Silencing of Jumonji domain-containing 1C inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via nuclear factor-κB signaling

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder induced by an imbalance between osteoclastic activity and osteogenic activity.During osteoporosis,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)exhibit an increased ability to differentiate into adipocytes and a decreased ability to differentiate into osteoblasts,resulting in bone loss.Jumonji domain-containing 1C(JMJD1C)has been demonstrated to suppress osteoclastogenesis.AIM To examine the effect of JMJD1C on the osteogenesis of BMSCs and the potential underlying mechanism.METHODS BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow tissues.Oil Red O staining,Alizarin red staining,alkaline phosphatase staining and the expression of adipo-genic and osteogenic-associated genes were assessed to determine the differen-tiation of BMSCs.Bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)were incubated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaΒligand to induce osteoclast differentiation,and osteoclast differen-tiation was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.Other related genes were measured via reverse transcription coupled to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta.RESULTS The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from mouse bone marrow samples was evaluated.JMJD1C mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in BMSCs after osteoblast induction,while p-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and inflammatory cytokines were not significantly altered.Knockdown of JMJD1C repressed osteogenic differentiation and enhanced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine release in BMSCs.Moreover,JMJD1C expression decreased during BMM osteoclast differentiation.CONCLUSION The JMJD1C/NF-κB signaling pathway is potentially involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

三黄益肾胶囊调控NF-κB信号通路减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠炎症反应的机制研究

目的:旨在探究三黄益肾胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病(DN)可能的炎症反应机制。方法:按照随机数字表法将60只大鼠分为正常组、模型组、厄贝沙坦组及三黄益肾低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠用高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射建立DN模型。正常组和模型组给予生理盐水2 mL灌胃;厄贝沙坦组给予厄贝沙坦11.51 mg/kg灌胃;三黄益肾低、中、高剂量组分别给予三黄益肾胶囊0.41、0.81、1.62 g/kg灌胃。各组大鼠均1次/d,连续给药4周。比较各组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、体质量、24 h尿白蛋白、肾功能指标、肾组织病理学变化、肾组织抗氧化相关指标(SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA水平)、肾组织炎症介质[白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]、肾组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肾组织CD68、CC趋化因子受体2(CCR2)表达、肾组织CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、NF-κB P65、p-NF-κB P65、IκB、p-IκB表达。结果:与模型组比较,各三黄益肾胶囊组大鼠体质量高,FBG、血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)及24 h尿蛋白水平低,肾脏组织病理变化减轻,三肾组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性高,MDA水平低,IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平低,肾组织中iNOS水平低,肾组织CCR2与CD68共定位水平低,CCL2、p-NF-κB P65、p-IκB蛋白表达低。结论:三黄益肾胶囊治疗DN的机制可能与抑制肾组织中NF-κB信号通路激活,减轻肾脏氧化应激及炎症反应有关。

慢性间断缺氧通过上调大鼠海马HMGB1和NF-κB损伤学习记忆

目的:探索慢性间断缺氧(CIH)导致大鼠学习记忆功能障碍,以及对海马区高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法:制作CIH大鼠模型,40只SD大鼠分为常氧组(normoxia)、缺氧4周组(CIH4组)、缺氧8周组(CIH8组)和缺氧12周组(CIH12组)。采用Morris水迷宫评估大鼠学习记忆能力,免疫组织化学染色和ELISA法检测大鼠海马区HMGB1和NF-κB的表达。结果:与常氧组相比,CIH12和CIH8组的逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数和平台所在象限停留时间显著缩短,CIH4组的无显著差异。另外,常氧组海马区HMGB1和NF-κB的表达未见明显表达,CIH4组可见少许表达,CIH8组和CIH12组可见明显表达,同时CIH12组的表达显著高于CIH8组。结论:CIH可导致大鼠的学习记忆功能下降,且间断缺氧时间越长对其学习记忆功能的影响越显著。此外,CIH还导致海马区HMGB1和NF-κB的表达水平升高,并且缺氧12周比8周增加更为明显。

Apigenin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in C57BL/6J mice by inactivating STAT3 and NF-κB

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.Therefore,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Our results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic hyperplasia.Abnormal differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated mice.Mechanistically,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A axis.Moreover,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Furthermore,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κB.Taken together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.

