The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food products.The impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumer...The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food products.The impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect sizes.In the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food items.Participants were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary lives.We found a substantial(Cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(Cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy content.Energy content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy content.The results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food choices.It remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.展开更多
The transformation of Chengdu Tianfu New Area,a state-level new district,from the first site of constructing the“Park City”to the representative of the“Park City”,contains a unique path of“Chinese Style Governanc...The transformation of Chengdu Tianfu New Area,a state-level new district,from the first site of constructing the“Park City”to the representative of the“Park City”,contains a unique path of“Chinese Style Governance”.To expand the diverse paths of constructing megacities,the current research references the nudge theory of behavioral science,adopts the extended case method,and takes Chengdu Tianfu New Area as a typical case to summarize the“nudge”path of“Party City”construction.The study found that the government achieves the lock-in effect by the priming mechanism and uses the nudge strategy of improving environment and guiding public opinion,thereby helping the people make free choices.It realizes the framework effect by the salience mechanism and uses the strategies of highlighting key information and optimizing information delivery methods,which directly affects the behavior of the public.It achieves the commitment effect by the comparison mechanism,including the horizontal comparison and vertical comparison strategies,and gradually realizes the policy goals.It realizes the social norm effect by the imitation mechanism and uses the strategies of creating peer pressure and playing celebrity effect,which in turn influence people’s choices.With the help of the“nudging”mechanism,the construction of the park city has realized the interactive cycle of“government output-citizen feedback”and achieved the goal of“making great change through small actions”.As a new behavioral intervention tool,“nudging”provides an alternative explanation for the construction of the park city in Tianfu New Area and opens up new ideas for the construction of megacities.This study concludes that the construction of megacities can achieve the goal of“common return”through different ways and provides practical inspiration for future urban construction.展开更多
利用WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式及其自带的Nudging同化系统,结合通过质量控制的三峡地区2 588个自动站的2014年1月观测资料,进行同化自动站观测试验,建立了三峡地区3 km高分辨率气温场,并与加入NCEP稀疏观测站点的稀疏场试验...利用WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式及其自带的Nudging同化系统,结合通过质量控制的三峡地区2 588个自动站的2014年1月观测资料,进行同化自动站观测试验,建立了三峡地区3 km高分辨率气温场,并与加入NCEP稀疏观测站点的稀疏场试验和未同化试验在月平均温度场和逐时温度变化两个方面进行了综合对比分析。结果表明:与未同化试验相比,同化自动站观测后,大部分地区平均气温场偏差减小至±0.5℃以内;平原、丘陵、山区气温逐时绝对偏差均减小至1℃以内,逐时气温的相关系数超过0.9,偏差范围减小1.14℃以上,均方根误差减幅达0.55℃以上;同化自动站观测后,泰勒图中平原和丘陵的相对标准差接近于1,山区减小至1.11。同化自动站观测试验的结果优于同化稀疏场试验,较好地建立了三峡地区2014年1月气温场,为该地区建立高分辨率温度场提供了有效参考。展开更多
If you don’t use it,you lose it.School breaks,during which students do not regularly participate in instruction,can therefore have negative consequences on learning.This is especially true for mathematics learning si...If you don’t use it,you lose it.School breaks,during which students do not regularly participate in instruction,can therefore have negative consequences on learning.This is especially true for mathematics learning since skills build progressively on earlier materials.How can we bridge these gaps in formal instruction?The Keeping in School Shape(KisSS)program is a mobile,engaging,innovative,and cost-effective way of using technology to help students who have time off between related math courses stay fresh on prerequisite knowledge and skills.Founded on learning theory and designed on a model of behavioral change,the KiSS program embodies retrieval practice and nudges by sending students a daily multiple-choice review problem via text messaging over school break.After rating their confidence in solving the daily problem students receive feedback and a solution.This study explores measures of participation,accuracy,and confidence in an implementation of the KiSS program over winter break between two sequential introductory engineering courses at a large state university in the Southwest United States.Results indicate that careful attention should be paid to the construction of the first few days of the program,and that encouragement,problem difficulty may improve participation.展开更多
基于前后张驰逼近(Back and Forth Nudging,简称BFN)和集合卡尔曼滤波(En KF)方法,构建了一种新的同化方法 HBFNEn KF(Hybrid Back and Forth Nudging En KF)混合同化方法,并将此同化系统分别与通道浅水模式(shallow water model)和全...基于前后张驰逼近(Back and Forth Nudging,简称BFN)和集合卡尔曼滤波(En KF)方法,构建了一种新的同化方法 HBFNEn KF(Hybrid Back and Forth Nudging En KF)混合同化方法,并将此同化系统分别与通道浅水模式(shallow water model)和全球浅水模式对接,检验了HBFNEn KF同化方法的有效性。同时,对比了集合均方根滤波(En SRF)、HNEn KF(Hybrid Nudging En KF)、HBFNEn KF三种方法在有误差模式中的同化效果。试验结果表明:HBFNEn KF同化方法保留了HNEn KF方法的同化连续性,解决了En KF同化不连续不平滑的问题,同时还有着更快的收敛速度;当采用单变量分析试验时,HBFNEn KF方法的优势最为明显,表明HBFNEn KF能够较好地保持不同模式变量间的平衡。此外,增量场尺度分析结果表明:相比En SRF,HBFNEn KF在大尺度范围有更好的同化效果,同时能够避免在中小尺度范围内出现大量的虚假增量。展开更多
文摘The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food products.The impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect sizes.In the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food items.Participants were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary lives.We found a substantial(Cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(Cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy content.Energy content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy content.The results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food choices.It remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.
