Silencing of Jumonji domain-containing 1C inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via nuclear factor-κB signaling

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder induced by an imbalance between osteoclastic activity and osteogenic activity.During osteoporosis,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)exhibit an increased ability to differentiate into adipocytes and a decreased ability to differentiate into osteoblasts,resulting in bone loss.Jumonji domain-containing 1C(JMJD1C)has been demonstrated to suppress osteoclastogenesis.AIM To examine the effect of JMJD1C on the osteogenesis of BMSCs and the potential underlying mechanism.METHODS BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow tissues.Oil Red O staining,Alizarin red staining,alkaline phosphatase staining and the expression of adipo-genic and osteogenic-associated genes were assessed to determine the differen-tiation of BMSCs.Bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)were incubated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaΒligand to induce osteoclast differentiation,and osteoclast differen-tiation was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.Other related genes were measured via reverse transcription coupled to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta.RESULTS The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from mouse bone marrow samples was evaluated.JMJD1C mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in BMSCs after osteoblast induction,while p-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and inflammatory cytokines were not significantly altered.Knockdown of JMJD1C repressed osteogenic differentiation and enhanced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine release in BMSCs.Moreover,JMJD1C expression decreased during BMM osteoclast differentiation.CONCLUSION The JMJD1C/NF-κB signaling pathway is potentially involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

五味子乙素通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺部损伤的影响

目的:探讨五味子乙素通过Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠肺部损伤的影响。方法:取SD大鼠,通过胆胰管内逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠方法诱导建立AP肺损伤模型,经随机数表法分为模型组、五味子乙素组、TLR4过表达载体组、TLR4空载组、五味子乙素+TLR4过表达载体组,每组12只大鼠,再取12只SD大鼠仅翻动肠管不注射5%牛磺胆酸钠,作为假手术组。以药物分别干预大鼠后,检测各组大鼠肺功能及各组大鼠腹水量与肺组织湿重/干重(W/D);HE染色检测各组大鼠肺组织病理形态并评分;检测各组大鼠动脉血气;全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清淀粉酶,ELISA检测炎症细胞因子IL-6、IL-18水平;蛋白免疫印迹法检测肺组织TLR4/NF-κB通路蛋白表达;免疫组织化学染色检测肺组织TLR4蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠肺组织出现病理损伤改变,模型组大鼠MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI显著降低(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组、五味子乙素+TLR4过表达载体组分别相比,五味子乙素组大鼠肺组织病理损伤改变程度均减轻,MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI均升高(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平均降低(P<0.05);TLR4过表达载体组大鼠肺组织病理损伤改变程度均加重,MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI均降低(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平均升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,TLR4空载组大鼠各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:五味子乙素可通过下调TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,抑制炎症,减轻AP大鼠肺部损伤,修复肺功能。

Apigenin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in C57BL/6J mice by inactivating STAT3 and NF-κB

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.Therefore,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Our results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic hyperplasia.Abnormal differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated mice.Mechanistically,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A axis.Moreover,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Furthermore,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κB.Taken together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.

山姜素调控PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路对冠心病大鼠心肌损伤的影响

目的:探讨山姜素调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对冠心病(CHD)大鼠心肌损伤的影响。方法:选取健康成年SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只,随机分为空白组、模型组、山姜素小剂量组、山姜素中剂量组、山姜素高剂量组各12只,采用Western blot法检测大鼠PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路蛋白表达,采用ELISA法检测大鼠炎症因子指标[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-18(IL-18)]和氧化应激指标[活性氧(ROS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)],观察并记录大鼠心肌损伤情况。结果:与空白组比较,模型组的心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积更大(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积均缩小(P<0.05),且高剂量组的心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积小于山姜素中、小剂量组,中剂量组心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积小于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组的PI3K、Akt、NF-κB更高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的PI3K、Akt、NF-κB均升高(P<0.05),且高剂量组的PI3K、Akt、NF-κB高于山姜素中、小剂量组,中剂量组PI3K、Akt、NF-κB高于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18更高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18均降低(P<0.05),且山姜素高剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18低于中、小剂量组,山姜素中剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18低于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组的ROS、GSH-Px、MDA更高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的ROS、GSH-Px、MDA均降低(P<0.05),且山姜素高剂量组ROS、GSH-Px、MDA低于山姜素中、小剂量组,山姜素中剂量组的ROS、GSH-Px、MDA低于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:山姜素可通过调控PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路改善CHD大鼠心肌炎症和氧化应激状况,进而发挥心肌保护作用。

