GATA binding protein 2 mediated ankyrin repeat domain containing 26 high expression in myeloid-derived cell lines

BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia 2,an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by moderate thrombocytopenia,predisposition to myeloid malignancies and normal platelet size and function,can be caused by 5’-untranslated region(UTR)point mutations in ankyrin repeat domain containing 26(ANKRD26).Runt related transcription factor 1(RUNX1)and friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1)have been identified as negative regulators of ANKRD26.However,the positive regulators of ANKRD26 are still unknown.AIM To prove the positive regulatory effect of GATA binding protein 2(GATA2)on ANKRD26 transcription.METHODS Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from bone marrow(hiPSC-BM)INTRODUCTION Ankyrin repeat domain containing protein 26(ANKRD26)acts as a regulator of adipogenesis and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior[1-3].The ANKRD26 gene is located on chromosome 10 and shares regions of homology with the primate-specific gene family POTE.According to the Human Protein Atlas database,the ANKRD26 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and vesicles,and its expression can be detected in nearly all human tissues[4].Moreover,UniProt annotation revealed that ANKRD26 is localized in the centrosome and contains coiled-coil domains formed by spectrin helices and ankyrin repeats[5,6].The most common disease related to ANKRD26 is thrombocytopenia 2(THC2),which is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by lifelong mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia and mild bleeding[7-9].Caused by the variants in the 5’-untranslated region(UTR)of ANKRD26,THC2 is defined by a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood and results in increased bleeding and decreased clotting ability[8,10].Due to the point mutations that occur in the 5’-UTR of ANKRD26,its negative transcription factors(TFs),Runt related transcription factor 1(RUNX1)and friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1),lose their repression effect[11].The persistent expression of ANKRD26 increases the activity of the mitogen activated protein kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways,which are potentially involved in the regulation of thrombopoietin-dependent signaling and further impair proplatelet formation by megakaryocytes(MKs)[11].However,the positive regulators of ANKRD26,which might be associated with THC2 pathology,are still unknown.

Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 contributes to the innate immune response in THCE cells stimulated by Aspergillus fumigatus conidia

AIM: To investigate the expression of nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) in the immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line (THCE), and its role in the innate immune response triggered by inactive Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) conidia. METHODS: The normal THCE cells were investigated as controls. After incubation with inactive Af conidia for 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours, THCE cells were harvested, mRNA expression of NOD2 and receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) was detected by RT-PCR. Intracellular proteins including NOD2, NF-kappa B and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6 in the cell supernatant were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: Our data indicate that NOD2 expressed in the normal THCE cells. After triggered by the inactive Af conidia, the expression of NOD2, RIP2 mRNA and the secretion of NOD2, NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6 both increased in a time-depended manner, and reached the peak point at 4, 6, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4 hours, respectively. And after pretreated with NOD2 neutralizing antibody, the expression of RIP2, NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, IL-8 both decreased dramatically at the peak point, while the secretion of IL-6 changed little. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that NOD2 exists and expresses in the THCE cells, and contributes to the innate immune responses triggered by inactive Afconidia by induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-8 through the NF-kappa B pathway.

Effect of Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein 2(MBD2) on AMD-like Lesions in ApoE-Deficient Mice

Summary： The role of methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 （MBD2） in an ApoE-deficient mouse model of age-related macular degeneration （AMD） was investigated. Eight-week-old Mbd2/ApoE double deficient （Mbd2^-/- ApoE^-/-） mice （n=12, 24 eyes, experimental group） and MBD2 （wt） ApoE^-/- mice （n=12, 24 eyes, control group） were fed on Western-type diet for 4 months. The mice were sacrificed, and total serum cholesterol levels were analyzed and Bruch＇s membrane （BM） of the eyes was removed for ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （ICAM-1） immunoreactivities were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy in sections of the eyes in both groups for further understanding the function mechanism of MBD2. There was no significant difference in the total serum cholesterol levels between control group and experimental group （P〉0.05）. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that AMD-like lesions, various vacuoles accumulated on BM, notable outer collagenous layer deposits and dilated basal infoldings of retinal pigment epithelium （RPE） were seen in both groups, and the BM in control group was significantly thickened as compared with experimental group （P〈0.05）. Fluorescence micrographs exhibited the expression of ICAM-1 in choroid was higher in control group than in experimental group. We are led to conclude that MBD2 gene knockout may lead to accumulation of more deposits on the BM and influence the pathogenesis of AMD via triggering endothelial activation and inflammatory response in choroid, improving microcirculation, and reducing lipid deposition so as to inhibit the development of AMD-like lesions. Our study helps to provide a new therapeutic approach for the clinical treatment of AMD.

