The Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Nuclear Factor κB p65 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media

The role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media is explored. In recent years, the incidence of otitis media has been rising globally, becoming a significant threat to human health. More and more studies have found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as a member of the Toll-like receptor family, can promote the generation of inflammatory factors and is closely related to the body’s immune response and inflammatory response. Nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) is a nuclear transcription factor that can interact with various cytokines, growth factors, and apoptotic factors, participating in processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the body [1]. This article elaborates on the structure, function, and signaling pathways of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media, aiming to provide more precise targets and better therapeutic efficacy for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. The role of inflammation in disease.

Targeting GPR65 alleviates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by suppressing the JNK and NF-κB pathways

Background:G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)are recognized as attractive targets for drug therapy.However,it remains poorly understood how GPCRs,except for a few chemokine receptors,regulate the progression of liver fibrosis.Here,we aimed to reveal the role of GPR65,a proton-sensing receptor,in liver fibrosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Methods:The expression level of GPR65 was evaluated in both human and mouse fibrotic livers.Furthermore,Gpr65-deficient mice were treated with either bile duct ligation(BDL)for 21 d or carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)for 8 weeks to investigate the role of GPR65 in liver fibrosis.A combination of experimental approaches,including Western blotting,quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),confocal microscopy and rescue studies,were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of GPR65’s action in liver fibrosis.Additionally,the therapeutic potential of GPR65 inhibitor in the development of liver fibrosis was investigated.Results:We found that hepatic macrophage(HM)-enriched GPR65 was upregulated in both human and mouse fibrotic livers.Moreover,knockout of Gpr65 significantly alleviated BDL-and CCl4-induced liver inflammation,injury and fibrosis in vivo,and mouse bone marrow transplantation(BMT)experiments further demonstrated that the protective effect of Gpr65knockout is primarily mediated by bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs).Additionally,in vitro data demonstrated that Gpr65 silencing and GPR65 antagonist inhibited,while GPR65 overexpression and application of GPR65 endogenous and exogenous agonists enhanced the expression and release of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),all of which subsequently promoted the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and the damage of hepatocytes(HCs).Mechanistically,GPR65 overexpression,the acidic pH and GPR65 exogenous agonist induced up-regulation of TNF-αand IL-6 via the Gαq-Ca^(2+)-JNK/NF-κB pathways,while promoted the expression of TGF-βthrough the Gαq-Ca^(2+)-MLK3-MKK7-JNK pathway.Notably,pharmacological GPR65 inhibition retarded the development of inflammation,HCs injury and fibrosis invivo.Conclusions:GPR65 is a major regulator that modulates the progression of liver fibrosis.Thus,targeting GPR65 could be an effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention of liver fibrosis.

红景天苷下调组织蛋白酶B和NF-κBp65水平改善大鼠肺纤维化

目的:探讨红景天苷改善大鼠肺纤维化的相关机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为空白组、肺纤维化模型组、吡非尼酮组和红景天苷高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组。测定6组肺系数,血气分析,检测肺泡灌洗液中白蛋白(ALB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳清脱氢酶(LDH)含量,肺组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量,血清III型前胶原(PC-III)和IV型胶原(COL4)含量,溶酶体组织蛋白酶B(cathepsin,CB)和NF-κBp65表达的水平。结果:模型组肺系数明显高于空白组(P<0.05),而氧分压明显低于空白组(P<0.05);吡非尼酮组、红景天苷高、中、低剂量组肺系数相比模型组均下降(P<0.05),氧分压则升高(P<0.05)。模型组中ALB,ALP,LDH含量较空白组升高(P<0.05);随着红景天苷浓度的增加,ALB,ALP,LDH呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。模型组谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量较空白组升高(P<0.05);随着红景天苷浓度的增加,GSH含量呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。模型组肺组织中HYP及血清PC-III和COL4含量较空白组升高(P<0.05);随着红景天苷浓度的增加,HYP及血清PC-III和COL4含量呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。模型组CB和NF-κBp65表达较空白组升高(P<0.05);随着红景天苷浓度的增加,CB和NF-κBp65表达呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。结论:红景天苷能改善大鼠肺纤维化,其机制可能与降低大鼠肺组织的CB和NF-κBp65的表达有关。