N-acetylserotonin alleviates retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB pathway in rats

AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.

红景天苷通过NF-κB/Bcl-2信号通路对重症肺炎大鼠肺血管内皮细胞凋亡及IL-23、Th17表达的影响

目的:探讨红景天苷通过核转录因子(NF-κB)/B淋巴细胞瘤2(Bcl-2)信号通路对重症肺炎大鼠肺血管内皮细胞(PVECs)凋亡及白介素-23(IL-23)、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)表达的影响。方法:将50只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、红景天苷组、抑制剂组、红景天苷+抑制剂组五组,每组10只。除假手术组外,均建立重症肺炎大鼠模型。造模成功后红景天苷组大鼠腹腔注射红景天苷(100 mg/kg);抑制剂组大鼠腹腔注射NF-κB抑制剂喹唑啉化合物(EVP4593)(5 mg/kg);红景天苷+抑制剂组大鼠腹腔注射红景天苷(200 mg/kg)+EVP4593(3 mg/kg);假手术组、模型组腹腔注射等容积的0.9%氯化钠溶液。所有大鼠持续干预7 d后使用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA法)检测各组大鼠血清中白介素(IL)-17、IL-23,流式细胞术检测血清中Th17细胞比例,HE染色观察肺组织病理形态,免疫印记检测大鼠肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达。取肺组织进行PVECs培养并检测第2代PVECs的增殖率及凋亡率。结果:与假手术组相比,各建模组大鼠血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例,肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达以及PVECs凋亡率均明显升高,PVECs增殖率明显降低(P<0.05),肺组织病变严重;与模型组相比,红景天苷组、抑制剂组、红景天苷+抑制剂组大鼠血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例,肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达以及PVECs凋亡率均明显降低,PVECs增殖率明显升高(P<0.05),肺组织病变有所好转;与红景天苷组、抑制剂组相比,红景天苷+抑制剂组大鼠血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例,肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达以及PVECs凋亡率均明显降低,PVECs增殖率明显升高(P<0.05),肺组织形态基本恢复正常;红景天苷组与抑制剂组相比,血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例、肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达、PVECs凋亡/增殖率以及肺组织形态差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:红景天苷可通过降低NF-κB/Bcl-2水平调节重症肺炎大鼠IL-23/Th17平衡,并有效抑制PVECs凋亡。

Isoflavone Attenuates the Nuclear Transcription Factor Kappa B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) Activation on MPP⁺-Induced Apoptosis of PC12 Cells

Objective: To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular response to the challenge by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, an in vitro cell model for Parkinson’s disease, and the effect of NF-κB activation on the protection of Parkinson’s disease by Isoflavone (I). Methods: PC12 cells were used to establish the cell model of Parkinson’s disease, and are divided into five groups: control group;MPP+ group;I (Isoflavone) + MPP+ group;I group;SN-50 + MPP+ group. The content of NF-κB in PC12 cells was determined by immunocytochemistry;The viability of PC12 cells after treated with cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitor SN-50 and cell viability were measured by MTT assay;the expression levels of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm and nuclear fractions were evaluated by western blot analysis;the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: Compared with the control group, the protein of NF-κB p65 both in cytoplasm and in nuclei was significantly higher than in I + MPP+ and MPP+ groups;similarly, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly higher;moreover, the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I group (P + group, the protein of NF-κB p65 was significantly lower in I + MPP+ group, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly lower, and the protein expression level of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I + MPP+ group (P + group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NF-κB activation is essential to MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells;but Isoflavone can inhibit the cell damage to some extent to execute its protective function, which may be involved in nigral neurodegeneration in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Role of Nuclear Transcription Factor-кB in Endotoxin induced Shock in Rats