Influence of a nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) polymorphism and NOD2 mutant alleles on Crohn's disease phenotype

AIM: To examine genetic variation of nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1 ) and NOD2 ,their respective influences on Crohn's disease phenotype and gene-gene interactions. METHODS: (ND1+326561 ) NOD1 polymorphism and SNP8,SNP12 and SNP13 of NOD2 were analyzed in 97 patients and 50 controls. NOD2 variants were determined by reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. NOD1 genotyping and NOD2 variant confirmation were performed by specific amplification and sequencing. RESULTS: The distribution of NOD1 polymorphism in patients was different from controls (P = 0.045) and not altered by existence of NOD2 mutations. In this cohort,30.92% patients and 6% controls carried at least one NOD2 variant (P < 0.001) with R702W being the most frequent variant. Presence of at least one NOD2 mutation was inversely associated with colon involvement (9.09% with colon vs 36.4% with ileal or ileocolonic involvement,P = 0.04) and indicative of risk of penetrating disease (52.63% with penetrating vs 25.64% with non-penetrating or stricturing behavior,P = 0.02). L1007finsC and double NOD2 mutation conferred the highest risk for severity of disease (26.3% with penetrating disease vs 3.8% with non-penetrating or stricturing behavior presented L1007finsC,P = 0.01 and 21.0% with penetrating disease vs 2.5% with non-penentrating or stricturing behavior carried double NOD2 mutation,P = 0.007). Exclusion of patients with NOD2 mutations from phenotype/NOD1 -genotype analysis revealed higher prevalence of 11 genotype in groups of younger age at onset and colonic location. CONCLUSION: This study suggests population differences in the inheritance of risk NOD1 polymorphism and NOD2 mutations. Although no interaction between NOD1 -NOD2 was noticed,a relationship between disease location and Nod-like receptor molecules was established.

Mutual regulation between microRNA-373 and methyl-CpGbinding domain protein 2 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma

AIM:To investigate the reciprocal modulation between microRNA(miRNA) and DNA methylation via exploring the correlation between miR-373 and methyl-CpGbinding domain protein(MBD)2.METHODS:MiR-373 expression was examined using the TaqMan miRNA assay.Methylation of miR-373 was investigated using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction,and recruitment of methyl binding proteins was studied using the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.Mutation analysis was conducted using the QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit.The activity of miR-373 gene promoter constructs and targeting at MBD2-three prime untranslated region(3'UTR) by miR-373 were evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.RESULTS:In hilar cholangiocarcinoma,miR-373 decreased and was closely associated with poor cell differentiation,advanced clinical stage,and shorter survival.The promoter-associated CpG island of miR-373 gene was hypermethylated and inhibited expression of miR-373.MBD2 was up-regulated and enriched at the promoter-associated CpG island of miR-373.Methylation-mediated suppression of miR-373 required MBD2 enrichment at the promoter-associated CpG island,and miR-373 negatively regulated MBD2 expression through targeting the 3'UTR.CONCLUSION:MiR-373 behaves as a direct transcriptional target and negative regulator of MBD2 activity through a feedback loop of CpG island methylation.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 and Helicobacter pylori infection: A review

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1(NOD1) is an intracellular innate immune sensor for small molecules derived from bacterial cell components. NOD1 activation by its ligands leads to robust production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by innate immune cells, thereby mediating mucosal host defense systems against microbes. Chronic gastric infection due to Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) causes various upper gastrointestinal diseases, including atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. It is now generally accepted that detection of H. pylori by NOD1 expressed in gastric epithelial cells plays an indispensable role in mucosal host defense systems against this organism. Recent studies have revealed the molecular mechanism by which NOD1 activation caused by H. pylori infection is involved in the development of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. In this review, we have discussed and summarized how sensing of H. pylori by NOD1 mediates the prevention of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.

Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-1 Ligand Induces Inflammation and Attenuates Glucose Uptake in Human Adipocytes

Objective To investigate the effects of stimulant for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) on secretion of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines and insulin-dependent glucose uptake in human differentiated adipocytes. Methods Adipose tissues were obtained from patients undergoing liposuction. Stromal vascular cells were extracted and differentiated into adipocytes. A specific ligand for NOD1, was administered to human adipocytes in culture. Nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity and proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production were determined by reporter plasmid assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[ 3 H] glucose uptake assay. Furthermore, chemokine/cytokine secretion and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOD1

Saturated Fatty Acid Induces Insulin Resistance Partially Through Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain 1 Signaling Pathway in Adipocytes

Objective To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1(NOD1),a component of the innate immune system,in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes.Methods Adipocytes from Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency mice were used for stimulation experiments.The effect of oleate/palmitate mixture on nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)activation was analyzed by reporter plasmid assay.The release of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production was determined by using real-time PCR.Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake assay.Chemokine/cytokine expression and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA(siRNA)targeting NOD1 upon fatty acids treatment were analyzed.Results Oleate/palmitate mixture activated the NF-κB pathway and induced interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions in adipocytes from mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4,and these effects were blocked by siRNA targeting NOD1.Furthermore,saturated fatty acids decreased the ability of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.Importantly,siRNA targeting NOD1 partially reversed saturated fatty acid-induced suppression of insulin-induced glucose uptake.Conclusion NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes,suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.

Brain regional changes of guanine nucleotide binding protein-inhabitant 2 in acute and chronic morphine-tolerant and-dependent rats

BACKGROUND： Drug addiction involves two main central nervous systems, namely the dopamine and noradrenaline systems. These systems are primarily distributed in five brain regions： the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus accumbens, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the locus coeruleus. OBJECTIVE： To investigate regional changes of guanine nucleotide binding protein-inhabitant 2 （Gi2） in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in brains of morphine-tolerant and -dependent rats. DESIGN, TIME, AND SETTING： A randomized control study was performed at the Department of Neurobiology in the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA （Shanghai, China） between September 2002 and March 2004. MATERIALS： Thirty-six, healthy, male, Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were used to establish morphine-dependent models. Morphine hydrochloride was a product of Shenyang First Pharmaceutical Factory （China）; naloxone hydrochloride was a product of Beijing Four-Ring Pharmaceutical Factory （China）; and α subunit of Gi2 antibody was offered by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, lnc （USA）. METHODS： Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into six groups （n = 6）： （1） acute morphine-dependent group, （2） acute abstinent group, （3） acute control group, （4） chronic morphine-dependent group, （5） chronic abstinent group, and （6） chronic control group. Rats in the acute morphine-dependent and the acute groups were injected with morphine （5 mg/kg）, one injection every two hours, for a total of eight injections. In the acute and chronic morphine-dependent rat models, morphine withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by an injection of naloxone （5 mg/kg）. Rats in the acute control group were given a peritoneal injection of physiological saline at the same administration time as the above two groups. Rats in the chronic morphine-dependent and chronic abstinent groups were injected with morphine three times per day. The administration dose on day 1 was initially 5 mg/kg at 20：00, which increased by 5 mg/kg at 8：00, 12：00, and 20：00 until day 7. On day 13, the dose continuously increased by 10 mg/kg until a chronic morphine-dependent rat model was successfully induced. Afterwards, the rats presented with withdrawal syndromes on naloxone （5 mg/kg） at 8：00 on the same day. Rats in the chronic control group were injected with physiological saline at the same time of the two chronic groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The concentration of Gi2 protein in the five brain regions （ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, locus coeruleus, and hippocampus） was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： In the acute morphine-dependent and acute abstinent groups, Gi2 protein concentration was significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens, compared to the acute control group （P 〈 0.01）, while no obvious changes were detected in other brain regions. In the chronic morphine-dependent and chronic abstinent groups, Gi2 protein concentration was significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens, but significantly increased in the locus coeruleus （P 〈 0.01 ） compared to the chronic control group. CONCLUSION： Morphine dependence and tolerance may induce obvious reductions of Gi2 protein levels in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Chronic morphine dependence desensitizes the homologous neurons.