基金supported by General Project of National Social Science Fund[Grant number.22BZZ077],Study on Efficiency Improvement Mechanism of Rural Relative Poverty Governance Driven by Big Data.
文摘The transformation of Chengdu Tianfu New Area,a state-level new district,from the first site of constructing the“Park City”to the representative of the“Park City”,contains a unique path of“Chinese Style Governance”.To expand the diverse paths of constructing megacities,the current research references the nudge theory of behavioral science,adopts the extended case method,and takes Chengdu Tianfu New Area as a typical case to summarize the“nudge”path of“Party City”construction.The study found that the government achieves the lock-in effect by the priming mechanism and uses the nudge strategy of improving environment and guiding public opinion,thereby helping the people make free choices.It realizes the framework effect by the salience mechanism and uses the strategies of highlighting key information and optimizing information delivery methods,which directly affects the behavior of the public.It achieves the commitment effect by the comparison mechanism,including the horizontal comparison and vertical comparison strategies,and gradually realizes the policy goals.It realizes the social norm effect by the imitation mechanism and uses the strategies of creating peer pressure and playing celebrity effect,which in turn influence people’s choices.With the help of the“nudging”mechanism,the construction of the park city has realized the interactive cycle of“government output-citizen feedback”and achieved the goal of“making great change through small actions”.As a new behavioral intervention tool,“nudging”provides an alternative explanation for the construction of the park city in Tianfu New Area and opens up new ideas for the construction of megacities.This study concludes that the construction of megacities can achieve the goal of“common return”through different ways and provides practical inspiration for future urban construction.
文摘利用WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式及其自带的Nudging同化系统,结合通过质量控制的三峡地区2 588个自动站的2014年1月观测资料,进行同化自动站观测试验,建立了三峡地区3 km高分辨率气温场,并与加入NCEP稀疏观测站点的稀疏场试验和未同化试验在月平均温度场和逐时温度变化两个方面进行了综合对比分析。结果表明:与未同化试验相比,同化自动站观测后,大部分地区平均气温场偏差减小至±0.5℃以内;平原、丘陵、山区气温逐时绝对偏差均减小至1℃以内,逐时气温的相关系数超过0.9,偏差范围减小1.14℃以上,均方根误差减幅达0.55℃以上;同化自动站观测后,泰勒图中平原和丘陵的相对标准差接近于1,山区减小至1.11。同化自动站观测试验的结果优于同化稀疏场试验,较好地建立了三峡地区2014年1月气温场,为该地区建立高分辨率温度场提供了有效参考。
文摘If you don’t use it,you lose it.School breaks,during which students do not regularly participate in instruction,can therefore have negative consequences on learning.This is especially true for mathematics learning since skills build progressively on earlier materials.How can we bridge these gaps in formal instruction?The Keeping in School Shape(KisSS)program is a mobile,engaging,innovative,and cost-effective way of using technology to help students who have time off between related math courses stay fresh on prerequisite knowledge and skills.Founded on learning theory and designed on a model of behavioral change,the KiSS program embodies retrieval practice and nudges by sending students a daily multiple-choice review problem via text messaging over school break.After rating their confidence in solving the daily problem students receive feedback and a solution.This study explores measures of participation,accuracy,and confidence in an implementation of the KiSS program over winter break between two sequential introductory engineering courses at a large state university in the Southwest United States.Results indicate that careful attention should be paid to the construction of the first few days of the program,and that encouragement,problem difficulty may improve participation.
文摘基于前后张驰逼近(Back and Forth Nudging,简称BFN)和集合卡尔曼滤波(En KF)方法,构建了一种新的同化方法 HBFNEn KF(Hybrid Back and Forth Nudging En KF)混合同化方法,并将此同化系统分别与通道浅水模式(shallow water model)和全球浅水模式对接,检验了HBFNEn KF同化方法的有效性。同时,对比了集合均方根滤波(En SRF)、HNEn KF(Hybrid Nudging En KF)、HBFNEn KF三种方法在有误差模式中的同化效果。试验结果表明:HBFNEn KF同化方法保留了HNEn KF方法的同化连续性,解决了En KF同化不连续不平滑的问题,同时还有着更快的收敛速度;当采用单变量分析试验时,HBFNEn KF方法的优势最为明显,表明HBFNEn KF能够较好地保持不同模式变量间的平衡。此外,增量场尺度分析结果表明:相比En SRF,HBFNEn KF在大尺度范围有更好的同化效果,同时能够避免在中小尺度范围内出现大量的虚假增量。