Artificial Intelligence Based Meteorological Parameter Forecasting for Optimizing Response of Nuclear Emergency Decision Support System

This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence (AI) based approach to predict crucial meteorological parameters such as temperature,pressure,and wind speed,typically calculated from computationally intensive weather research and forecasting (WRF) model.Accurate meteorological data is indispensable for simulating the release of radioactive effluents,especially in dispersion modeling for nuclear emergency decision support systems.Simulation of meteorological conditions during nuclear emergencies using the conventional WRF model is very complex and time-consuming.Therefore,a new artificial neural network (ANN) based technique was proposed as a viable alternative for meteorological prediction.A multi-input multi-output neural network was trained using historical site-specific meteorological data to forecast the meteorological parameters.Comprehensive evaluation of this technique was conducted to test its performance in forecasting various parameters including atmospheric pressure,temperature,and wind speed components in both East-West and North-South directions.The performance of developed network was evaluated on an unknown dataset,and acquired results are within the acceptable range for all meteorological parameters.Results show that ANNs possess the capability to forecast meteorological parameters,such as temperature and pressure,at multiple spatial locations within a grid with high accuracy,utilizing input data from a single station.However,accuracy is slightly compromised when predicting wind speed components.Root mean square error (RMSE) was utilized to report the accuracy of predicted results,with values of 1.453℃for temperature,77 Pa for predicted pressure,1.058 m/s for the wind speed of U-component and 0.959 m/s for the wind speed of V-component.In conclusion,this approach offers a precise,efficient,and wellinformed method for administrative decision-making during nuclear emergencies.

Sleep and Stress of Late Middle Age Males Who Are Forced to Live in Emergency Temporary Houses and Post-Earthquake Public Houses for a Long Period Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident

It has been revealed that prolonged shelter life caused by Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident in conjunction with the Great East Japan Earthquake influences sleep and mental health of the residents, and therefore its influence on their physical and emotional health has become a concern. Therefore, in this study, the authors aimed at clarifying actual situations of sleep and stress of middle age males living in shelters for a long period in each of emergency temporary houses and post-earthquake public houses. For 5 males who moved from emergency temporary houses to post-earthquake public houses, their objective and subjective sleep states were measured with Actigraph and PSQI, respectively. Furthermore, their objective and subjective stresses were measured with saliva stress biomarkers and GHQ28, respectively. Their data were analyzed by paired t-test. As result, in comparison between the life in the emergency temporary houses and post-earthquake public houses, significant variation was not recognized in their objective sleep states and saliva stress biomarkers though their subjective sleep and subjective stress were significantly worsened after moving to the post-earthquake public houses.

The Role of Countermeasures in Mitigating the Radiological Consequences of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents

The countermeasures are the actions that should be taken, after the occurrence of a nuclear accident to protect the public against the associated risks. These actions may be represented by sheltering, evacuation, distribution of stable iodine tablets and/or relocation. This study represents a comprehensive probabilistic study to investigate the role of the adoption of the countermeasures in case of a hypothetical accident of type LOCA for nuclear power plant of PWR （1000 Mw）. The effective doses in different organs, short and long health effects, and the associated risks are calculated with and without countermeasures. In addition, the overall costs of the accident and the costs of countermeasures are estimated which represent our first trials to know how much the proposed accident cost. The results showed that, the area around the site requires early and late countermeasures action after the accident especially in the downwind sectors. For late countermeasures, the duration time of relocation ranged from about two to 10 years. The adoption of the countermeasures increases the costs of emergency plan by 40% but reduces the risk associated the accident.

A framework for nuclear power plant emergency response system

The purpose of this study is to establish an intelligent expert system for nuclear power plant emergency response.A new framework of environmental risk management methodology by the concept of pattern recognition was introduced in this paper.A knowledge-based decision support system for emergency response and risk management of nuclear power plant was also discussed.The mathematical pattern relationship of accidental release effects on neighboring area and the corresponding response measures were presented in this paper.With this decision system,the decision maker can specify the procedure and minimize their human error in the decision process.The improvement of risk response and the quality of management system could be upgraded by this system.Besides,the methodology can also be served as a basis for the future development of environmental risk response system design.