NF-κB在脂多糖诱导小鼠脓毒症急性肺损伤中对ANXA2表达的影响

目的观察脂多糖(LPS)诱导脓毒症急性肺损伤(ALI)小鼠肺组织中膜联蛋白A2(ANXA2)的表达水平,探讨ANXA2的表达与核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的关系。方法健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠18只,随机分为空白对照组、脂多糖组(LPS组)及LPS+NF-κB抑制剂组(以下为抑制剂组),每组6只。抑制剂组腹腔注射NF-κB信号通路抑制剂吡咯烷二硫代甲酸铵(PDTC)50 mg/kg,1 h后LPS组及抑制剂组腹腔注射LPS 7.5 mg/kg,观察12 h,全身麻醉后采血并处死小鼠。HE染色观察肺组织病理学特征,测右肺中叶湿干重、计算湿/干重比值,ELISA法检测血清ANXA2及左肺肺泡灌洗液中ANXA2、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,免疫组化法检测肺组织ANXA2、NF-κBp65、p-NF-κBp65蛋白平均光密度(MOD)值,RT-qPCR检测肺组织中NF-κBp65、TNF-α及IL-6 mRNA相对表达量,WB检测肺组织ANXA2、NF-κBp65、p-NF-κBp65、Claudin1蛋白表达量。结果与空白对照组比较,LPS组肺组织病理损伤严重,可见细支气管上皮细胞坏死脱落、肺泡间隔增厚、肺泡腔内巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞渗出、少许出血。与空白对照组比较,LPS组右肺中叶湿/干重比值,血清ANXA2及肺泡灌洗液ANXA2、TNF-α水平,肺组织NF-κBp65、TNF-α及IL-6 mRNA相对表达量,肺组织ANXA2、NF-κBp65、p-NF-κBp65蛋白MOD值以及蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0.05),而Claudin1蛋白表达显著下降(P<0.05);与LPS组比较,抑制剂组以上各项观察指标均明显改善(P<0.05)。结论NF-κB信号通路在LPS诱导小鼠脓毒症相关ALI肺组织中可调控ANXA2的表达。

拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗局灶性癫痫的疗效及对脑电图频段功率、血清TLR-4、NF-κB水平影响

目的探讨拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗局灶性癫痫的疗效及对患者脑电图频段功率、血清Toll样受体-4(TLR-4)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)水平影响。方法选取2022年1月至2023年2月本院收治的局灶性癫痫患者102例,根据随机数字表法分为基线组和试验组,每组51例。基线组采用奥卡西平治疗,试验组采用拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗。两组均治疗6个月后评估疗效。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗6个月癫痫发作频率、脑电图频段功率,检测血清TLR-4、NF-κB水平。分析两组患者治疗6个月TLR-4、NF-κB水平与疗效的关系。统计两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率。结果试验组治疗总有效率高于基线组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月,两组患者癫痫发作频率降低,且试验组低于基线组(P<0.05);两组α、β频段功率升高,δ、θ频段功率降低,且试验组变化幅度大于基线组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月,试验组、基线组TLR-4(r=-0.820、-0.666,P均<0.001)、NF-κB(r=-0.744、-0.643,P均<0.001)水平与疗效均呈负相关。治疗期间试验组不良反应发生率与基线组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗局灶性癫痫疗效显著,可有效改善患者脑电图频段功率,减少发作频率,且安全性有保障。