NF-κBp65/IκBα在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达

目的从蛋白和RNA水平研究NF-κBp65、IκBα在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织中的表达特点,探讨其在肺癌发生中的作用。方法免疫组化、Western blot方法检测NSCLC和癌旁肺组织中NF-κBp65和IκBα蛋白的表达,实时定量-PCR方法检测NF-κBp65和IκBα基因表达。结果共检测NSCLC组织62例(腺癌33例,鳞癌29例),癌旁肺组织27例。免疫组化显示NSCLC组织中NF-κBp65阳性表达率分别为58.6%和60.9%,显著高于癌旁肺组织(P均<0.0001),而IκBα阳性表达率分别为12.3%和1.4%,显著低于癌旁肺组织(P均<0.0001)。Western blot进一步证实:NF-κBp65蛋白在NSCLC组织中表达升高,IκBα蛋白表达降低。实时定量-PCR结果显示,NSCLC组织中NF-κBp65基因表达分别是癌旁肺组织的2.73±0.33倍和2.58±0.27倍(P=0.0046),而IκBα基因表达分别是癌旁肺组织的0.63±0.086倍和0.87±0.075倍(P=0.0208)。结论 NF-κBp65高表达和IκBα低表达可能在NSCLC发生过程中发挥重要作用。

NF-κBp65、IκBα在人鼻息肉组织中的表达

目的通过检测鼻息肉组织、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎病人钩突黏膜及鼻中隔偏曲病人下鼻甲黏膜中NF-κBp65、IκBα的表达,探讨NFκ-Bp65、IκBα在鼻息肉、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎发病中所起的作用。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测NFκ-Bp65、IκBα在30例鼻息肉组织、20例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎病人单侧钩突黏膜及20例鼻中隔偏曲病人下鼻甲黏膜中的表达及分布,运用HPIAS-2000高分辨率图像分析系统分别对3种组织的黏膜上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞、炎性细胞进行光密度测定。结果①NF-κBp65阳性表达主要分布在鼻息肉组织的黏膜上皮细胞、炎性细胞、腺上皮细胞及血管内皮细胞的胞浆和部分胞核中。②IκBα阳性表达主要分布在鼻息肉组织的黏膜上皮细胞、炎性细胞、腺上皮细胞及血管内皮细胞的胞浆中。③NFκ-Bp65在鼻息肉组、钩突组及下鼻甲组黏膜上皮细胞、炎性细胞、腺上皮细胞及血管内皮细胞中表达依次降低,且差异具有统计学意义。④IκBα在鼻息肉组、钩突组及下鼻甲组组织黏膜上皮细胞、炎性细胞、腺上皮细胞及血管内皮细胞的表达依次降低,且差异具有统计学意义。结论NF-κBp65、IκBα可能参与鼻息肉和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的炎症反应过程。

ERK_(1/2)和NF-κBp65在EMs模型大鼠内膜中的表达及意义

目的:探讨细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK_(1/2))和核因子κB(NF-κBp65)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)模型大鼠内膜组织中的表达及其与增殖和侵袭的关系。方法:选取雌性未孕SD大鼠20只,自体移植法诱导建立EMs大鼠模型,其中对照组10只。采用免疫组织化学法(IHC)及Western blot法检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织中ERK_(1/2)和NF-κBp65蛋白表达;增殖相关蛋白(PCNA)、侵袭相关蛋白(MMP9)表达,验证异位病灶组织增殖和侵袭性的变化。结果:EMs模型大鼠病灶局部可见移植物体积增大呈透明或者半透明,内含淡黄色清亮或者咖啡色液体的囊状结构,表面及周围可见血管形成。苏木素伊红染色可见异位病灶组织内腺体、间质或者腺上皮细胞生长。免疫组化结果显示ERK_(1/2)主要表达于子宫内膜腺上皮细胞的胞浆中,间质内少量表达,胞核内极少量表达。NF-κBp65主要表达于子宫内膜腺体和间质的胞核,胞浆中少量表达。Western blot结果显示,EMs模型大鼠异位组及在位内膜组ERK_(1/2)和NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平高于对照组,且EMs异位内膜组表达水平高于EMs在位内膜组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,PCNA和MMP9蛋白在EMs模型大鼠异位组及在位内膜组的表达明显增高,且EMs异位内膜组表达高于EMs在位内膜组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示ERK_(1/2)和NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平呈正相关(异位内膜组r=0.657,P<0.05;在位内膜组r=0.709,P<0.05)。结论:ERK_(1/2)与NF-κBp65在EMs大鼠模型在位内膜及异位内膜组织中表达增高,可能影响异位内膜的增殖、侵袭能力,继而促进了EMs的发生发展。

