACE rate in CMG was lower than that in WMG （6% vs 22%, P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Chinese herbs for supplementing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation could improve heart function, reduce the CM symptom scores and blood stasis syndrome scores, and decrease the incidence of MACE in patients with ACS after successful PCI.

Clinical Research on Nourishing Yin and Unblocking Meridians Recipe Combined with Opioid Analgesics in Cancer Pain Management

Objective： To investigate the analgesic effects of Nourishing yin and Unblocking meridians Receipe （NUR） combined with opioid analgesics in managing cancer pain. Methods： All the patients enrolled were differentiated as of yin deficiency and meridian blocked syndrome type of TCM. Forty-one of them in the treated group were treated with NUR combined with opioid analgesics, while 43 of them in the control group were given opioid analgesics alone with successive 14 days as one treatment course for both groups. Results： The indexes of the treated group were superior to those in the control group as to the degree of pain-relieving, the therapeutic effect of analgesia, the occurrence frequency of cancer pain every day and its duration each time, the analgesic initial time, and the quality of life. Conclusion： NUR combined with opioid analgesics in cancer pain management was more effective than opioid analgesics alone. KEY WORDS

Effect of Detoxification,Removing Stasis and Nourishing Yin Method on Corticosteroid-induced Hyperlipidemia in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective： To observe the effect of TCM therapy for detoxification, removing stasis, and nourishing yin on corticosteroid-induced hyperlipemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）, and to investigate its mechanism. Methods： One hundred and seventy patients with SLE were randomly assigned to the integrative medicine group （IM group） and the Western medicine group （WM group）, 85 in each group. Also, 30 healthy subjects selected from blood donors were enrolled in the normal control （NC） group. All patients were treated mainly with prednisone, while those in the IM group were given TCM therapy additionally, and the therapeutic course for both groups was 6 successive months. The changes of serum total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C） and apolipoprotein A （ApoA） were determined and observed. A 2-year follow-up study was carried out in 16 patients of the WM group and 25 of the IM group. Results： Before treatment, no significant difference had been found among the three groups in the serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins. After the 6-month treatment, as compared with the WM group, the IM group showed lower levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） and higher levels of HDL-C and ApoA （P〈0.05）. A similar effect was also shown by the follow-up study in the IM group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： TCM therapy for detoxification, removing stasis, and nourishing yin can effectively regulate the levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins in preventing and treating SLE patients with corticosteroid-induced hyperlipemia.

Effect and Mechanism on Mainly Using Traditional Chinese Medicine of Replenishing Qi and Nourishing Yin in Treating Graves' Disease

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect and its mechanism mainly using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of Replenishing Qi and Nourishing Yin (RQNY) with a small dosage of Tapazole for treatment of Graves’ disease (GD).Methods: The changes of thyroid function and the activity of sodium pump of human erythrocyte in the patients with Graves’ disease were observed and compared before and after treatment between the treated group (42 cases) by combining treatment mainly using TCM of RQNY and a small amount of Tapazole and a control group (42 cases) by Tapazole alone.Results: After treatment for half a year, one and two years, the serum levels of T3, T4 in above two groups were markedly decreased than those of before treatment, the therapeutic effect of treated group was superior to that of the control group. The activity of sodium pump in human erythrocyte in the GD patients was obviously higher than that of normal group and that of before treatment. After treatment for one and two years mainly by TCM or western medicine, the erythrocyte sodium pump activity was obviously lower than that of normal group and that of before treatment. The decrease of erythrocyte sodium pump activity in the treated group was markedly lower than that in the control group.

Randomized Double-blinded and Controlled Clinical Trial on Treatment of HIV/AIDS by Zhongyan-4 (中研-4号)

Objective： To assess the efficacy and safety of Zhongyan-4 （中研-4号, ZY-4, a Chinese herbal preparation worked out according to the therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, nourishing Yin, clearing heat and detoxication） in treating HIV/AIDS patients in the early or middle stage. Methods： Adopted was randomized double-blinded and placebo-parallel-controlled method, with 72 HIV/AIDS patients randomly divided into the ZY-4 group （36 patients） treated with ZY-4 and the control group （36 patients） treated with placebo. The treatment course was six months. The index of OD4^＋, OD8^＋ counts, body weight, clinical symptom scoring were estimated at 4 time points （0, 1, 3 and 6 month in the course）, and also the viral load before and after treatment. The whole course of observation was completed in 63 patients, 30 in the ZY-4 group and 33 in the control group. Results： OD4^＋ count in the ZY-4 group got elevated by 7.70 4±150.96/mm^3 on average, while that in the control group lowered by 27.33 4±85.28 /mm^3 . Fifteen out of the 30 patients in the ZY-4 group had their OD4^＋ count increased, which was evidently much higher than that in the control group （8/33, P〈0. 05）, suggesting that the efficacy of ZY-4 is superior to that of placebo in elevating OD4^＋ count. Moreover, ZY-4 showed actions in elevating OD45RA^＋ and OD8^＋ count, reducing HIV virus load, improving clinical symptom/sign and increasing body weight of patients. No obvious adverse reaction was found in the clinical trial. Conclusion： ZY-4 has an immunity-protective and/or rebuilding function in HIV/AIDS patients in the early and middle stage, and also shows effects in lowering viral load, increasing body weight and improving symptoms and signs to a certain degree.

Sixty-one Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Treated by Tongluo Yangyin Recipe (通络养阴方)

Objective： To observe the therapeutic effect of Tongluo Yangyin Recipe （通络养阴方, TLYYR） in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN）. Methods： Ninety-nine patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 were assigned, according to the order of their visit, to two groups： 61 in the treated group and 38 in the control group. They were given the same information about diabetes mellitus and treated with the same therapy： strict diet control and Western drugs for hypoglycemia. In addition, the treated group received one dose （200 mL） of TLYYR in water decoction every day in two portions, while the control group had vitamin B1 100 mg and vitamin B12 250 μ g administered daily via intramuscular injection. The course for all patients was 28 days. Results： The treated group experienced a therapeutic effect superior to that of the control group, with the difference between the total effective rates and the markedly effective rates （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The blood levels of total cholesterol （TC） and triglyceride （TG） fell, the hemorrheological manner improved, the transmission velocity of the median nerve and common peroneal nerve significantly increased in the treated group after treatment （P〈0.05）, although the treatment showed no significant influence on blood glucose level （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： TLYYR could promote blood microcirculation, improve nutritional metabolism of peripheral nerve, and thus accelerating DPN repair.

Treatment of Immunological Infertility with Chinese Medicinal Herbs of Ziyin Jianghuo（滋阴降火）

According to the microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, immunological infertility is recog-nised as Kidney Yin Deficiency-Hyperactivity of Fire Syndrome. Zhibai Dihuang Pills(知柏地黄丸) , a recipeof Chinese medicinal herbs which plays a nourishing Yin to rernove Fire action, was used to treat the infertilecouples with antisperm and/or antizona pellucida antibodies in their blood serum. It was found that after thetreatment, the antibodies were converted to negativeness in 81.3 % of 32 immunological intertile couples. All8 cases of successful pregnancy occurred in 1-9 months after negative conversion of the antibodies and thenegative status was maintained throughout the course of pregnancy.