Electromagnetic Theory of the Nuclear Interaction

After one century of nuclear physics, its underlying fundamental laws remain a puzzle. Rutherford scattering is well known to be electric at low kinetic energy. Nobody noticed that the Rutherford scattering formula works also at high kinetic energy, needing only to replace the repulsive electric -2 exponent by the also repulsive magnetic -6 exponent. A proton attracts a not so neutral neutron as amber attracts dust. The nucleons have magnetic moments that interact as magnets, equilibrating statically the electric attraction between a proton and a not so neutral neutron. In this paper, the electromagnetic potential energies of the deuteron 2H and the α particle 4He have been calculated statically, using only electromagnetic fundamental laws and constants. Nuclear scattering and binding energy are both electromagnetic.

Fermi Function and Its Applications

In this paper, we give a definition of the Fermi function, or the so-called Woods-Saxon potential, a well-known potential in nuclear physics;then, we give a few of its applications as examples. Some important integrals, which involve this function, are computed discussing the integrability and convergence of these integrals. Following, we derive formulae that encounter the above-mentioned function to get nuclear and generalized moments;the radial Fourier transformation is also exposed. Some related applications are then given that use such important integrals;in particular, we give the computation in conjunction with the problem of getting the optical-model potential for heavy-ion interactions at intermediate energies. Finally, we conclude with important remarks to do with the evolution of the subject.

Huge Variety of Nuclides That Arise in the LENR Processes: Attempt at Explanation

Researches in the field of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) have shown a wide variety of manifestations of these phenomena. They appear in metals with hydrogen dissolved in them, in plasma, in gas discharge, in electrolysis, and even in biological systems. In addition to energy release, which far exceeds the capabilities of chemical reactions, LENR is characterized by a huge variety of emerging chemical elements. This report provides examples of appearance of many initially missing elements in different LENR installations. For example, in the nickel-hydrogen LENR reactor created in our laboratory, which worked for 7 months, Ca, V, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ba, Sr, Yb, Hf were found. Moreover, new elements were found not only in the “fuel” but also in the surrounding matter. The huge variety of chemical elements that arise can be explained by the fact that in the processes of LENR, the interaction covers several atoms at once. The article discusses approaches to explaining the phenomena discovered in the process of LENR researches.

High precision nuclear mass predictions towards a hundred kilo-electron-volt accuracy

Mass is a fundamental property and an important fingerprint of atomic nucleus.It provides an extremely useful test ground for nuclear models and is crucial to understand energy generation in stars as well as the heavy elements synthesized in stellar explosions.Nuclear physicists have been attempting at developing a precise,reliable,and predictive nuclear model that is suitable for the whole nuclear chart,while this still remains a great challenge even in recent days.Here we employ the Fourier spectral analysis to examine the deviations of nuclear mass predictions to the experimental data and to present a novel way for accurate nuclear mass predictions.In this analysis,we map the mass deviations from the space of nucleon number to its conjugate space of frequency,and are able to pin down the main contributions to the model deficiencies.By using the radial basis function approach we can further isolate and quantify the sources.Taking a pedagogical mass model as an example,we examine explicitly the correlation between nuclear effective interactions and the distributions of mass deviations in the frequency domain.The method presented in this work,therefore,opens up a new way for improving the nuclear mass predictions towards a hundred kilo-electron-volt accuracy,which is argued to be the chaos-related limit for the nuclear mass predictions.

Parameterization of Nuclear Hulthén Potential for Nucleus-Nucleus Elastic Scattering

In contrast to Gaussian or Woods-Saxon potential a two-term four parameter nuclear Hulthdn type inter- action is considered to describe the a-a, t-a He and t=3 H systems. By exploiting the phase function method, scattering phase shifts are computed up to ELb -- 100 MeV for the a-a system and ELab = 15 MeV for a-3He and a-3H systems. The S-wave phase shift 5o for the system tends to 2n and 53/2_ for thea-3He system tends to n, in the limit of zero energy. Reasonable agreements in phase shifts with the standard data are obtained with this simple potential model except for the 5/2- states of a-3He and a-3H systems, With an additional energy-dependent correction factor to our potential, a good agreement with experimental data is obtained for 5/2- states. We have also compared our results with the convenient Born approximations.

Time-dependent Calculations for Two-proton Decay Width with Schematic Density-dependent Contact Pairing Interaction

We calculate the two-proton decay width of the6 Be nucleus employing the schematic densitydependent contact potential for the proton-proton pairing interaction. The decay width is calculated with a time-dependent method, in which the two-proton emission is described as a time-evolution of a threebody meta-stable state. Model-dependence of the two-proton decay width has been shown by comparing the results obtained with the two different pairing models, schematic density-dependent contact and Minnesota interactions, which have zero and finite ranges, respectively.

Neutron─deficientEven─evenNeodymiumIsotopeStructure

The structures of the neutron deficient Nd isotopes of A=128～140 are studied in a schematic hamiltonian in the interacting boson model. The level structure and E2 transitions can be well described in the scheme. In particular, the backbending in the ground state band is well reproduced.