基于NOD2介导的AMPK/mTOR信号通路探讨宫颈癌细胞恶性行为的机制

目的 基于核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域受体2(NOD2)介导的AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路探讨宫颈癌(CC)细胞恶性行为的机制。方法 生物信息学分析确定NOD2在CC组织中的表达。将靶向NOD2(shNOD2)、shRNAs阴性对照(shNC)以及NOD2过表达(NOD2)质粒和载体(Vec)转染CC细胞。通过CCK-8测定、集落形成和Transwell细胞侵袭测定来确定NOD2对CC细胞生长的影响。通过高通量RNA测序(RNA-Seq)进行转录组分析。Western blot试验检测细胞系中NOD2、AMPK/mTOR信号通路和自噬蛋白的表达。24只雌性BALB/c裸鼠随机分为4组,每组6只:载体组(Vec组)、NOD2过表达组(NOD2组)、shNC组和shNOD2组。构建小鼠远处转移模型,监测肺转移的荧光强度,计数肺转移结节的数量。结果 在线数据库分析显示,NOD2在CC组织中表达明显高于正常组织,并且不同分期的CC中NOD2的mRNA表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,NOD2的高表达与较差的总生存期和无病生存期相关(P<0.05)。NOD2过表达对CC细胞增殖、集落形成、迁移和侵袭具有促进作用,而NOD2敲低则相反。与体外结果一致,在转移的小鼠尾静脉注射模型中,NOD2组CC细胞的肺定殖、肺转移灶较Vec组增加(P<0.05),而shNOD2组CC细胞的肺定殖、肺转移灶较shNC组减少(P<0.05)。RNA-Seq结果显示NOD2表达与AMPK信号激活、mTOR信号抑制、自噬调节途径激活和自噬体形成显著相关。与shNC组相比,shNOD2组磷酸化AMPK、LC3蛋白表达水平减少(P<0.05),磷酸化mTOR、p62蛋白表达水平增加(P<0.05);与Vec组相比,NOD2组LC3、AMPK蛋白表达水平增加(P<0.05),磷酸化mTOR、p62蛋白表达水平减少(P<0.05)。与shNC组相比,shNOD2组GFP-mRFP-LC3的点积累减少(P<0.05);与Vec组相比,GFP-mRFP-LC3的点积累增加(P<0.05)。结论 NOD2可能通过AMPK/mTOR信号促进CC增殖、迁移和侵袭,其作用机制部分涉及自噬激活。

甲基化SIM2、GNA12、CTGF在子痫前期孕妇中表达水平及其对疾病的预测价值

目的 探究子痫前期孕妇血浆中甲基化DNA的表达水平及对子痫前期发生的预测价值。方法 纳入2022年1-12月在该院确诊的82例子痫前期孕妇作为观察组,另外纳入82例健康孕妇作为对照组。提取患者游离总DNA,经过DNA亚硫酸氢盐修饰后通过实时荧光定量PCR反应(qRT-PCR)检测患者血浆中甲基化单意同源物2(SIM2)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)及鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(GNA12)基因的相对表达水平,并采用相关性分析及受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对各甲基化DNA预测子痫前期发生的价值进行评估。结果 观察组血浆甲基化SIM2、GNA12、CTGF相对表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),且重度子痫前期孕妇各甲基化DNA相对表达水平更高(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,血浆甲基化SIM2、GNA12、CTGF相对表达水平与孕妇发生子痫前期均呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果表明,血浆甲基化SIM2、GNA12、CTGF相对表达水平单独及联合检测对预测孕妇子痫前期的效能均较好,且三者联合检测的预测效能最高(曲线下面积为0.888,95%CI:0.827~0.949)。结论 相较于健康孕妇,子痫前期孕妇血浆中甲基化SIM2、GNA12、CTGF相对表达水平均较高,且其与孕妇子痫前期的发生率呈正相关,血浆甲基化SIM2、GNA12及CTGF相对表达水平有望成为判断子痫前期是否发生的重要指标。