Summary: To investigate the role of NF-κB in endotoxic shock in rats, the model of endotoxin-shock rats was induced by intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after LPS injection, the activation of NF-κB in blood mononuclear cells and the content of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA). The level of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the histopathological changes of lung and liver were also observed. The activation of NF-κB in mononuclear cells increased 1 h after LPS injection and reached its peak 2 h after the injection, and its level was higher than that of normal group. The level of TNF-α was increased 1 h after the infusion and peaked 2 h after the injection, and its level was higher than that of normal group after LPS infusion. The content of IL-6 increased gradually with time, the IL-6 level was higher than that of normal group after LPS injection. MAP was decreased gradually with time and its level was lower than that of normal group after LPS injection. Pathological examination showed that endotoxic shock could cause pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cell in lung tissue and congestion, edema, capillary dilation and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue. It is concluded that NF-κB can up-regulate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and play an important role in endotoxin-induced shock in rats.

基于BDNF通路探讨化痰通络汤治疗卒中后认知功能障碍的研究

目的 观察化痰通络汤治疗卒中后认知功能障碍(PSCI)痰瘀阻络证的临床疗效及其对患者血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)通路相关因子的影响。方法 收集符合纳入标准的患者60例,随机分为对照组和治疗组各30例。对照组予基础治疗和尼莫地平治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加服化痰通络汤,2组疗程均为4周。治疗前后比较2组简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)、中医证候积分及血清BDNF、核转录因子κB(NF-κB)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)水平变化,治疗后评估2组患者中医临床疗效,治疗期间观察2组患者不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后,2组患者MMSE评分显著增加,中医证候积分总积分明显降低(P<0.01),治疗组优于对照组(P<0.01);2组患者血清BDNF、NF-κB、Bcl-2水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),Bax水平明显下降(P<0.01),治疗组优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 化痰通络汤能够改善痰瘀阻络型PSCI患者临床症状,安全有效,其疗效机制可能与调控BDNF通路,抑制神经细胞凋亡有关。

A Nonradioactive Method for Detecting DNA-binding Activity of Nuclear Transcription Factors

To determine the feasibility of a nonradioactive electrophoresis mobility shift assay for detecting nuclear transcription factor, double-stranded oligonucleotides encoding the consensus target sequence of NF-κB were labled with DIG by terminal transferase After nuclear protein stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or PMA and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) electrophoresed on 8 % nondenaturing poliacrylamide gel together with oligeonucleotide probe, they were electro-blotted nylon membrane positively charged Anti-DIG-AP antibody catalyzed chemiluminescent substrate CSPD to image on X-film The results showed that nuclear proteins binded specifically to the NF-κB consensus sequence in the EMSA by chemiluminescent technique method and the activity of NF-κB in PMA group was more than that in PMA+PDTC group It is suggested that detection of NF-κB by EMSA with chemiluminescent technique is feasible and simple, which can be performed in ordinary laboratories