EU Including: Development of Radiological and Nuclear Training Learning Objectives

Worldwide, about 20 million consignments of radioactive material are transported annually on public roads, railways, aircraft, and ships. About 95% of radioactive consignments are not related to nuclear power. In 2016, a total of 143 incidents of nuclear or other radioactive materials were found to be outside of regulatory control, which occurred in 19 countries. On an international level risk assessment has to account for the potential threats due to millions of radioactive sources in use worldwide and hundreds of tons of military grade U/Pu not under IAEA safeguards. The European Union (EU) has tasked the INCLUDING project consortium, connecting 15 partners from 10 EU Member States, to address this issue and create an innovative cluster for radiological and nuclear (RN) emergencies. The project is coordinated by the Italian Agency for the New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA). INCLUDING will provide comprehensive training in the RN security sector. Thereby, know-how is enhanced for practitioners in this sector. An important part in this endeavor is the development of radiological- and nuclear training learning objectives. INCLUDING partners involved in this task (Work Package 4) represent companies, organisations and government agencies from Austria, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary and Portugal. The task has four main objectives: 1) Harmonisation of RN education/training for EU first responders: 2) Identification of main problems in setting norms;3) Developing a training matrix using revised Bloom’s taxonomy;4) Use of the methodology developed for Joint Actions and its application at INCLUDING Cluster Facilities in different EU Member States. The INCLUDING Work Package 4 members have analyzed the EU EDEN Training Matrix and identified gaps in accordance with NATO CBRN training standards related to civil-military cooperation. Furthermore, they analyzed 5 EUHORIZON 2020- and 9 EUFP7-SECURITY projects, and 97 RN training courses offered to the international community by NATO, 6 EU organisations, Qatar, US military- and civilian organisations, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This paper will present these results, which are being used to develop the basic structure for the Learning Objective Catalogue (LOC), comprised of multiple RN-related Learning Objectives for different threat scenarios.

The Use of Underground Metro Stations and Tunnels as Protective Structures in Case of Nuclear Emergencies

This paper discusses the use of Underground Metro stations and tunnels as protective structures in case of nuclear emergencies. Six lines are taken as a case study to investigate the use of their underground stations and tunnels. The research explains the structural design of Underground Metro and the necessary needs for hidden people inside Underground Metro used as shelters. The research investigates the calculations of the number of hidden persons inside Underground Metro used as shelters. A field study has been conducted to an Underground Metro station to detemaine the peaceful use and the emergency use of all basements of the station. Also, the field study aims to determine the existing spaces and the needed spaces of the Underground Metro station to dual--used as a nuclear shelter. Three Underground Metro stations have been selected and a field study has been conducted to determine the usages of these basements, the planning, general and design features for each one of them, and whether they can be used as protective structures for citizens in emergencies. These basements were compared for their protective factors. Also, their capacities for sheltering were calculated.

Risk Communication and External Emergency Plan in Angra dos Reis, Brazil

The presence of a potentially hazardous facility in a community demands several safety procedures. Bringing risk communication among those actions may help the population that lives near the facility feel more confident and have the required knowledge on how to behave in an emergency situation. A research performed in Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil, where a nuclear power plant is located, shows that there is a lack of information and awareness about the emergency plan.

中国核应急领域发展态势研究

为明确中国核应急领域研究现状和发展态势,基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库,运用CiteSpace软件进行可视化计量分析。结果表明;中国核应急领域年度发文量总体呈上升趋势;已经形成相对集中合作网络,主要作者以从事核应急领域工作的科研机构和企事业单位科研学者为主;发文研究主要集中在后果评价与决策支持系统开发、基础技术研究、专用装备研发、信息化技术研究、医疗救治技术研究、法律法规构建、演习演练、公众风险沟通和心理援助研究方面,医学应急、虚拟仿真、应急体系、防原医学、疫情防控经验教训是国内核应急领域发文研究的重要前沿。

完善我国新时代核应急培训和演习工作的思考与建议

我国政府高度重视核应急培训和演习工作。作为核应急管理体系的重要组成部分,本文以核应急培训和演习为切入点,以国家“神盾”系列核应急联合演习作为案例分析,结合核应急核心能力建设的要点,提出完善我国新时代核应急培训和演习工作的思考与建议。

核能战略背景下Pu在中国海岸带的研究进展

人工放射性元素Pu在中国海岸带中的传输关系到国家核安全应急与海洋生态安全,在放射化学、海洋学、生态学、地球科学等领域具有重要的监测意义。中国海岸带处于西北太平洋边缘海区域,其强浊流环境的特征使得在该环境中洋流传输来的放射性物质Pu或其他人工放射性物质与海水中的悬浮物发生迅速的清除廓清作用。Pu在海洋沉积环境中发生明显的迁移作用,对其同位素指纹特征与其他地球化学指标的研究能迅速判别出放射性污染物质的来源与各自比率关系。该文综述了近几十年来Pu在中国海岸带环境中的研究进展,海岸带Pu的研究有助于国家核电战略与复杂外部海洋等环境下的海岸海洋核安全、地球环境变化的瞬时评估、突发核事故状态下的核应急保障。