天香丹抑制P2X7/NLRP3表达改善动脉粥样硬化的作用机制研究

目的:探讨天香丹对动脉粥样硬化小鼠嘌呤能配体门控离子通道7(P2X7)、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)的影响。方法:选取8周龄无特定病原体(SPF)级雄性载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠30只,予以高脂饲料喂养12周,造模成功后随机分为模型组、阿托伐他汀组、天香丹组,每组10只;另选取C57BL/6J小鼠10只予普通饲料喂养,设为空白对照组。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-18、IL-1β、腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(ATP)的水平;免疫组化检测组织中P2X7、NLRP3的表达。结果:ELISA结果显示:与空白对照组相比,模型组IL-18、IL-1β、ATP水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,阿托伐他汀组、天香丹组IL-18、IL-1β、ATP水平降低(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示:与空白对照组相比,模型组P2X7、NLRP3表达均明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,阿托伐他汀组、天香丹组P2X7、NLRP3表达均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:天香丹改善动脉粥样硬化与调节钾稳态抑制炎症小体的激活有关。

CA72-4对单核细胞IL-1β和痛风急性发作的调控作用

目的:探究糖类抗原(carbohydrate antigen 72-4,CA72-4)对单核细胞白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和痛风急性发作的调控作用。方法:收集淄博市中心医院痛风专病门诊收治的急性痛风患者外周血浆,分析CA72-4含量,获取CA72-4≥50 U/mL的患者血浆,随机分为no-CA72-4组(n=37)和CA72-4组(n=38),no-CA72-4组采用DynaMag磁架去除血浆中的CA72-4,CA72-4组不做处理,将处理前后的血浆分别诱导THP1细胞,收集诱导后THP1细胞培养液和细胞,采用酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测THP1细胞和培养液中IL-1β表达水平;将小鼠背部皮下注射灭菌过滤空气,造成皮下气囊,随后将尿酸盐(monosodium urate,MSU)结晶注入气囊,构建痛风性滑膜炎模型,将模型小鼠分成试验组(n=10)和对照组(n=10),试验组腹腔注射1.5×10^(10)PFU/mL腺病毒(adenovirus,Ad)-CA72-4,对照组注射照腺病毒Ad-ctr,收集小鼠血浆和滑膜液,采用CA72-4检测试剂盒检测小鼠血浆和滑膜液中CA72-4含量;采用ELISA法检测小鼠血浆中IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达水平,实时定量荧光聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测各组小鼠血浆IL-1β、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体基因和蛋白表达水平。结果:与CA72-4组相比,no-CA72-4组THP1细胞和培养液中IL-1β明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);与对照组相比,试验组小鼠血浆和滑膜液中CA72-4表达水平显著高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);与对照组相比,试验组小鼠血浆中IL-1β和TNF-α表达均显著高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);与对照组相比,试验组小鼠血浆中IL-1β、NALP3基因和蛋白表达均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:CA72-4能增强单核细胞炎症因子分泌,加重痛风炎症反应,其具体的作用机制需进一步研究。

基于毕赤酵母制备的SARS-CoV2RBD-重组蛋白疫苗的免疫方案优化及不同佐剂对中和抗体滴度的影响

目的对基于毕赤酵母制备的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)RBD重组蛋白疫苗的免疫方案进行优化并考察不同佐剂对中和抗体(NAb)滴度的影响,为SARS-CoV-2疫苗的持续优化研究提供参考。方法将RBD基因片段亚克隆至pPICZαA质粒,质粒经线性化转化后整合到毕赤酵母基因组中进行重组表达,将获得的重组蛋白疫苗联合不同的佐剂对小鼠进行免疫以评估其免疫原性。结果目标蛋白wtRBD和Delta RBD均能通过毕赤酵母系统获得满意过表达;与42 d间隔时间相比,28 d间隔时间的IgG抗体滴度增加了1.8倍(44923 vs.80507);间隔28 d的3剂免疫后,针对Delta变体的NAb几何平均滴度比间隔42 d高2.5倍(2191 vs.891);Delta RBD重组蛋白疫苗联合铝佐剂免疫后,针对Delta变体的NAb几何平均滴度达到了32255(2167~88084);在采用5μg或30μg Delta RBD免疫情况下,铝佐剂+CpG佐剂组的NAb滴度均为单独采用铝佐剂组的10倍左右;第3次免疫后,5μg抗原组与30μg抗原组中Delta RBD特异性IgG滴度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于毕赤酵母制备的wtRBD或Delta RBD都可以用作有效的抗原,间隔28 d的3剂疫苗给药最有效,Delta RBD重组蛋白与铝佐剂+CpG佐剂的联合免疫能够获得更高滴度的NAb以对SARS-CoV-2及其变体发挥免疫作用,可为SARS-CoV-2疫苗的持续优化研究提供一定参考。

胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架制备及其成软骨诱导

背景:天然骨形态发生蛋白2在体内弥散和降解速度较快,降低了局部浓度和治疗效果,单纯将骨形态发生蛋白2与组织工程支架复合后不能在体内长期停留,无法达到良好的缓控释效果。目的:制备并检测胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架的生物性能及成软骨诱导效果。方法:提取SD大鼠鼠尾胶原,采用真空冷冻干燥及化学交联法制备胶原软骨支架。通过快速克隆C112-同源重组法构建表达胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2质粒,通过基因工程构建并导入大肠杆菌,分离纯化胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2。将天然骨形态发生蛋白2与胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2分别与胶原软骨支架结合,检测支架中骨形态发生蛋白2释放水平,采用CCK-8法及F-Actin染色法检测胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架的生物相容性;将骨髓间充质干细胞分别种植在两种胶原软骨支架上进行成软骨诱导,检测其成软骨诱导活性。结果与结论:①胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2与胶原软骨支架的结合率高于天然骨形态发生蛋白2(P<0.05);体外浸泡于PBS中7 d,胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架中骨形态发生蛋白2的释放量小于天然骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架(P<0.05);CCK-8实验及F-Actin染色结果显示,胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架无明显细胞毒性,具有良好的生物相容性;②成软骨诱导14 d后的ELISA检测显示,胶原结合域-骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架组聚集蛋白聚糖、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白A1的表达均高于天然骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架组(P<0.05);扫描电镜下可见,两组支架孔隙内壁上均可见较多骨髓间充质干细胞贴附生长,细胞形态及大小一致,排列紧密,未出现细胞碎裂或形态异常;③结果表明,胶原结构域-骨形态发生蛋白2-胶原软骨支架具有良好的生物性能及成软骨诱导活性。

敲低NOD2通过调控(p)NF-κB/STAT3改善肝细胞癌细胞炎症反应

目的 探讨核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白2(NOD2)对肝细胞癌(HCC)细胞炎症反应的影响和机制。方法 培养HCC细胞。Western blot检测NOD2在HCC细胞和正常肝细胞中的表达水平。利用小干扰RNA(siRNA)建立NOD2的敲低RNA(siNOD2组)用来抑制NOD2的表达,阴性对照为siNC组,使用这二者处理HCC细胞。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。Western blot检测NF-κB P65、STAT3、NOD2的表达,并检测磷酸化的(p-)NF-κB P65以及磷酸化的(p-)STAT3的表达水平。ELISA法测定培养HCC细胞培养物上清液中TNF-α、IL-12、IL-6、IFN-γ质量浓度的变化。在siNOD2处理HCC细胞的基础上,用NF-κB/STAT3的激活剂重组人Lipocalin-2(rhLipocalin-2)蛋白进行处理(siNOD2+rhLipocalin-2组),检测细胞增殖率、凋亡率和炎症因子水平。结果 与正常肝细胞相比,HCC细胞中NOD2的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。与siNC组相比,siNOD2组的NOD2、p-NF-κB P65及p-STAT3的表达水平均显著下调、细胞增殖率降低,细胞凋亡率增高,且细胞培养物上清液中TNF-α、IL-12、IL-6、IFN-γ水平均下调(均P<0.05)。而与siNOD2组相比,siNOD2+rhLipocalin-2组的p-NF-κB P65及p-STAT3的表达水平均显著上调,细胞增殖率增高,细胞凋亡率降低,且细胞培养物上清液中TNF-α、IL-12、IL-6、IFN-γ水平均上调(均P<0.05)。结论 敲低NOD2通过调控NF-κB/STAT3通路抑制HCC细胞的炎症反应,该结果为HCC治疗提供了一个新的潜在靶点。

