Types and Ore-forming Conditions of Gold Deposits in the Jinsha River-Lancang River-Nujiang River Area

The Jinsha River-Lancang River-Nujiang River area is one of the important prospect areas for noble metal and nonferous metal deposits of China. Of a great variety of gold deposits present in this area, the following types seem to be economically most valuable and promising: tectonic alteration type in ophiolitic melange; polymetallic quartz vein type related to intermediate-acid intrusions; finely disseminated type in fracture zones; mixed hydrothermal type in tectonic fractures of carbonate rocks; hydrothermal type related to subvolcanic rocks; volcanic-hot spring type; submarine volcano exhalation-sedimentary-hydrothermal reformation type. Metallogenic epochs are exclusively Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and ore deposits and orebodies are controlled by linear structures. Magmatic activity has affected gold mineralization in varying degrees, and gold deposits are basically of mesothermal-epithermal type with ubiquitous and intense alterations. Ore-forming materials and hydrothermal solutions show multi-source character.

Relationship between ethnic landscape and environment in the Nujiang River basin of Yunnan Province, China

Each nationality has formed unique ethnic culture in the long history. Ethnic culture is spatially reflected byethnic distribution. The distribution of nationalities is influenced by ethnic history, culture, society and religion, alsoaffected by regional physical setting. This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic distribution pattern and naturalsetting with contrast analytical method. The digital elevation model (DEM) is established on basis of contour map on ascale of 1:250,000 in the Nujiang River basin, Yunnan Province by ArcGIS, a Geographic Information System (GIS)software. Based on DEM, the spatial analysis and statistical function of GIS, the landscape patterns of populationdistribution of the selected minorities is described, and 4 sub-regions are divided in the Nujiang River basin of YunnanProvince while the features and disparity of landscape pattern and its forming mechanism are discussed, along withhistorical and archaeological data. The conclusions are as follow: (1) The ethnic distribution is mosaic in the matrix ofother racial distribution, and have a distinct spatial correlation. (2) For the difference in cultivation between differentnationalities, certain nationality lived in the area suitable for production mode of its own and coincident with appropriategeographical setting. (3) The spatial distribution of settlement spots of the minorities is controlled by the convenience ofwater supply. The landscape pattern of ethnic distribution is closely relative to natural environment.

Hydrochemistry and carbon isotope characteristics of Nujiang River water:Implications for CO_(2) budgets of rock weathering in the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most complicated geographical units worldwide in terms of its tectonic and environmental background.Although a hotspot for continental weathering and carbon cycling studies,accurate determination of the weathering carbon budget is challenging in this area,especially sink and source flux quantification and the controlling mechanisms.Compared with other major rivers on the plateau,the Nujiang River is characterized by less human disturbance and maintains a relatively pristine state.This study investigates the high spatiotemporal resolution hydrochemistry and dual-carbon isotope composition(δ~(13)C_(DIC)andΔ~(14)C_(DIC))of river water in the Nujiang River Basin.The results revealed that the solutes and dissolved inorganic carbon in the river water are predominantly derived from rock weathering by carbonic and sulfuric acids,mainly due to the carbonate weathering process,and significantly enhanced by deep carbon sourcing from hot springs in the fault zone.The average contributions of geological and modern carbon in the main stream of the Nujiang River are 35.2%and 64.8%,respectively,and sulfide oxidation contributes>90%of sulfate ions in the river water.After considering the involvement of sulfuric acid generated by sulfide oxidation during rock weathering,the calculated consumption fluxes of atmospheric CO_(2) by silicate and carbonate weathering in the watershed were decreased by approximately 52.0%and 37.4%,respectively,compared with those calculated ignoring this process.Rock weathering of the Nujiang River Basin is a“CO_(2) sink”on a short time scale,while the participation of sulfuric acid makes it a“CO_(2) source”on a geological time scale.The high-frequency observations of ion concentrations,elemental ratios,and calculated contributions of different rock weathering materials indicate that carbonate rock weathering is more sensitive to temperature and runoff variations than silicate rock weathering,with the solute contribution from carbonate weathering increasing significantly during monsoon period.The material input from different rock types is dominated by the hydrological pathways and water-rock reaction times in the basin.This study reveals the river solute origins and weathering CO_(2) sequestration effect in response to a monsoonal climate in one of the most representative pristine plateau watersheds in the world,which is of great importance for elucidating the weathering control mechanisms and CO_(2) net sourcesink effect in plateau watersheds.