喉鳞状细胞癌中NF-κBp65、IκBα和COX-2的表达及意义

目的检测在喉鳞状细胞癌组织中NF-κBp65、IκBα和COX-2的表达情况,并探讨其意义。方法取50例原发喉鳞状细胞癌患者的新鲜癌组织及相应癌旁组织,采用流式细胞术(FCM)进行NF-κBp65、IκBα和COX-2的蛋白定量分析,以荧光指数(FI)表示三种蛋白表达的相对含量。结果NF-κBp65和COX-2在喉癌组织中的表达量分别为1.20和1.26,均明显高于癌旁组织的1.03和1.04;IκBα在喉癌组织中的表达量为0.83,明显低于癌旁组织的0.98,P均<0.05。NF-κBp65和COX-2在有淋巴结转移组中的表达高于无淋巴结转移组。IκBα在有淋巴结转移组中的表达低于无淋巴结转移组。喉癌组织中NF-κBp65与COX-2的表达成正相关(r=0.238,P<0.05)。结论在喉鳞状细胞癌组织中NF-κBp65和COX-2高表达而IκBα呈低表达,可能与喉癌的发生、发展密切相关。NF-κBp65可能促进COX-2的表达。

Isoflavone Attenuates the Nuclear Transcription Factor Kappa B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) Activation on MPP⁺-Induced Apoptosis of PC12 Cells

Objective: To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular response to the challenge by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, an in vitro cell model for Parkinson’s disease, and the effect of NF-κB activation on the protection of Parkinson’s disease by Isoflavone (I). Methods: PC12 cells were used to establish the cell model of Parkinson’s disease, and are divided into five groups: control group;MPP+ group;I (Isoflavone) + MPP+ group;I group;SN-50 + MPP+ group. The content of NF-κB in PC12 cells was determined by immunocytochemistry;The viability of PC12 cells after treated with cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitor SN-50 and cell viability were measured by MTT assay;the expression levels of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm and nuclear fractions were evaluated by western blot analysis;the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: Compared with the control group, the protein of NF-κB p65 both in cytoplasm and in nuclei was significantly higher than in I + MPP+ and MPP+ groups;similarly, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly higher;moreover, the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I group (P + group, the protein of NF-κB p65 was significantly lower in I + MPP+ group, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly lower, and the protein expression level of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I + MPP+ group (P + group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NF-κB activation is essential to MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells;but Isoflavone can inhibit the cell damage to some extent to execute its protective function, which may be involved in nigral neurodegeneration in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Nuclear Factor kappa B p65 Expression in Mouse Cochlea

Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) is one of the best-characterized transcription factors playing important roles in many cellular responses to a large variety of stimuli,including inflammatory cytokines, phorbol esters, growth factors, and bacterial and viral products. The aim of this study is to demonstrate NF-κB expression in the mouse cochlea and its enhancement in response to lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and kanamycin(KA) treatment. Methods KA treatment consisted of subcutaneous KA injections at 700 mg/kg twice a day with an eight-hour interval between the two injections for 3 or 7 days. For animals in the LPS treatment group, a single dose of 0.3 mg LPS dissolved in 0.2 ml sterile saline were injected into both bullae through the tympanic membrane and kept there for 3 hours. Animals in the control group received subcutaneous saline injection for 7 days. Following immmunohistochemichal processing with rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-κB p65 antibodies, cryosections of the cochlea were examined for expression of NF-κB p65 in various structures in the cochlea. Results NF-κB p65 expression, identified by presence of brown reaction products characteristic of DAB immunohistochemistry, was visible in the spiral ligament, spiral prominence, tectorial membrane(TM), spiral ganglion and nerve fibers. Relatively weak NF-κB p65 expression was also visualized in the organ of Corti. Within the organ of Corti, the inner hair cells(IHC), outer hair cells(OHC), inner pillar cells(IP), outer pillar cells (OP), Deiter’s cells(DC), and Boettcher’s cells exhibited stronger staining than the inner sulcus cells, Hensen’s cells(HC) and Claudius’cells. No NF-κB p65 expression was seen in the nucleus of the IHC and OHC. NF-κB p65 expression was increased in animals exposed to LPS or KA, demonstrating significant differences in the staining between control animals and LPS/KA-treated animals. NF-κB p65 expression was not significantly different between LPS treated and KA treated animals or between 3 and 7 days in KA-treated animals. Conclusion LPS and KA exposure increases expression of NF-κB p65 in the mouse cochlea.