茯苓酸调节PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路对大鼠幽门螺旋杆菌相关性胃炎的治疗作用

目的 探讨茯苓酸(PA)对大鼠幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)相关性胃炎的治疗效果及作用机制。方法 建立Hp相关性胃炎大鼠模型;所有大鼠分为对照组(CT组)、模型组(M组)、PA低剂量组(PA L组)和PA高剂量组(PA H组)、PA H+磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)激活剂(740 Y-P)组;评估各组大鼠胃黏膜损伤指数(UI),透射电子显微镜观察胃黏膜细胞形态学,HE染色评价胃黏膜病理学特征,ELISA检测胃组织白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-10、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平,Western blot法检测PI3K、磷酸化-PI3K(p-PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、p-AKT、核因子(NF)-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果 与CT组比较,M组大鼠胃黏膜糜烂,上皮水肿、充血、溃疡严重,上皮细胞固缩,炎性细胞浸润,UI、IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS以及p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平升高,IL-10和SOD水平降低(P<0.05);与M组比较,PA L组、PA H组大鼠胃黏膜损伤改善,炎性细胞浸润减少,UI、IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS以及p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平降低,IL-10和SOD水平升高(P<0.05);与PA H组比较,PA H+740 Y-P组大鼠胃黏膜病理损伤加重,上皮细胞固缩,UI、IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS以及p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平升高,IL-10和SOD水平降低(P<0.05)。结论 PA可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路发挥对大鼠Hp相关性胃炎的治疗作用。

N-acetylserotonin alleviates retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB pathway in rats

AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.

针灸调控NF-κB信号通路治疗类风湿关节炎的研究进展

类风湿关节炎是一种以侵蚀性关节炎为主要表现的全身性自身免疫病,具有不死癌症之称。文章回顾了近10年针灸调控NF-κB信号通路治疗类风湿关节炎的相关文献,简述了NF-κB信号转导通路在类风湿关节炎炎症、增生和骨侵蚀病理过程中的调节作用。针灸作为中医药传统疗法治疗类风湿关节炎效果确切,具有镇痛、抗炎、调节免疫等作用。指出未来应对疾病病因做更深入的研究,并建立统一的针灸治疗标准,优化治疗方案。

达原饮对Hp感染模型大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路的影响

目的:观察达原饮对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染模型大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤Toll样受体4/核因子-κB/NOD样受体蛋白3(TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3)信号通路,以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)与白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)等炎症因子的影响,探讨达原饮治疗Hp感染的机制。方法:选取44只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组8只及造模组36只,造模组予以Hp菌液灌胃造模,造模成功后,将造模组随机分为模型组、达原饮高剂量组、达原饮低剂量组、西药组,每组各8只,分别予以相应药物灌胃,空白组、模型组予以等量生理盐水灌胃,灌胃2周。观察大鼠造模前后一般情况改变,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察口周皮肤和胃组织病理学变化,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测大鼠口周皮肤和胃组织TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3表达以及血清中TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平。结果:给药干预后,与模型组相比,西药组、达原饮高剂量组、达原饮低剂量组大鼠皮毛柔顺光泽,饮食水量增加,大便逐渐成型,胃黏膜上皮细胞层次基本分明,排列较整齐,炎症细胞浸润减少,口周皮肤角化过度、棘层增厚、毛囊周围轻度炎症细胞浸润等情况均有不同程度改善。与模型组相比,西药组、达原饮高剂量组、达原饮低剂量组大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达水平均有不同程度的下调(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β表达明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:达原饮可能通过干预TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路,抑制TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3及下游炎症因子的表达,减轻Hp感染模型大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤炎症损伤。

核因子NF-κ_B与肝纤维化的关系研究现状

核转录因子-kB与肝纤维化的关系日益受到人们的关注。NF-kB能通过调控炎症因子和抗炎因子表达增加或减少来影响肝脏炎症反应的损伤修复,从而影响肝纤维化的发展,NF-kB还明显影响肝细胞和肝星状细胞的凋亡。目前已有多种NF-kB抑制剂用于治疗肝纤维化的研究。此文对NF-kB在肝纤维化时的作用以及抑制其活性的药物作一综述。