Meteorological Drought in Nujiang and Lancang River Basins during Recent 50 Years

Drought is one of the main natural disasters that cause economic loss in the basins of international rivers such as Nujiang and Lancang rivers. Based on the monthly precipitation and temperature data of 31 meteorological stations in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province during 1965-2013, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) in each of the two bio-climate zones was calculated. In addition, the drought process in annual, seasonal and monthly scale was analyzed respectively to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics and the intensity variation of meteorological drought in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province. The results showed that there was a significant increasing trend in seasonal(especially winter's) and monthly drought since the late 1970 s; the drought occurred in the two bio-climate zones showed no obvious spatial distinction, and it was synchronized with that occurred throughout Yunnan Province; and in the recent 50 years, the significant increase of drought in the study area may be attributed to the significant rise in temperature, rather than the slight decline of the precipitation.

Variation in transboundary flow of Nujiang River and its correlation with summer monsoon under the effect of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge

在在纵的范围峡(LRG ) 的地形学的效果下面的 Nujiang 河 transboundary 流动和夏天季风活动的变化之间的关系被检验。学习基于观察的河流动数据，和他们与环境预言( NCEP )的国家中心和大气的研究( NCAR )的国家中心的重新分析的 U/V 风领域的关联的统计分析，并且国家海洋、大气的管理( NOAA )的出去的 Longwave 放射( OLR )的数据。transboundary 河流动主要被集中在，这被结束湿或雨季(从 5 月到 10 月) ，特别地在夏天或洪水季节(从 6 月到 8 月) 。有一个清楚的趋势让 transboundary 河流动自从 1970 年代，与时间增加，自从 1980 年代特别地明显。由于地形学的东方西方障碍和 LRG 的纵贯的走廊效果，夏天河流动变化大部分与风被相关在高、低的高度南方、在北方。相反，河流动变化显然与风被相关仅仅在高高度，不是在低高度在东方、西。在 OLR 和河流动变化之间的否定关联也是明显的。这些关系是用索引在这篇论文建议了的二夏天季风描述的份量上。索引 MI 2 包括动态并且 thermodynamical 在 Nujiang 河盆的 LRG 区域完成并且给 transboundary 河流动变化的一个通常好的代表。更大的 MI 2 代表更强壮的夏天季风活动和更高的 transboundary 河流动，当更小的 MI 2 建议更弱的季风循环和更低的水流动时。

Study on thermal infrared remote sensing of Yarlung Zangbo River and Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The area change of heat abnormity is not in accordance with conclusions of former thermal infrared remote sensing studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which were that the temperature of Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt of the southern Plateau is high and the northern temperature is low. The study result in this paper shows that the highest temperature is found in the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt, the Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt temperature is the second highest, and the northern Tibet temperature is the lowest. The study demonstration area was the suture belt areas of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Bangong Co-Nujiang River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the land temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the bore temperature of field land surface were measured and the emissivity of land surface was calculated. In addition, the authors explore the mechanism of the relationship between thermal infrared remote sensing and constructing thermodynamics and reach four new conclusions about the thermodynamics of the Tibet Plateau.

怒江源头地区那曲河热裸裂尻鱼繁殖生物学研究

了解怒江源头地区那曲河热裸裂尻鱼基础生物学概况,研究其繁殖生物学,为评估热裸裂尻鱼生态适应性规律、进行资源管理和物种保护提供理论依据。2017年9月、2018年7月和10月在怒江源头那曲河采集309尾热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis),进行了生物学参数测定,包括年龄、体长、体重、繁殖力等,计算了性比、性腺成熟系数,评估了性成熟年龄,预测了产卵类型。结果显示:热裸裂尻鱼个体绝对繁殖力(F)为2943~16657粒,平均(7685±3527)粒;个体体长相对繁殖力(F_(L))为10.15~52.71粒/mm,平均(25.00±10.57)粒/mm;个体体重相对繁殖力(F_(W))为10.68~48.01粒/g,平均(23.91±8.21)粒/g。个体繁殖力与各基础生物学指标的相关性分析显示F、F_(L)与体长、体重、空壳重、卵巢重、年龄和丰满度之间的相关性极显著(P<0.01),与性腺成熟系数相关性不显著(F>0.05),F_(W)仅与卵巢重和性腺成熟系数具有显著相关性(0.01<P<0.05)。雌雄比为2.78:1,性腺成熟系数范围为0.39%~11.75%,雌鱼最小性成熟年龄为6龄,雄鱼最小性成熟年龄为4龄。根据热裸裂尻鱼卵径频率分布特征,推测其产卵类型为完全同步型一次性产卵。