核转录因子κBp65蛋白及其抑制蛋白IκBα表达与食管鳞癌浸润转移的关系

目的:探讨核转录因子κB(NF-κB)p65蛋白及其抑制蛋白IκBα表达与食管鳞癌浸润转移的关系。方法:用免疫组化SP法检测了61例食管鳞癌中NF-κBp65、IκBα蛋白的表达。结果:p65、IκBα蛋白的胞浆表达与食管鳞癌的组织学分级、浸润深度和淋巴结转移无关,但p65蛋白的胞核表达与食管鳞癌的组织学分级、浸润深度和淋巴结转移均呈正相关(P值均<0.01),IκBα蛋白的胞核表达与食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。在食管鳞癌中IκBα蛋白的胞浆和胞核阳性率均高于p65蛋白,但差异均无统计学意义,也无相关关系。结论:NF-κBp65蛋白的胞核表达与食管鳞癌的分级、浸润和淋巴结转移有关,IκBα蛋白的胞核表达与食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移有关。

Role of nuclear factor kappa B in central nervous system regeneration

Activation of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） is a hallmark of various central nervous system （CNS） pathologies. Neuron-specific inhibition of its transcriptional activator subunit RelA, also referred to as p65, promotes neuronal survival under a range of conditions, i.e., for ischemic or excitotoxic insults. In macro- and microglial cells, post-lesional activation of NF-κB triggers a growth-permissive program which contributes to neural tissue inflammation, scar formation, and the expression of axonal growth inhibitors. Intriguingly, inhibition of such inducible NF-~B in the neuro-glial compartment, i.e., by genetic ablation of RelA or overexpression of a trans- dominant negative mutant of its upstream regulator IκBa, significantly enhances functional recovery and promotes axonal regeneration in the mature CNS. By contrast, depletion of the NF-κB subunit p50, which lacks transcriptional activator function and acts as a transcriptional repressor on its own, causes precocious neuronal loss and exacerbates axonal degeneration in the lesioned brain. Collectively, the data imply that NF-κB orchestrates a multicellular pro- gram in which κB-dependent gene expression establishes a growth-repulsive terrain within the post-lesioned brain that limits structural regeneration of neuronal circuits. Considering these subunit-specific functions, interference with the NF-κB pathway might hold clinical potentials to improve functional restoration following traumatic CNS injury.

A Nonradioactive Method for Detecting DNA-binding Activity of Nuclear Transcription Factors

To determine the feasibility of a nonradioactive electrophoresis mobility shift assay for detecting nuclear transcription factor, double-stranded oligonucleotides encoding the consensus target sequence of NF-κB were labled with DIG by terminal transferase After nuclear protein stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or PMA and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) electrophoresed on 8 % nondenaturing poliacrylamide gel together with oligeonucleotide probe, they were electro-blotted nylon membrane positively charged Anti-DIG-AP antibody catalyzed chemiluminescent substrate CSPD to image on X-film The results showed that nuclear proteins binded specifically to the NF-κB consensus sequence in the EMSA by chemiluminescent technique method and the activity of NF-κB in PMA group was more than that in PMA+PDTC group It is suggested that detection of NF-κB by EMSA with chemiluminescent technique is feasible and simple, which can be performed in ordinary laboratories

NF-κB、IκB、IKK在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的检测非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中NF-κB P65、p-IκBα(IκBα磷酸化)、p-IKKβ(IKKβ磷酸化)的表达情况及其与NSCLC临床特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化Elivision法检测NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-KKβ在56例NSCLC中表达情况,以20例癌旁组织作为对照。结果在NSCLC中NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ的表达阳性率分别为83.9%(47/56)、55.7%(31/56)、69.6%(39/56),癌旁组织三者分别为20%(4/20)、25%(5/20)、30%(6/20),NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ的表达与吸烟史、TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ高表达与NSCLC的发生、发展起着重要作用。