多黏菌素B通过下调NF-κB抑制HBV转录复制的机制研究

目的:研究多黏菌素B通过下调核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)转录和复制的影响。方法:通过MTT法检测多黏菌素B在HepG2-NTCP、HepAD38、HepG2.2.15、HepG2、Huh-7和PLC/PRF/5细胞中的细胞毒性;使用10、50和100 nmol/L的多黏菌素B处理HBV感染的HepG2-NTCP细胞和HBV稳定复制的HepG2.2.15细胞,通过RT-qPCR方法检测细胞中HBV RNA和HBV DNA水平,ELISA方法检测细胞上清中乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)和乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)水平,明确多黏菌素B对HBV的调控作用。利用转录组测序筛选多黏菌素B调控HBV转录复制的效应分子NF-κB;同时检测敲减及过表达NF-κB对HBV的调控作用;利用双萤光素酶报告基因实验检测NF-κB对Cp、Xp、Sp1和Sp2启动子活性的影响;利用回补实验探究多黏菌素B调控HBV转录复制是否依赖于NF-κB。结果:MTT实验结果显示,浓度低于100μmol/L时,多黏菌素B对HepG2-NTCP、HepAD38、HepG2.2.15、HepG2、Huh-7和PLC/PRF/5细胞无明显毒性。在10、50和100 nmol/L的浓度下,多黏菌素B呈浓度依赖性抑制HBV感染的HepG2-NTCP细胞和HBV稳定复制的HepG2.2.15细胞中HBV RNA、HBV DNA、HBsAg和HBeAg水平。通过转录组测序发现,多黏菌素B可以显著抑制HBV感染的HepG2-NTCP细胞中NF-κB的表达水平;进一步,过表达NF-κB显著上调HBV感染的HepG2-NTCP细胞中HBV RNA、HBV DNA、HBsAg和HBeAg水平,沉默时则相反;同时,双萤光素酶报告基因实验显示NF-κB可增强HBV Sp2启动子活性。回补实验发现多黏菌素B调控HBV转录复制依赖于NF-κB。结论:多黏菌素B通过下调NF-κB进而抑制HBV Sp2启动子活性,最终抑制HBV转录复制。

HSPA1A受HOTAIR/miR-590-3p轴调控促进I/R诱导的心肌梗死大鼠体内NF-κB介导的炎症反应

目的:探讨热休克70 kDa蛋白1A(HSPA1A)受长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)高温转录物反义RNA(HOTAIR)/微小RNA(miR)-590-3p轴的调控,对心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)诱导的急性心肌梗死大鼠模型的调控作用。方法:建立大鼠心肌I/R损伤模型,将SD大鼠随机分为6组,分别为假手术组、I/R组、I/R联合siRNA沉默的HSPA1A组(I/R+si-HSPA1A组)、I/R联合siRNA沉默的HOTAIR组(I/R+si-HOTAIR组)、I/R联合si-HSPA1A的阴性对照组(I/R+si-NC组)、I/R联合siRNA沉默的HOTAIR的阴性对照组(I/R+si-NC2组)。建立H9C2细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)模型,将H9C2细胞随机分为Ctrl组、H/R组、H/R联合si-HOTAIR组(H/R+si-HOTAIR组)、H/R联合si-HOTAIR和过表达HSPA1A组(I/R+si-HOTAIR+pc-HSPA1A组)4组。将常规培养的H9C2细胞分为miR-590-3p的拟似物组(mimic组)、mimic阴性对照组(mimic-NC组)、si-NC2组和si-HOTAIR组4组。用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色进行心肌组织病理学检查。用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测心肌组织中肌酸激酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的表达以及血清中白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的浓度。四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测H9C2细胞的活力。用Western blot分析HSPA1A、核因子-κB(NF-κB)P65、磷酸化的NF-κB P65(p-NF-κB P65)、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的表达。用实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法分析HOTAIR和miR-590-3p的表达。利用双荧光素酶报告实验检测miR-590-3p与HSPA1A的3′非翻译区(UTR)以及HOTAIR与miR-590-3p的结合作用。结果:与假手术组比,I/R诱导后明显增加了心肌组织损伤和炎症(均P<0.05)。与I/R+si-NC组比,I/R+si-HSPA1A组的HSPA1A、NF-κB P65、p-NF-κB P65、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α表达水平都下调(均P<0.05),缓解了心肌损伤和炎症反应。与假手术组比,I/R诱导后明显增加了HOTAIR表达并下调了miR-590-3p的表达(均P<0.05)。与I/R+si-NC2组比,I/R+si-HOTAIR组的HSPA1A、NF-κB P65、p-NF-κB P65、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α表达水平都下调(均P<0.05),miR-590-3p的表达水平上调(P<0.05),缓解了心肌损伤和炎症反应。与H/R组比,H/R+si-HOTAIR组上调了H/R诱导下的H9C2细胞的增殖率(P<0.05),而H/R+si-HOTAIR+pc-HSPA1A组的细胞增殖率明显低于H/R+si-HOTAIR组(P<0.05)。与H/R组比,H/R+si-HOTAIR组H/R诱导的H9C2细胞中HOTAIR、HSPA1A、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达显著降低(均P<0.05),而H/R+si-HOTAIR+pc-HSPA1A组IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达则显著增加(均P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告实验检测发现HSPA1A的3′-UTR可直接结合miR-590-3p(P<0.05),且在H9C2细胞中,与mimic-NC组比,mimic组中的HSPA1A蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05)。另外,HOTAIR也可直接结合miR-590-3p(P<0.05)。在H9C2细胞中,与si-NC2组相比,si-HOTAIR组的miR-590-3p表达水平上调(P<0.05)。结论:HSPA1A受HOTAIR/miR-590-3p轴调控促进I/R诱导的心肌梗死大鼠体内NF-κB介导的炎症反应。