某医院放射工作人员3年个人剂量检测及职业健康数据分析

目的分析某医院放射工作人员3年个人剂量检测及职业健康数据,探讨不同职业类别受照剂量的差异以及放射工作人员防护效果。方法本研究对2020年1月—2022年12月山东省某3家医院所有放射工作人员共7440人次个人剂量水平、职业健康数据进行分析。结果从事介入医学工作人员其个人有效剂量分布区间明显高于其他从业人员,特别在>3.0 mSv区间介入医学3名,而核医学及诊断放射学各1名。但总体分析显示,从事核医学的放射工作人员个人剂量要高于其他职业类别,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从事介入医学专业放射工作人员,其腹部B超异常率为42.31%,远高于平均水平的31.13%。核医学专业在血压、腹部B超等项目异常检出率显著高于其他职业类别(P<0.05)。结论2020—2022年,放射工作人员接收辐射剂量较多的是介入医学,其有效剂量分布区间相对较高,而核医学人均年有效剂量最高。同时,介入医学专业腹部B超异常率远高于平均水平,而核医学专业则在血压、腹部B超等项目异常检出率显著高于其他职业类别。

无人机载CeBr3航空监测系统无限大面源探测能力研究

在核设施发生重大事故后,快速获取事故应急区内的辐射水平,对后续应急决策及救援、保护公众免受辐射危害具有至关重要的意义,核应急航空辐射监测是核应急早期快速获取辐射水平的重要技术手段和方法之一,因此核工业航测遥感中心自主研发了无人机载CeBr3航空监测系统。为准确评估该监测系统的探测能力,文章使用蒙特卡罗方法对该监测系统进行了建模,并通过60Co点源对模型的准确性进行了验证。在此基础上,采用全能谱分析、蒙特卡罗及实验相结合的方法获得监测系统对天然辐射单位能谱,并以核事故后地面受到一个新的137Cs放射性沉降场景为例,计算监测系统在不同测量条件下(天然辐射本底、晶体体积、测量高度)对无限大137Cs面源的探测效率及最小可探测活度浓度。通过模拟及计算监测系统对天然辐射本底及核应急人工放射性核素的单位能谱,准确评估了自研的无人机载CeBr3核应急航空监测系统的探测能力,为后续利用该监测系统开展核与辐射航空监测可提供重要理论依据及数据支撑。

航空辐射数据热力图与视频融合方法

随着核能技术的广泛应用,核安全与应急监测的重要性日益凸显,核应急航空监测成为国家核应急体系的重要组成部分。在核应急航空监测过程中,获取并分析航空辐射数据与视频数据对于快速监测辐射状况、圈定辐射污染区域具有重要意义。其中,航空监测视频数据可以全面直观地获取目标区域地面影像,并大范围展现目标区域地面场景实态,结合放射性异常时刻的视频帧可快速精确地分析异常的成因,具有高时效性的特点。尽管视频融合技术在城市安全、交通管控等领域得到广泛应用,但在核应急航空监测领域中,视频融合技术研究应用较少,存在航空辐射数据与视频之间关联性较差的问题。传统方法中,应急人员需要手动搜寻视频关键帧,分析地表地貌特征,效率较低。设计并实现将航空辐射数据以热力图的形式与视频进行融合的程序,总体上遵循“视频-图像-视频”变换过程。通过有效提取视频关键帧图像及关注数据信息,建立数值与色度映射关系,分析飞行方向,绘制热力图,并将热力图与视频帧融合显示,实现航空辐射数据热力图与视频的融合。这种融合方法的应用可以帮助技术人员更快速地识别和分析辐射热点及污染区域,为制定应急措施提供有力支持。因此,该研究对于提高航空辐射数据与视频数据的关联度,实现快速分析核事故影响具有重要意义。此外,所采用的方法也可应用到铀矿勘查、辐射环境航空调查等工作中。