苍附导痰汤对肥胖型PCOS-IR模型大鼠卵巢TLR4/NF-κB p65信号通路的影响

目的 探讨苍附导痰汤对肥胖型PCOS-IR (polycystic ovarian syndrome-insulin resistance, PCOS-IR)模型大鼠卵巢Toll受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)信号通路的调控作用。方法 48只♀大鼠随机分为正常组8只和模型组40只。来曲唑(1 mg·kg^(-1))联合高脂饮食建立肥胖型PCOS-IR大鼠模型,快速革兰染色法观察动情周期,挑选24只模型大鼠随机分为:模型组、阳性药(二甲双胍135 mg·kg^(-1))组、苍附导痰汤高、低剂量(57.96、14.49 g·kg^(-1))组,每组各6只,药物干预21 d。观察动情周期、卵巢和子宫指数变化;血液生化仪测定空腹血糖(FBG)和血脂(甘油三酯TG和总胆固醇TC)变化;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平;免疫组化法和荧光定量PCR法检测卵巢中TLR4和NF-κB p65蛋白及基因的表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠动情周期紊乱,卵巢多囊性改变明显,FBG、TG、TC含量和FINS、HOMA-IR水平上调,卵巢中TLR4和NF-κB p65蛋白及mRNA表达均增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,苍附导痰汤高剂量组大鼠排卵周期得到改善,卵巢多囊性改变减轻,上述指标出现明显逆转(P<0.05)。结论 苍附导痰汤能有效改善肥胖型PCOS-IR大鼠卵巢排卵和糖脂代谢功能,作用机制可能与调控卵巢TLR4/NF-κB p65信号通路有关。

姜黄素通过调节HMGB1/NF-κB通路对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的:探讨姜黄素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MI/RI)的保护作用及可能机制。方法:100只健康8周龄Sprague-Dawley大鼠采用随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、地尔硫䓬组、姜黄素组,每组25只。H9c2细胞分为对照组、缺氧/复氧组、姜黄素组。采用冠状动脉结扎法构建大鼠MI/RI模型,H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧体外模拟MI/RI。采用BL-420S生物功能实验系统采集心电图(ECG)测量值;四唑盐(MTT)法测定H9c2细胞活性;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定血清和细胞上清液中的炎性细胞因子水平;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色及2,3,5-三苯基氯化四唑(TTC)观察损伤的心肌组织情况。蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)通路相关蛋白水平。结果:TTC染色结果显示,姜黄素组心肌灰色改变较模型组少,地尔硫䓬组与姜黄素组心肌组织病理学无明显差异;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色结果显示,姜黄素组心肌组织纤维排列尚规则,无明显出血、水肿等改变,炎性细胞数量较少,地尔硫䓬组与姜黄素组心肌组织病理学则无明显差异。与假手术组比较,模型组ST段明显抬高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,姜黄素组ST段明显降低(P<0.05)。地尔硫䓬组与姜黄素组ST段比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,缺氧/复氧组、姜黄素组H9c2细胞活力降低(P<0.05);与缺氧/复氧组比较,姜黄素组H9c2细胞活力明显升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组、地尔硫䓬组、姜黄素组大鼠血清白细胞介素(IL-)6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平,HMGB1、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB p65蛋白水平明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,地尔硫䓬组、姜黄素组大鼠血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、CK、LDH水平,HMGB1、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB p65蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,缺氧/复氧组、姜黄素组H9c2细胞上清液中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、CK、LDH水平,HMGB1、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与缺氧/复氧组比较,姜黄素组H9c2细胞上清液中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、CK、LDH水平,HMGB1、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:姜黄素对大鼠心肌MI/RI损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与其参与HMGB1/NF-κB通路的调控有关。