转录因子NF-κB在内毒素休克中的作用

目的探讨内毒素休克大鼠组织炎性介质的表达特征及其和核转录因子NFκB(nuclearfactorkappaB)的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学技术检测脂多糖(lippolysaccharice,LPS)内毒素休克大鼠肝肾组织转录因子NFκB、炎性介质ICAM1、VCAM1、iNOS的表达。结果LPS内毒素休克大鼠肝肾组织转录因子NFκBp65,炎性介质ICAM1、VCAM1、iNOS阳性细胞率高于正常对照组;炎性介质ICAM-1、VCAM-1、iNOS阳性细胞率与NF-κBp65阳性细胞率成正相关。用吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸(pyrrolidinedithiocarbmate,PDTC)抑制转录因子NFκB的内毒素休克大鼠炎性介质ICAM1、VCAM1、iNOS阳性细胞率低于LPS组。结论核转录因子NFκB在LPS引起的大鼠内毒素休克炎性介质的表达中起调节作用。

Curcumin suppresses gastric NF-κB activation and macromolecular leakage in Helicobacter pylori-infected rats

AIM:To investigate whether curcumin could attenuate nuclear factor(NF)-κB p65 expression and macromolecular leakage in the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-infected rats.METHODS:Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into five groups:control rats(Control),control rats supplemented with 600 mg/kg curcumin,H.pylori-infected rats(Hp),H.pylori-infected rats supplemented with 200 mg/kg curcumin(Hp + curIn H.pylori-infected groups,rats were inoculated with H.pylori suspension twice a day at an interval of 4 h for 3 d.Two weeks later,200 or 600 mg/kg curcumin was given once daily to curcuminsupplemented groups for 7 d.On the day of the experiment,macromolecular leakage in gastric mucosa was examined by intravital fluorescence microscopy.The stomach tissue was removed to examine NF-κB p65 expression in gastric epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric epithelial cells and the macromolecular leakage from gastric mucosal microcirculation significantly increased in the Hp group compared with the Control group.The percentages of NF-κB p65 immunoreactive cells in Control and Hp groups were 10.72% ± 2.10% vs 16.02% ± 2.98%,P = 0.004,respectively.The percentages of macromolecular leakage in Control and Hp groups were 10.69% ± 1.43% vs 15.41% ± 2.83%,P = 0.001,respectively.Curcumin supplementation in Hp + cur-CONCLUSION:H.pylori-induced gastric inflammation in rats is associated with increased NF-κB activation and macromolecular leakage which can be reduced by curcumin supplementation.

Lipopolysaccharide enhances the inhibition of NF-κB expression in NNK-mediated peritoneal macrophages

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） on the expression of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） in 4-（methylitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）-mediated primary mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Methods： The activity of peritoneal rnacrophages treated with different concentrations of LPS was detected by MTT assay in rider to find the optimal concentration. Peritoneal macrophages were also treated with NNK （100-500 μM）, with or without LPS for 9 h. The expression of NF-κB was demonstrated via immunocytochemistry （ICC） and Western- blot, respectively. Results： The concentration of LPS at 25 μg/mL was found to be the optimal concentration to improve the activity of peritoneal macrophages （P 〈 0.01）. Simultaneously, LPS （25 μg/mL） increased the expression of NF-κB in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and facilitated transfer of NF-κB to the nucleus. NNK treatment significantly inhibited the expression of NF-κB in a concentration-dependent manner, among the LPS-stimulated or unstimulated peritoneal macrophages, especially when cotreated with LPS （25 μg/mL, P 〈 0.01 ）. Furthermore, NNK treatment （500 μM） with LPS yielded a significant decrease in NF-κB translocation to nucleus and inhibited the expression of NF-κB （P 〈 0.005）. Conclusion： LPS enhances the suppression of NF-κB expression in NNK-mediated mouse peritoneal macrophages, which may provide a theoretical basis for the inhibition of cancer.

