4PU—30[N—phenyl—’N—(2—chloro—4—pyridyl) urea] is a new type of plant growth regulator with cytokinin properties. It has been confirmed to delay rice leaf senescence effectively. In order to elucidate the physi...4PU—30[N—phenyl—’N—(2—chloro—4—pyridyl) urea] is a new type of plant growth regulator with cytokinin properties. It has been confirmed to delay rice leaf senescence effectively. In order to elucidate the physiological role of 4PU—30 in delaying senescence, the changes of protein, nucleic acid contents, and the related activities of degradative enzymes were studied. Shanyou 63, an indica hybrid rice was used for this experiment. In the in vitro experiment, two full—developed leaves from the top during heading stage were collected and cut into 5.0cm segments, They were floated on the surface of distilled water containing 0.1mg/14PU—30 and incubated in darkness at 30 C. The leaves floated on distilled water were used as control.It was observed that chlorophyll content in controlled leaves declined rapidly started from the second day and dropped by 93.4% on the 6th day while that in leaves treated with 4PU—30 declined by 41.4% only. During senescence, specific activities of hemoglobin—digesting展开更多
The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress an...The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Altered tight junction(TJ)proteins are correlated with carcinogenesis and tumor development.Nimbolide is a tetranotriterpenoid that has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties;howev...BACKGROUND Altered tight junction(TJ)proteins are correlated with carcinogenesis and tumor development.Nimbolide is a tetranotriterpenoid that has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties;however,its anticancer effects and molecular mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains obscure.AIM To investigate the effect of nimbolide on TJ proteins,cell cycle progression,and hepatic inflammation in a mouse model of HCC.METHODS HCC was induced in male Swiss albino mice(CD-1 strain)by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine(DEN)followed by 80 ppm N-nitrosomorpholine(NMOR)in drinking water for 28 wk.After 28 wk,nimbolide(6 mg/kg)was given orally for four consecutive weeks in DEN/NMOR induced HCC mice.At the end of the 32nd week,all the mice were sacrificed and blood and liver samples were collected for various analyses.Macroscopic examinations of hepatic nodules were assessed.Liver histology and HCC tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and glypican-3 were measured.Expression of TJ proteins,cell proliferation,and cell cycle markers,inflammatory markers,and oxidative stress markers were analyzed.In silico analysis was performed to confirm the binding and modulatory effect of nimbolide on zonula occludens 1(ZO-1),nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells(NF-κB),and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).RESULTS We found nimbolide treatment at a concentration of 6 mg/kg to HCC mice reduced hepatic tumor size by 52.08%and tumor volume(P<0.01),and delayed tumor growth in HCC mice with a concomitant reduction in tumor markers such as AFP levels(P<0.01)and glypican-3 expression(P<0.05).Furthermore,nimbolide treatment increased tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin expression(P<0.05,respectively)and reduced ZO-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein expression(P<0.001)in HCC mice liver.Nimbolide treatment to HCC mice also inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed cell cycle progression by attenuating proliferating cell nuclear antigen(P<0.01),cyclin dependent kinase(P<0.05),and CyclinD1(P<0.05)expression.In addition,nimbolide treatment to HCC mice ameliorated hepatic inflammation by reducing NF-κB,interleukin 1 beta and TNF-αexpression(P<0.05,respectively)and abrogated oxidative stress by attenuating 4-hydroxynonenal expression(P<0.01).Molecular docking studies further confirmed that nimbolide interacts with ZO-1,NF-κB,and TNF-α.CONCLUSION Our current study showed for the first time that nimbolide exhibits anticancer effect by reducing tumor size,tumor burden and by suppressing cell cycle progression in HCC mice.Furthermore,nimbolide treatment to HCC mice ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress,and improved TJ proteins expression.Consequently,nimbolide could be potentially used as a natural therapeutic agent for HCC treatment,however further human studies are warranted.展开更多
文摘4PU—30[N—phenyl—’N—(2—chloro—4—pyridyl) urea] is a new type of plant growth regulator with cytokinin properties. It has been confirmed to delay rice leaf senescence effectively. In order to elucidate the physiological role of 4PU—30 in delaying senescence, the changes of protein, nucleic acid contents, and the related activities of degradative enzymes were studied. Shanyou 63, an indica hybrid rice was used for this experiment. In the in vitro experiment, two full—developed leaves from the top during heading stage were collected and cut into 5.0cm segments, They were floated on the surface of distilled water containing 0.1mg/14PU—30 and incubated in darkness at 30 C. The leaves floated on distilled water were used as control.It was observed that chlorophyll content in controlled leaves declined rapidly started from the second day and dropped by 93.4% on the 6th day while that in leaves treated with 4PU—30 declined by 41.4% only. During senescence, specific activities of hemoglobin—digesting
文摘The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.
基金Supported by JIPMER intramural research grantIndian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),New Delhi,India,No.3/1/3 J.R.F.-2016/LS/HRDDepartment of Biotechnology,Government of India,No.102/IFD/SAN/22/2013-14.
文摘BACKGROUND Altered tight junction(TJ)proteins are correlated with carcinogenesis and tumor development.Nimbolide is a tetranotriterpenoid that has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties;however,its anticancer effects and molecular mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains obscure.AIM To investigate the effect of nimbolide on TJ proteins,cell cycle progression,and hepatic inflammation in a mouse model of HCC.METHODS HCC was induced in male Swiss albino mice(CD-1 strain)by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine(DEN)followed by 80 ppm N-nitrosomorpholine(NMOR)in drinking water for 28 wk.After 28 wk,nimbolide(6 mg/kg)was given orally for four consecutive weeks in DEN/NMOR induced HCC mice.At the end of the 32nd week,all the mice were sacrificed and blood and liver samples were collected for various analyses.Macroscopic examinations of hepatic nodules were assessed.Liver histology and HCC tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and glypican-3 were measured.Expression of TJ proteins,cell proliferation,and cell cycle markers,inflammatory markers,and oxidative stress markers were analyzed.In silico analysis was performed to confirm the binding and modulatory effect of nimbolide on zonula occludens 1(ZO-1),nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells(NF-κB),and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).RESULTS We found nimbolide treatment at a concentration of 6 mg/kg to HCC mice reduced hepatic tumor size by 52.08%and tumor volume(P<0.01),and delayed tumor growth in HCC mice with a concomitant reduction in tumor markers such as AFP levels(P<0.01)and glypican-3 expression(P<0.05).Furthermore,nimbolide treatment increased tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin expression(P<0.05,respectively)and reduced ZO-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein expression(P<0.001)in HCC mice liver.Nimbolide treatment to HCC mice also inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed cell cycle progression by attenuating proliferating cell nuclear antigen(P<0.01),cyclin dependent kinase(P<0.05),and CyclinD1(P<0.05)expression.In addition,nimbolide treatment to HCC mice ameliorated hepatic inflammation by reducing NF-κB,interleukin 1 beta and TNF-αexpression(P<0.05,respectively)and abrogated oxidative stress by attenuating 4-hydroxynonenal expression(P<0.01).Molecular docking studies further confirmed that nimbolide interacts with ZO-1,NF-κB,and TNF-α.CONCLUSION Our current study showed for the first time that nimbolide exhibits anticancer effect by reducing tumor size,tumor burden and by suppressing cell cycle progression in HCC mice.Furthermore,nimbolide treatment to HCC mice ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress,and improved TJ proteins expression.Consequently,nimbolide could be potentially used as a natural therapeutic agent for HCC treatment,however further human studies are warranted.