番茄红素通过SIRT1/NF-κB轴抑制肾癌786-O细胞增殖且促进其凋亡

目的:探讨番茄红素通过沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)轴对肾癌786-O细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法:常规培养人正常肾细胞HK-2和人肾癌细胞786-O,实验分为对照组(0.1%DMSO)、顺铂组(40μg/mL)、番茄红素低质量浓度(2.5μg/mL)组、番茄红素高质量浓度(5μg/mL)组、番茄红素(5μg/mL)+EX527(SIRT1抑制剂)(3μmol/L)组。CCK-8法、克隆形成实验检测各组HK-2、786-O细胞的增殖能力,流式细胞术检测各组786-O细胞的凋亡,RH123、DCFH-DA染色分别检测各组786-O细胞的线粒体膜电位(MMP)、活性氧(ROS)水平,WB法检测各组786-O细胞中凋亡相关蛋白BAX、Bcl-2、C-casp3和SIRT1/NF-κB轴相关蛋白SIRT1、p-NF-κB蛋白的表达。786-O细胞移植瘤实验检测番茄红素低(5 mg/kg)、高质量浓度(20 mg/Kg)、顺铂(2 mg/kg)、番茄红素(20 mg/kg)+EX527(10 mg/kg)对移植瘤生长的影响,TUNEL法检测各组移植瘤组织中的细胞凋亡。结果:番茄红素呈剂量依赖性地抑制786-O细胞的增殖活性,番茄红素、顺铂均明显抑制786-O细胞的克隆形成能力且促进其凋亡,细胞中MMP损伤率升高而ROS水平降低,凋亡相关蛋白BAX、C-casp3表达均显著升高(均P<0.05)而Bcl-2表达下调(P<0.05),SIRT1表达显著升高(P<0.05)而p-NF-κB的表达显著降低(P<0.05),上述作用均可被EX527逆转;番茄红素、顺铂抑制786-O细胞移植瘤的生长且促进其细胞凋亡,其作用也能被EX527逆转。结论:番茄红素通过上调SIRT1、抑制NF-κB通路的激活进而抑制786-O细胞增殖且诱导其凋亡。

萜类中药单体调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松症的机制

背景:核转录因子κB信号通路在骨质疏松症的发病中扮演着重要的角色。近年来,大量的研究表明萜类中药单体化合物可以通过调控核转录因子κB信号通路,抑制骨吸收细胞的活性,促进骨形成细胞的分化,从而降低骨吸收并增加骨形成,对骨质疏松症具有一定的预防和治疗作用。目的:通过对国内外文献的分析和总结,深入研究核转录因子κB信号通路与骨质疏松症的关系,并对萜类中药单体化合物调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松症的作用机制进行阐明,同时对靶向调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松的萜类中药单体化合物进行系统性归纳。方法:由2名研究员根据拟定的纳入及排除标准以“NF-κB,骨质疏松症,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,血管生成,中药,萜类化合物”等为检索词检索中国知网数据库,以“NF-κB,osteoporosis,Osteoblasts,Osteoclasts,Angiogenesis,traditional Chinese medicine,terpenoid”等为检索词检索PubMed数据库相关文献,检索时间为建库至2022年12月,再通过第3名研究员对文献进行汇总和整理,最终纳入75篇文献进行系统性综述。结果与结论:①核转录因子κB信号通路能通过调控成骨细胞、破骨细胞的分化和增殖,以及血管生成,介导骨质疏松症的发病与进展。②核转录因子κB信号通路对成骨细胞的增殖和分化具有负调控的作用,激活核转录因子κB信号通路能增强破骨细胞的活性,抑制成骨细胞的生长,进而抑制代偿骨的生成保持骨稳态,但是过度激活核转录因子κB信号通路则会导致骨质疏松症。③核转录因子κB信号通路通过上调血管生成素1、血小板源性生长因子BB及血管内皮生长因子等细胞因子的表达水平,促进骨内血管生长,参与“血管生成-成骨”偶联。④萜类中药单体化合物在组织工程领域中具有促进骨细胞的增殖和分化,进而促进骨组织生长和修复的作用。⑤萜类中药单体化合物可以通过抑制核转录因子κB抑制蛋白降解,阻断核转录因子κB/P65蛋白磷酸化及核转位等过程,进而减弱核转录因子κB信号通路的传导,促进成骨细胞分化,抑制破骨细胞形成,起到防治骨质疏松的作用。⑥目前,萜类中药单体化合物调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松症的研究主要是基于体外细胞实验和动物模型,对于人体内复杂的生理和病理过程尚缺乏相关研究,未来需要开展更多的临床研究,进一步明确核转录因子κB信号通路参与干预骨质疏松症的作用机制和疗效。