基于中子探测的核临界报警技术和应急准备

核临界安全是整个核燃料循环工艺阶段关注的特种安全问题。为限制核临界事故的发生,涉核营运单位在加强核安全培训、行政管理、临界受控参数约束的同时,还需要在可能发生核临界事故的工艺场所加装核临界监测报警设备,借助监测报警技术探知临界事故的发生,提醒工作人员应急响应或应急撤离,满足核安全监管的强制要求。本文探索了核临界事故前的预报警(警告性报警)技术和事故后的报警技术,以某核材料存储临界监测为例,经计算的最小临界事故报警阈值为3.95×10^(-6)Gy/min,在实际应用中,使临界报警仪设定阈值低于3.95×10^(-6)Gy/min,在临界事故发生前及时感知临界发展趋势,并及时采取应急措施,尽可能避免核临界事故的发生。而一旦发生核临界事故,就应该立即触发、执行有效的应急响应,其中应急准备是应急响应有效执行的重要组成部分和基础条件,因此存在核事故风险的涉核营运单位都应该重视应急准备这一重要环节,未雨绸缪,积极准备,不断完善,才能保障公众和环境的辐射安全。

核受体活性筛选在内分泌干扰物检测中的应用

内分泌干扰物是备受国内外关注的一类污染物,其种类繁多、分布范围广,在各类介质如水体、土壤、大气、生物体乃至人体中均有检出,对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在威胁。核受体途径是内分泌干扰物发挥作用的重要机制之一,一些内分泌干扰物可通过核受体介导途径调节靶基因的转录,从而产生内分泌干扰活性。常见的核受体响应的生物筛选方法采用离体细胞或无细胞测试,具有操作简便、速度快的特点。这些方法可用于化学纯品的内分泌干扰活性筛查,也可应用于实际复杂介质中内分泌干扰物的识别。该文综述了国内外内分泌干扰物筛选的标准方法及现状、基于核受体响应的内分泌干扰活性筛选方法以及核受体活性筛选在不同复杂介质内分泌干扰物检测中的应用,并对基于核受体活性筛选的内分泌干扰物检测的未来研究重点以及我国内分泌干扰物筛选方法的建立进行了展望,以期为我国新污染物筛查提供数据和技术参考。

面向核电厂应急软件的低代码开发平台构建

核应急是核能事业持续健康发展的重要保障。目前从核应急业务需求、性能提升及新技术应用等方面,国内多个核电厂面临核应急业务相关软件更新维护、升级改造等困难。本文基于低代码理念构建的核应急软件开发平台,形成了面向核应急业务软件的基础框架组件、业务逻辑算法开发组件、任务开发组件、监控图开发组件、核应急GIS展示组件、基于深度学习的机组状态诊断及预测组件等,通过可视化组态、图形化组态,以拖拉拽、组态和配置等低代码方式快速实现核应急软件各个业务功能开发,缩短了电厂核应急管理软件的开发周期,提升了软件稳定性及更新维护水平,更好满足核电厂应急响应、监管指标改进等各项需求。

防范森林火灾威胁核安全的思考

核能是实现“双碳”目标的重要支柱能源,发生在核设施周围区域的森林火灾,在极端天气作用下快速蔓延,严重威胁区域核安全。提升核设施周围区域森林火灾应急处置能力,对维护核安全具有重要意义。本文在分析乌克兰、俄罗斯、美国森林大火威胁核安全典型案例的基础上,从加强核能安全监管、排查林火风险隐患、构建林火阻隔体系、开展应急情景构建、提高舆情应对能力等五个方面提出政策建议,为做好核设施周围区域林火防控工作提供依据。

基于相变蓄冷的核电厂主控室非能动冷却系统

为提高现有核电厂主控室紧急可居留系统的蓄冷能力及热舒适性水平,提出了基于定形相变蓄冷材料的核电厂主控室非能动冷却系统。基于主控室热负荷分布情况,该冷却系统在主控室顶板与吊顶之间、内墙面、地板底面及循环风道内,针对性地布置相应的含有定形相变材料的非能动冷却装置,进而实现事故工况下对主控室温度的精确控制。该非能动冷却系统无需引入额外冷源和管道,可靠性强,同时不破坏主体结构,且可灵活布置,解决了现有主控室非能动热阱时间余量小、热舒适性差的问题。

核电厂应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统研究

核电厂应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统作为核电厂应急柴油发电机可靠性提升的最优方案,得到了核电行业专家高度认可,但因其系统复杂性,目前没有一款成熟产品面世。本文针对核电应急柴油发电机特殊环境和功能要求,以解决柴油发电机启动成功率要求高和有效避免重大设备灾难性损坏问题为目标,从状态监测、故障诊断、健康评估三个方面阐述了核电站应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统的开发需求,并以柴油发电机仿真模型建立和验证为基础,分析了状态监测系统研发中定期试验、启停模块、带卸载模块,以及故障诊断中热力参数模块、往复运动模块、振动模块的关键点。希望本文能够为核电厂应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统开发提供借鉴参考。