怒江西藏段鱼类群落结构及多样性研究

为了探究怒江西藏段干流及主要支流鱼类群落结构及其多样性,2017-2020年在该区域设置9个调查站点,进行8次鱼类资源调查。结果表明,调查共采集到鱼类2目6科9属23种,其中怒江特有种6种,外来鱼类5种,种类数总体上呈现随着海拔上升而逐渐减少的分布趋势;优势种为怒江裂腹鱼(Schizothorax nukiangensiss)、裸腹叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus kaznakovi)和热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis),三者占调查鱼类总生物量的96.28%,占调查鱼类总数的91.25%。群落Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.369~0.908、0.222~0.496、0.317~0.754、0.405~0.692,整体上处于较低水平。按生态类型可分为底栖缓流型、底栖间隙型、急流吸附型及静水中层型4类,摄食类型基本为杂食性。下游察瓦龙乡与那曲大坝上游的鱼类物种组成相似性指数最低(11.76%),支流左贡玉曲河与比如大坝下游的相似性指数最高(70.00%)。流域总体上处于中度干扰状态,上游大坝之间的河段及支流玉曲河处于较为严重的干扰状态。为了保护怒江西藏段鱼类多样性,建议在玉曲河支流设立保护区,加强流域渔政管理,规范放生行为,做好流域开发的生态保护修复与预案研究。

高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌多样性及分布特征

[目的]探究高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌物种多样性及其沿海拔梯度的分布特征,为该区域虫生真菌资源的开发、利用和保护提供科学依据。[方法]从怒江沿线高黎贡山南段的保山至北段的丙中洛区域(海拔800~1500 m)采集的土壤样品中分离虫生真菌菌株;采用形态学和多基因系统发育分析方法对虫生真菌进行物种鉴定,同时对虫生真菌的物种多样性及垂直分布特征进行分析。[结果]在高黎贡山怒江沿线区域共获得623株虫生真菌菌株,涵盖4科7属18种。其中,优势属为绿僵菌属(有9种,共398株)、白僵菌属(有3种,共133株),优势种依次为棕色绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌。所有海拔区段的土壤中均有虫生真菌分布,且虫生真菌的多样性指数呈现出随海拔升高逐渐降低的趋势。保山段(海拔800~900 m)虫生真菌的香农-威纳指数(1.8117)、辛普森指数(0.7758)、均匀度指数(0.7868)最高,优势度指数(0.2242)最低;贡山段(1400~1500 m)虫生真菌的香农-威纳指数(1.2079)、辛普森指数(0.5200)、均匀度指数(0.5037)最低,优势度指数(0.4800)最高。聚类分析结果显示,高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌分为宽域分布物种和狭域分布物种。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)表明,土壤湿度和土壤温度是影响高黎贡山怒江沿线虫生真菌多样性和属物种丰度的主要因子。[结论]高黎贡山怒江沿线土壤中虫生真菌物种多样性丰富,且具有一定的垂直分布特征,应加强对该区域虫生真菌物种资源的保护。

川藏交通廊道怒江段斜坡地质灾害发育特征及主控因素分析

青藏高原东南三江流域地质环境脆弱,地质灾害频发。为了有效防控川藏交通廊道怒江段(洛隆―八宿)的地质灾害风险,采用遥感解译、现场调查、GIS空间分析、确定性系数(certainty factor,CF)分析以及敏感性指数(E)分析等方法,在研究区内共识别出斜坡地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌、变形体)992处,分析了灾害的数量、规模和破坏模式等发育特征,揭示了灾害的易发区间和主控因素。研究表明:高程[2672,4500)m,坡度[20,35)°,坡向E、SE、S、SW、W是灾害易发的地形地貌区间;砂砾岩、泥页岩、灰岩岩组、砂板岩夹火山岩岩组、碳酸盐岩岩组、砂板岩夹煤层岩组、大理岩、灰岩夹片岩岩组、片岩、硅质岩和砂板岩岩组是灾害易发的地层岩组;距断裂和距水系距离小于1 km均为灾害易发范围。其中,高程[2672,3000)m、坡度[25,35)°、坡向SW、碳酸盐岩岩组和砂板岩夹煤层岩组是灾害最易发生的因子范围。选取的6个影响因子对斜坡地质灾害的影响大小依次为:高程、岩组、坡度、距水系距离、距断裂距离和坡向,其中前5个因子是灾害的主控因素。本文研究成果可以为川藏交通廊道怒江段的防灾减灾提供科学依据。