和厚朴酚对铜绿假单胞菌肺炎小鼠炎症因子及TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路的影响

【目的】观察和厚朴酚对铜绿假单胞菌肺炎小鼠的治疗作用及机制。【方法】将50只小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,和厚朴酚低、中、高剂量组(剂量分别为96、192、384 mg·kg-1·d-1),每组10只。除正常组,其余各组小鼠通过气管滴注铜绿假单胞菌液建立肺炎模型。连续给药4周后,计算小鼠肺指数,酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素6(IL)-6、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察肺组织病理损伤情况,实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRTPCR)法和Western Blot法分别检测肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)mRNA和蛋白相对表达量。【结果】正常组小鼠肺组织未见明显异常改变;模型组小鼠肺组织可见严重的炎症细胞浸润、水肿、间质充血和肺泡壁增厚;和厚朴酚低、中、高剂量组小鼠肺组织病理损伤得到不同程度的减轻。与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肺指数,血清IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平以及肺组织TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,和厚朴酚低、中、高剂量组小鼠肺指数,血清IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平以及肺组织TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB mRNA和蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05),表现为和厚朴酚高剂量组<和厚朴酚中剂量组<和厚朴酚低剂量组。【结论】和厚朴酚可减轻铜绿假单胞菌肺炎小鼠肺组织损伤,降低炎症反应,其可能是通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路发挥作用。

梓醇对T2DM大鼠大血管病变的保护作用及与oxLDL/LDL和NF-κB信号通路的关系

目的探讨梓醇对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠大血管病变的保护作用与氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)/低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的关系。方法用高糖高脂饲料喂养和腹腔注射STZ复合因素对大鼠进行T2DM造模,将大鼠分为模型组、二甲双胍组(134 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、梓醇组(10 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),另设对照组,每组10只,模型组和对照组给予相同体积的0.9%氯化钠溶液,干预4周。结束后,自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平;酶联免疫吸附法测定人巨噬细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、oxLDL含量;RT-PCR法检测主动脉壁LOX-1、NF-κB p65、MCP-1 mRNA表达;Western blot检测主动脉壁LOX-1、NF-κB p65、MCP-1蛋白表达;透射电镜观察大鼠主动脉内皮细胞结构。结果对照组大鼠主动脉内皮细胞形态正常,模型组细胞显著肿胀,连续性中断、见空泡,部分内皮细胞有显著脱落,细胞核褶皱变形,线粒体、内质网中度肿胀,嵴肿胀紊乱或溶解,见脂滴、糖原颗粒;二甲双胍组和梓醇组内皮细胞形态结构轻微肿胀,线粒体、内质网结构正常,细胞核轻微变形,部分内皮细胞有轻微脱落,损伤程度显著轻于模型组。与对照组比较,模型组血清FBG、TC、TG、LDL水平,MCP-1和oxLDL水平,主动脉壁LOX-1、NF-κB p65、MCP-1 mRNA及蛋白表达量显著性升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和梓醇组血清FBG、TC、TG、LDL水平,MCP-1和oxLDL水平,主动脉壁LOX-1、NF-κB p65、MCP-1 mRNA及蛋白表达量显著性降低(P<0.05)。结论梓醇可能通过oxLDL/LDL和NF-κB信号通路减轻T2DM大鼠大血管病变。