中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症:核转录因子κB信号通路的作用

背景:基于核转录因子κB通路探究神经炎症的靶向治疗越来越值得探究,中药靶点多、范围广、机制丰富及不良反应少等优点在治疗各类疾病时都具有十分巨大的潜力。目的:基于核转录因子κB信号通路,对近年研究中出现的山奈酚、红花黄、汉黄芩苷及雷公藤甲素等中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症的研究进展进行系统的阐述与归纳。方法:以“脊髓损伤,炎症,抗炎,中药单体,单体化合物,NF-κB信号通路,黄酮,糖苷,酚类,酯类,生物碱”为检索词在中国知网数据库中进行检索;以“Spinal cord injury,inflammation,anti-inflammatory,traditional Chinese medicine monomer,monomeric compound,NF-κB signaling pathway,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,esters,alkaloids”为检索词在PubMed数据库中进行检索,最终共纳入67篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①核转录因子κB信号通路在神经系统中的作用复杂多样,能够调控中性粒细胞、小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和巨噬细胞等,介导损伤后炎症的发生与发展;②中药单体如汉黄芩苷对核转录因子κB抑制蛋白的降解、红花黄素对核转录因子κB信号通路磷酸化过程的抑制、山奈酚对核转录因子κB信号通路p65核易位的抑制等作用可以降低炎症反应对机体造成的影响,从而促进神经功能恢复;③核转录因子κB信号通路在损伤早期能够促进炎症反应和免疫细胞迁移活化,在损伤中后期能够促进损伤部位的修复和纤维化的发生等,适当的激活核转录因子κB信号通路具有促进炎症因子的释放、提高细胞的抗氧化能力及促进免疫细胞的活化等能力,但过度激活的核转录因子κB信号通路则容易导致慢性炎症的发生和持续、细胞凋亡受到抑制等;④未来的研究可以进一步探索如何准确调控核转录因子κB信号通路的活化水平、如何实现对神经系统炎症和损伤的精准干预展开,也可围绕中药单体的制备及中药单体对信号通路的作用机制展开,以期为神经系统疾病的康复和功能恢复提供更有效的治疗策略。

基于NF-κB相关信号通路探讨常用中药治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)相关信号通路在溃疡性结肠炎的形成与发展中起到很大的作用。研究显示中药单体及单药可以通过NF-κB信号通路介导减少黏膜炎症反应、抑制肠道上皮细胞凋亡、增强肠道黏膜屏障、调节肠道内菌群丰度等抑制溃疡性结肠炎的发展,但具体的作用机制尚不明确。可能与调节TLR4/NF-κB信号通路、JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB信号通路、PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路、NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路等有关。涉及到的常用药物包括黄连、干姜、鸦胆子、黄芪、肉桂、青黛、雷公藤、黄芩、蒲公英、马齿苋、苦参、青蒿等及其提取物小檗碱、6-姜烯酚、鸦胆子苦醇、黄芪多糖、肉桂醛、雷公藤多苷、黄芩苷、苦参总碱、双氢青蒿素等。故围绕NF-κB相关信号通路对常用治疗UC的中药及其单体作一综述,旨在为进一步深入研究提供思路和参考。