A New Species of Japalura(Squamata, Agamidae) from the Nu River Valley in Southern Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan, China

A population of Japalura from Yunnan Province, China, previously assigned to Japalura splendida, is described as a new species. The new species has been recorded between 1 138–2 500 m in the Nu River drainage between the towns of Liuku and Binzhongluo, and on the lower western slopes of the Nushan and eastern slopes of the Goaligongshan. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Japalura, except J. dymondi, by the following combination of characters： exposed tympani, prominent dorso-lateral stripes, and small gular scales. It is very similar with but differs from J. dymondi by having smooth or feebly keeled dorsal head scales, three relatively enlarged spines on either side of the post-occiput area, strongly keeled and mucronate scales on occiput area and within the lateral stripes, back of arm and leg green, higher number of dorsal-ridge scales（DS） and fourth toe subdigital scales（T4S）. A principal component analysis of body measurements of adult male specimens of the new species and J. dymondi showed principal component 1 loading highest for upper arm length, fourth toe length and snout to eye length and principal component 2 loading highest for head width, head length and fourth toe length.

草地贪夜蛾及二化螟肠道微生物多样性

采用高通量DNA测序技术以及微生物群落分析方法,对怒江下游蒲缥坝草地贪夜蛾、二化螟两种害虫肠道的微生物进行了研究。研究结果显示:单从菌群的Alpha多样性来看,两种昆虫肠道内微生物在物种数和均匀度方面基本相当;两组样本菌群在群落结构方面虽然存在差异,但不显著;在两组样本共有且相对丰度较高的10个属中,草地贪夜蛾中肠球菌属(Enterococcus)明显高于二化螟;而在二化螟中克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)的丰度明显高于草地贪夜蛾。

乡村振兴背景下云南边疆民族地区社会治理现代化探析

党的二十大在社会治理方面提出,要加快推进市域社会治理现代化,提高市域社会治理能力,提升治理效能。社会治理现代化符合乡村振兴总体要求中治理有效的发展需求,成为乡村振兴的必然逻辑与现实选择。该文基于乡村振兴背景,总结怒江推进社会治理现代化多元共治工作实践及成效;归纳怒江社会治理现代化的现实困境;探讨进一步推动云南边疆民族地区社会治理现代化建设,以期助力乡村振兴绿色可持续发展。

怒江真核浮游生物的海拔分布格局及其环境影响因素

为研究怒江真核浮游生物群落的多样性,于2020年11月在怒江干流约2 000 km的区域布设了35个样点进行样品采集,基于18S rRNA分子标记进行宏条形码分析,探究了真核浮游生物群落的空间分布差异及其对环境因子的响应。测序共得到1 320个操作分类单元(OTU),涵盖了真核浮游生物群落共34门302属。β多样性显示怒江的真核浮游生物群落能够随海拔梯度的变化明显分为高海拔(4 000 m以上)、中海拔(1 000~4 000 m)和低海拔(1 000 m以下)3个分组,组间差异大于组内差异。不同海拔真核浮游生物的α多样性显示,表征物种丰富度的Chao1指数、表征群落均匀度的Pielou指数、表征群落整体多样性的Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均随着海拔的升高呈降低趋势,说明海拔的升高会影响真核浮游生物的多样性。在不同海拔的群落组成差异上,纤毛虫门和绿藻门的物种相对丰度随着海拔的降低而升高,主要富集于低海拔区域;硅藻门物种是相对丰度最高的物种,主要富集于中海拔区域;节肢动物门的物种相对丰度随着海拔的降低而降低,主要富集于高海拔区域。环境影响因素上,怒江pH值和电导率随纬度的降低而降低,水温、溶解氧、流速和浊度随纬度的降低而升高,海拔、水温和流速是显著影响怒江真核浮游生物群落分布的环境因子。