柯萨奇病毒B组5型非结构蛋白抑制NF-κB信号通路的作用机制研究

目的 柯萨奇病毒B组5型(CVB5)是手足口病的重要病原体之一,可导致发热、皮疹或疱疹等临床症状,重症者出现神经系统疾病,甚至死亡。天然免疫应答是机体抗病毒入侵的第一道防线,其中核因子κB (NF-κB)是宿主天然免疫反应中的重要蛋白质,然而关于CVB5感染后调控NF-κB介导信号通路的研究尚鲜有报道。方法 本研究通过检测启动子活性、促炎因子水平以及通路中关键蛋白表达等,阐明CVB5对NF-κB信号通路的调控作用机制。结果 CVB5感染可抑制促炎因子表达和p65的磷酸化。CVB5非结构蛋白(NSP)可抑制促炎因子表达以及重要蛋白p65和IκBα的磷酸化。经STRING11.1数据库预测表明,CVB5 3CD蛋白与宿主多聚胞嘧啶结合蛋白1 (PCBP1)具有相互作用,且PCBP1可促进IκBα和p65的磷酸化,抑制病毒复制。结论 CVB5 NSP可负调控NF-κB信号通路,且与3CD相互作用的PCBP1蛋白可通过调控NF-κB通路抑制CVB5复制。本研究探索病毒与宿主天然免疫应答的调控作用,从而为研制抗CVB5感染的药物提供作用靶点。

Hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates tumor necrosis factor-α expression in cultured mesangial cells via ERKs and NF-κB pathways

Objective:To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus(HBV)X protein(HBx)on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)and the underlying intracellular signal pathways.Methods:The plasmid pCI-neo-X that carries the X gene of hepatitis B virus was transfected into cultured GMCs.HBx expression in the transfected GMCs was assessed by Western-blot.TNF-αprotein and mRNA were assessed by ELISA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR,respectively.Three kinase inhibitors-U0126,an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERKs);lactacvstin,an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB);and SB203580,a selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase(p38 MAPK)were used to determine which intracellular signal pathways may underlie the action of HBx on TNF-αexpression in transfected GMCs.Results:A significant increase in HBx expression in pCI-neo-X transfected GMCs was detected at 36 h and 48 h,which was not affected by any of those kinase inhibitors mentioned above.A similar increase in the expression of both TNF-αprotein and mRNA was also observed at 36 h and 48 h,which was significantly decreased in the presence of U0126 or lactacytin,but not SB203580.Conclusions:HBx upregulates TNF-αexpression in cultured GMCs,possibly through ERKs and NF-κB pathway,but not p38 MAPK pathway.

Jianpi Qingchang decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation

To investigate the therapeutic effect of Jianpi Qingchang decoction (JPQCD) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice.METHODSC57BL/c mice were injected intragastrically with 5% DSS instead of drinking water for 7 d, and their body weight, diarrhea severity and fecal bleeding were monitored, while the mice in the control group were treated with standard drinking water, without DSS. After 7 d, the DSS drinking water was changed to normal water and the DSS group continued with DSS water. The control and DSS groups were given normal saline by intragastric injection. The 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group was treated orally with 5-ASA at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. The JPQCD group was treated orally with JPQCD at a dose of 17.1 g/kg daily. On day 14, the colon length was measured, the colorectal histopathological damage score was assessed, and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in colon supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB and inhibitor of kappa B.RESULTSAcute inflammation occurred in the mice administered DSS, including the symptoms of losing body weight, loose feces/watery diarrhea and presence of fecal blood; all these symptoms worsened at 7 d. The colons of mice treated with DSS were assessed by histological examination, and the results confirmed that acute inflammation had occurred, as evidenced by loss of colonic mucosa and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, and these features extended into the deeper layer of the colon walls. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the DSS group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the JPQCD and 5-ASA groups were lower than those in the DSS group after treating with JPQCD and 5-ASA. Comparing with the DSS group, the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NF-κB was significantly reduced by 5-ASA and JPQCD. The difference between JPQCD and 5-ASA groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Comparing with the DSS group, due to using JPQCD and 5-ASA, significant suppression of activation in DSS-induced NF-κB and increased phosphorylation of IκB in mice with experimental colitis occurred (P < 0.05). The difference between the JPQCD group and the 5-ASA group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONActivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is inhibited by JPQCD, which shows the potential mechanism by which JPQCD treats UC.