银杏内酯B对膀胱癌J82细胞增殖、凋亡的机制研究

目的探究银杏内酯B对人膀胱癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的调控机制。方法体外培养人膀胱癌J82细胞系,分为对照组、低/中/高浓度实验组和阳性药物组;对照组、银杏内酯B组、激活剂组和抑制剂组,干预24 h。活细胞计数法测定细胞活力;5-乙炔基-2'脱氧尿嘧啶核苷法测定细胞增殖情况;Hoechst 33258染色法测定细胞凋亡情况;RT-qPCR法测定半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)和细胞周期素D1(Cyclin D1)的mRNA表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法测定Caspase-3、Cyclin D1及NF-κB通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,中/高浓度实验组和阳性药物组细胞活力、增殖率显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05);与阳性药物组相比,低/中浓度实验组细胞活力和增殖率显著升高,细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05);实验选择高浓度实验组分别加入激活剂和抑制剂作为激活剂组和抑制剂组进行后续NF-κB通路验证实验,发现与对照组相比,银杏内酯B组Caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著升高,而Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白以及p-IκBα和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与银杏内酯B组相比,激活剂组细胞凋亡率及Caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低,细胞活力、增殖率、Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白以及p-IκBα和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),抑制剂组的这些指标变化趋势与激活剂组相反(P<0.05)。结论银杏内酯B可显著抑制人膀胱癌J82细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡,其作用机制与抑制NF-κB通路的信号转导相关。

Glycine Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis in Myocardial Infarction in Rats Partly through Modulating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Nuclear Factor-κB/Transforming Growth Factor-β axis

Objective: Inflammation and fibrosis are strongly associated with each other. Glycine is present in various traditional Chinese medicines and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effects of glycine on myocardial fibrosis(MF) in rats with myocardial infarction(MI) have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of glycine therapy on MF and comprehend its underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Left anterior descending artery ligation-induced MI in Sprague Dawley rats was leveraged to assess the therapeutic effects of Glycine. Rats received either normal saline or glycine(0.5 mg/g bodyweight) for 7 days. Results: Glycine upregulated cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening to improve cardiac function, as evaluated by echocardiography. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that glycine could decrease inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviate collagen deposition. Western blotting revealed that nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory signaling was also downregulated by glycine treatment. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) was decreased significantly in the glycine-treated group compared to the model group. Thus, glycine plays a protective role against myocardial ischemia and subsequent MF. Conclusion: The protective effects of glycine were achieved partly through STAT3/NF-κB/TGF-β signaling pathway.

IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨核因子κb激酶亚基ε的抑制剂(IKBKE)、Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)和转录增强结构域转录因子2(TEAD2)在结直肠癌(CRC)组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法收集2016年1月至2017年12月在蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院手术切除的142例CRC组织及对应癌旁组织,采用免疫组化法检测标本中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2的表达情况。分析3种蛋白在CRC组织中表达的相关性,分析蛋白阳性率与患者临床病理参数及预后的关系;绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,比较这些蛋白不同表达情况患者的生存差异。采用Cox回归分析影响患者预后的危险因素。结果CRC组织中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2的阳性率均显著高于癌旁组织(65.5%比9.9%,73.9%比14.1%,66.9%比8.5%,均P<0.05)。IKBKE的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤-淋巴结-远处转移(TNM)分期有关,YAP1和TEAD2的表达均与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期有关。Spearman秩相关分析显示CRC组织中IKBKE与YAP1、TEAD2表达均呈正相关(均P<0.01)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性表达组的总生存率降低。Cox回归分析显示IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性、肿瘤分化程度高、TNM分期高是CRC患者预后的独立危险因素。结论CRC中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性表达与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期、转移等因素有关,可能成为CRC治疗的潜在靶点;检测这3个蛋白的表达有助于评估预后。

Hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates tumor necrosis factor-α expression in cultured mesangial cells via ERKs and NF-κB pathways

Objective:To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus(HBV)X protein(HBx)on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)and the underlying intracellular signal pathways.Methods:The plasmid pCI-neo-X that carries the X gene of hepatitis B virus was transfected into cultured GMCs.HBx expression in the transfected GMCs was assessed by Western-blot.TNF-αprotein and mRNA were assessed by ELISA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR,respectively.Three kinase inhibitors-U0126,an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERKs);lactacvstin,an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB);and SB203580,a selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase(p38 MAPK)were used to determine which intracellular signal pathways may underlie the action of HBx on TNF-αexpression in transfected GMCs.Results:A significant increase in HBx expression in pCI-neo-X transfected GMCs was detected at 36 h and 48 h,which was not affected by any of those kinase inhibitors mentioned above.A similar increase in the expression of both TNF-αprotein and mRNA was also observed at 36 h and 48 h,which was significantly decreased in the presence of U0126 or lactacytin,but not SB203580.Conclusions:HBx upregulates TNF-αexpression in cultured GMCs,possibly through ERKs and NF-κB pathway,but not p38 MAPK pathway.

Jianpi Qingchang decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation

To investigate the therapeutic effect of Jianpi Qingchang decoction (JPQCD) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice.METHODSC57BL/c mice were injected intragastrically with 5% DSS instead of drinking water for 7 d, and their body weight, diarrhea severity and fecal bleeding were monitored, while the mice in the control group were treated with standard drinking water, without DSS. After 7 d, the DSS drinking water was changed to normal water and the DSS group continued with DSS water. The control and DSS groups were given normal saline by intragastric injection. The 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group was treated orally with 5-ASA at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. The JPQCD group was treated orally with JPQCD at a dose of 17.1 g/kg daily. On day 14, the colon length was measured, the colorectal histopathological damage score was assessed, and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in colon supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB and inhibitor of kappa B.RESULTSAcute inflammation occurred in the mice administered DSS, including the symptoms of losing body weight, loose feces/watery diarrhea and presence of fecal blood; all these symptoms worsened at 7 d. The colons of mice treated with DSS were assessed by histological examination, and the results confirmed that acute inflammation had occurred, as evidenced by loss of colonic mucosa and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, and these features extended into the deeper layer of the colon walls. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the DSS group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the JPQCD and 5-ASA groups were lower than those in the DSS group after treating with JPQCD and 5-ASA. Comparing with the DSS group, the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NF-κB was significantly reduced by 5-ASA and JPQCD. The difference between JPQCD and 5-ASA groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Comparing with the DSS group, due to using JPQCD and 5-ASA, significant suppression of activation in DSS-induced NF-κB and increased phosphorylation of IκB in mice with experimental colitis occurred (P < 0.05). The difference between the JPQCD group and the 5-ASA group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONActivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is inhibited by JPQCD, which shows the potential mechanism by which JPQCD treats UC.

Blocking NF-kB nuclear translocation leads to p53-related autophagy activation and cell apoptosis

AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of SN50 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis morphological changes after SN50 treatment. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after SN50 treatment.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy including p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), LC3 and Beclin 1. We detected the effects of p53-mediated autophagy activation on the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. RESULTS: The viability of SGC7901 cells was inhibited after SN50 treatment. Inductions in the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and PUMA as well as autophagic protein DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 were detected with Western blotting analysis. SN50-treated cells exhibited punctuate microtubule-associated protein 1 LC3 in immunoreactivity and MDC-labeled vesicles increased after treatment of SN50 by MDC staining. Collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ were detected for 6 to 24 h after SN50 treatment. SN50-induced increases in PUMA, DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 and cell death were blocked by the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin-α. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor activity of NF-κB inhibitors is associated with p53-mediated activation of autophagy.