Influence of catgut implantation at acupoints on splenic lymphocyte nuclear factor (NF-κB p65) and correlated signaling molecules (β2AR) in rats with experimental colitis

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of catgut implantation at acupoints on ulcerative colitis. Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group （NC）, a model group （MO） and a catgut implantation group （CI） with 6 rats in each group. Animals in group MO and group CI were treated by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid （TNBS） to establish model with colitis. No other treatment was given to the rats in group MO, but catgut was implanted at ＂Shàngjùxū＂ （上 巨虚 ST 37）, ＂Tiānshū＂ （天枢 ST 25） and ＂Dàchángshū＂ （大肠俞 BL 25） in the rats in group CI. The symptoms of diarrhea and bloody stool, and changes in histopathology were detected 15 days after the treatment. Expressions of splenic lymphocyte nuclear factor κB p65（NF-κB p65）and correlated signaling molecules（β2AR）were detected by the western blot method. Results Diarrhea and mucus bloody purulent stool were soon controlled, and mucous injures were obviously improved in group CI. The NF-κB p65 value of splenic lymphocytes was signifi cantly increased （P0.01） and expression of β2AR remarkably reduced in group MO （P0.01）, compared with group NC. But, the NF-κB p65 value was significantly decreased （P0.01） and expression of β2AR remarkably increased in group CI （P 0.01） , compared with group MO. Conclusion Catgut implantation at acupoints is obviously effective in treating experimental colitis. Modulation of NF-κB p65 and the correlated signaling molecules β2AR may be involved in the mechanisms.

细胞核因子κB与细胞周期蛋白D1在宫颈癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞核因子κB(NFκB)p65与细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinD1)在宫颈癌中的表达及其与肿瘤增殖的关系。方法:免疫组织化学方法检测NFκBp65,cyclinD1在32例宫颈组织及30例正常宫颈组织中的表达。结果:宫颈肿瘤中NFκBp65蛋白阳性表达率为68.75%(22/32),cyclinD178.5%;正常宫颈组织中NFκB无表达,cyclinD1表达率20.5%。结论:NFκBp65可能通过上调cyclinD1表达参与宫颈癌的发生与发展。

3例SARS患者肺组织病理学观察及核转录因子-κB的表达

为观察严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者肺损伤的病理学特点及核转录因子 κB(NF κB)在肺组织中的表达 ,探讨急性肺损伤时NF κB的活化及其与肺损伤的关系 ,对 3例SARS死亡病例进行尸体解剖 ,HE染色观察肺组织的病理改变 ;采用免疫组织化学SP法检测肺组织NF κBp65活性。结果 :肺部病变主要表现为弥散性肺间质炎症及肺泡损伤 ,肺泡上皮细胞凋亡脱落及肺透明膜形成 ,肺间隔明显增宽 ,以淋巴细胞和单核细胞为主的炎细胞浸润。 3例肺组织NF κBp65检测均为阳性 ,阳性信号表达于肺泡上皮细胞、巨噬细胞及淋巴细胞的胞质及胞核内。结果提示 :SARS患者的肺组织表现为急性肺损伤 ,NF

Scutellarein Ameliorated Chondrocyte Inflammation and Osteoarthritis in Rats

Objective:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by the gradual degradation of joint cartilage and local inflammation.This study aimed to investigate the anti-OA effect of scutellarein(SCU),a single-unit flavonoid compound obtained from Scutellaria barbata D.Don,in rats.Methods:The extracted rat chondrocytes were treated with SCU and IL-1β.The chondrocytes were divided into control group,IL-1βgroup,IL-1β+SCU 50µmol/L group,and IL-1β+SCU 100µmol/L group.Morphology of rat chondrocytes was observed by toluidine blue and safranin O staining.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of SCU.ELISA,qRT-PCR,Western blotting,immunofluorescence,SAβ-gal staining,flow cytometry,and bioinformatics analysis were applied to evaluate the effect of SCU on rat chondrocytes under IL-1βintervention.Additionally,anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACL-T)was used to establish a rat OA model.Histological changes were detected by safranin O/fast green,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and immunohistochemistry.Results:SCU protected cartilage and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via multiple mechanisms.Specifically,it could enhance the synthesis of extracellular matrix in cartilage cells and inhibit its degradation.In addition,SCU partially inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B/mitogen-activated protein kinase(NF-κB/MAPK)pathway,thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine production in the joint cartilage.Furthermore,SCU significantly reduced IL-1β-induced apoptosis and senescence in rat chondrocytes,further highlighting its potential role in OA treatment.In vivo experiments revealed that SCU(at a dose of 50 mg/kg)administered for 2 months could significantly delay the progression of cartilage damage,which was reflected in a lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International(OARSI)score,and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP13)in cartilage.Conclusion:SCU is effective in the therapeutic management of OA and could serve as a potential candidate for future clinical drug therapy for OA.