莱菔硫烷对糖尿病视网膜病变Nrf2通路和NLRP3炎性小体的影响

目的:探讨莱菔硫烷对糖尿病视网膜病变Nrf2通路和NLRP3炎性小体的影响。方法:将SD大鼠分为空白对照组(blank control group,BC组)、模型组(model group,M组)、阳性对照组(positive contorl group,PC组)、SFN低剂量组(SFN low dose group,SLD组)和SFN高剂量组(SFN high dose group,SHD组)。M组、PC组、SLD组和SHD组采用高脂饲料联合STZ法造模,造模成功后,SLD组给予SFN 25mg/kg腹腔注射,SHD组给予SFN 50mg/kg腹腔注射,PC组给予羟苯磺酸钙溶液1.0/kg腹腔灌注,BC组和M组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射,连续干预6周。观察大鼠视网膜组织形态、炎性因子和氧化还原指标水平、Nrf2-2、HO-1mRNA水平和蛋白表达水平。结果:M组大鼠视网膜细胞排列疏松,内外核层抛离紊乱,细胞水肿明显;PC组、SLD和SHD组视网膜结构较M组清晰,细胞水肿明显减少;SHD组改善较PC组和SLD组更为明显。M组MDA、IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白、ASC蛋白、caspase-1蛋白、TXNIP蛋白水平显著高于BC组(P<0.05),SOD、Nrf2mRNA、HO-1mRNA、Nrf2蛋白、HO-1蛋白水平低于BC组(P<0.05);PC组和SLD组MDA、IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白、ASC蛋白、caspase-1蛋白、TXNIP蛋白水平低于M组(P<0.05),SOD、Nrf2mRNA、HO-1mRNA、Nrf2蛋白、HO-1蛋白水平高于M组(P<0.05);SHD组MDA、IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白、ASC蛋白、caspase-1蛋白、TXNIP蛋白水平低于M组、PC组和SLD组(P<0.05),SOD、Nrf2mRNA、HO-1mRNA、Nrf2蛋白、HO-1蛋白水平高于M组、PC组和SLD组(P<0.05)。结论:SFN可能通过激活Nrf2信号通路,降低氧化应激和TXNIP水平,从而降低NLRP3信号通路的激活,从而对DR产生保护作用。

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of URAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) on Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hyperuricemia

Background: More and more chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are accompanied with hyperuricaemia. As is known, hyperuricaemia is an independent hazard of both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney diseases. We aim at identifying Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) difference of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) on CKD patient with hyperuricemia and/or gout. Methods: All forty-two CKD patients were divided into two groups: hyperuricemia, and control group. 24 hours urine sample and serum were prepared for testing biochemistry parameters. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method is used to analyze hURAT1 and ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in different groups. Results: 17 patients have CT SNP of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and 13 patients have CT SNP of ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 5 persons and 6 persons have the same mutations in control group respectively. 7 patients have CT SNP of both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 2 persons have the same mutations in control group. CT mutation rates of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 60.7% (17/28) and 50% (13/28) respectively, higher than that of control group (35.7% (5/14) and 42.8% (6/14)). What is more, Double SNP mutations in both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 25% (7/28), higher than that of control group (14.2%, 2/14). Conclusion: There are higher mutation rates of CT SNP in hURAT1 (rs7932775) and/or ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group. We can conclude that hyperuricemia is a high risk factor in progress of CKD, which is necessary to take measures of decreasing serum uric acid to delay CKD progress.

lncRNA MALAT1调节miR-22-3p/NLRP3轴对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤的影响

目的探究长链非编码RNA MALAT1通过miR-22-3p/NLRP3信号轴促进脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)的分子机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、ALI组、sh-NC组、sh-MALAT1组,每组9只。通过气管内灌注LPS法建立ALI大鼠模型,假手术组气管内灌注等量的PBS作为阴性对照,sh-NC组、sh-MALAT1组在LPS诱导前48 h,通过静脉分别注射2×10^(7) TU/mL的sh-NC慢病毒或相同剂量的sh-MALAT1慢病毒。通过HE染色法观察肺组织的组织病理学改变;通过TUNEL染色法观察肺组织的细胞凋亡情况。通过双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证MALAT1与miR-22-3p、NLRP3与miR-22-3p的调控关系;通过实时荧光定量PCR技术和免疫印记技术检测肺组织和细胞中MALAT1、miR-22-3p、NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1的表达水平;通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测支气管肺泡灌洗液和细胞培养基中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的分泌情况;通过CCK-8技术检测A549细胞增殖情况;通过流式细胞术检测A549细胞凋亡情况。结果与假手术组相比,LPS诱导的ALI大鼠肺组织和A549细胞中MALAT1、NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1的mRNA水平显著升高,miR-22-3p水平显著降低(P<0.05)。此外,与假手术组相比,LPS诱导的ALI大鼠肺组织的组织病理损伤水平、炎症反应和细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.05)。与ALI组、sh-NC组相比,抑制MALAT1表达可改善LPS诱导的ALI大鼠肺组织和细胞中的炎症反应和细胞凋亡(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶实验结果显示,MALAT1与miR-22-3p、NLRP3与miR-22-3p存在相互调控关系。与ALI组、sh-NC组相比,sh-MALAT1组肺组织中MALAT1、NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1 mRNA水平降低(P<0.05),miR-22-3p水平升高(P<0.05)。同时,BALF上清液中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05)。此外,下调MALAT1的同时抑制miR-22-3p表达后,细胞中miR-22-3p和Bcl-2表达水平显著降低,细胞增殖水平亦显著降低(P<0.05)。结论降低MALAT1的表达可通过促进miR-22-3p的表达,从而抑制NLRP3的蛋白水平,并最终抑制LPS诱导的ALI模型中的炎症反应和细胞凋亡。

冠心病PCI术后患者血液FIB,NLRP3和LECT-2水平表达与冠状动脉微血管疾病发生的相关性研究

目的 探究冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后患者血液纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein3,NLRP3)和白细胞衍生趋化因子2(leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2,LECT-2)与冠状动脉微血管疾病(coronary microvascular disease,CMVD)发生的相关性。方法 收集2021年7月~2022年9月冠心病PCI术后仍有心肌缺血相关症状就诊于陕西省人民医院心内科的患者,冠状动脉造影或冠脉CT血管成像检查提示心外膜冠脉狭窄直径<50%,根据单电子发射计算机断层成像(single-photon emission computer tomography,SPECT)检查测定冠状动脉血流储备(coronary flow reserve,CFR),分为CMVD组(CFR<2.0,n=78)和对照组(CFR≥2.0,n=47)。检测血液FIB,血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet to lymphocyte ratio, PLR),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),NLRP3和LECT-2水平,分析其与冠心病PCI术后CMVD发生的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,评价血液FIB,PLR,HbA1c,NLRP3和LECT-2对冠心病PCI术后CMVD发生的预测价值。结果 与对照组比较,CMVD组血液FIB(3.31±1.09g/L vs 2.83±0.77g/L),PLR[742.69(515.82,968.25) vs 642.23(482.28,767.54)],HbA1c[6.20%(5.70%,7.50%) vs 5.80%(5.50%,6.50%)],NLRP3[343.29(217.20,504.90)pg/ml vs 245.02(170.00,328.60)pg/ml]和LECT-2[23.24(14.92,27.24)ng/ml vs 17.85(10.30,26.41)ng/ml]表达水平均升高,差异有统计学意义(t=1.103,Z=-2.172,-2.213,-3.239,-2.592,均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,血液FIB[OR(95%CI):4.213(1.481~11.981)]和NLRP3[OR(95%):1.004(1.000~1.007)]是冠心病PCI术后CMVD发生的独立危险因素(Waldχ^(2)=7.274,4.061,均P<0.05)。血液FIB和NLRP3对冠心病PCI术后CMVD发生的预测价值的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.648和0.679,二者联合诊断曲线下面积为0.712。结论 冠心病PCI术后患者血液FIB和NLRP3表达水平升高,与CMVD发生密切相关。血液FIB和NLRP3可作为冠心病PCI术后CMVD发生的预测生物标志物。