怒江⁃萨尔温江流域植被覆盖时空变化趋势及驱动力

植被作为陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,对区域生态系统环境变化、全球碳循环和气候调节具有非常重要的作用。怒江⁃萨尔温江流域是东南亚最重要的跨境河流之一,其植被变化会影响区域生态系统和气候。研究以怒江⁃萨尔温江流域为研究区,基于2000—2021年MODIS NDVI数据,利用BFAST模型、Hurst指数以及地理探测器研究了其植被覆盖时空演变趋势和未来可持续性以及驱动因子。结果表明:(1)2000—2021年,怒江⁃萨尔温江流域植被覆盖总体呈波动上升趋势,多年平均植被覆盖度FVC(Fractional Vegetation Cover)为0.73,以高植被覆盖和较高植被覆盖为主。植被分布具有明显的空间异质性,下游和中游植被覆盖明显优于上游。(2)BFAST趋势表明,近22年怒江⁃萨尔温江流域植被覆盖改善和退化的区域面积占比分别为71.24%、28.76%,改善的区域远大于退化的区域,说明研究区植被得到较好的保护。Hurst指数显示,未来植被将持续改善和退化的区域占比分别为94.89%、2.76%。BFAST与Hurst二者叠加共耦合了17种植被覆盖的未来趋势情形,整体上未来植被呈持续改善为主,将持续改善和持续退化状态的面积占比分别为68.99%、29.09%。(3)基于最优参数的地理探测器结果表明,海拔对研究区植被覆盖分布具有宏观控制作用,影响最大,其次是气温、降水等气象因子。各区域植被覆盖影响因素又具有差异性,其中,海拔和土地利用方式对上游地区植被覆盖的影响比中游和下游区域显著;中游高山峡谷地区以海拔以及海拔差异带来的气温、降水差异对植被覆盖影响重大;下游地区以人口、GDP等人为因素影响为主。研究结果对了解研究区生态环境状况及未来变化提供科学数据支持。

变化环境下可能最大洪水计算研究

气候变化与下垫面变化前提下,多因素共同影响明显增加了流域可能最大洪水(PMF)估算难度。为此,提出一种集气候模式结果后处理、气候变化情景下相应可能最大暴雨(PMP)估算及土地利用/覆被变化方案设定、基流/前期影响雨量影响分析、基于相似性的PMP时空展布于一体的PMF计算模式,将其应用于怒江上游。结果表明,基流/前期影响雨量及暴雨时空分布不确定性是影响流域PMF的重要因素,气候与下垫面变化双重驱动对于PMF影响较大,且变幅随着变化程度增强而增大。

基于MaxEnt模型的怒江大峡谷泥石流易发性评价和成因

为进行泥石流易发性分区及环境因子的敏感性评价,选取降水、高程、坡度、坡向、径流量、岩性、断层、归一化植被指数、土壤侵蚀模数等9个环境因子,基于最大熵(MaxEnt)模型对187个泥石流沟道进行易发性评价。结果表明:导致泥石流易发的主导因素依次是径流量、高程、降水、岩性、断层、坡度、归一化植被指数、土壤侵蚀模数、坡向。依据泥石流灾害易发概率进行易发性分区发现,贡山—福贡段泥石流易发性最强,模型AUC值为0.974,标准差为0.010,模型分析结果与实际结果一致。与研究区山洪沟道9个环境因子进行对比评价发现,泥石流对环境因子的敏感性要比山洪复杂。通过能量分析的方法证明泥石流环境因子的敏感性复杂的原因,表明流域汇水能量对灾害的形成贡献率最大。

后脱贫时代云南省怒江州防返贫长效机制构建研究

贫困治理是中国特色社会主义伟大实践的重要组成部分,是中国特色社会主义制度优势的集中体现,然而脱贫之后的脱贫户再次返贫问题成为“十四五”时期重要关注点。通过深入探析云南怒江州潜在的返贫主、客观原因,即从脱贫户内生动力、防返贫监测系统、政策制度、特色产业4个方面进行阐述,并提出相应的对策建议,对拓展巩固云南怒江州脱贫攻坚成果、实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。

从“傈僳化”到“汉化”:怒江地区各民族交往交流交融的历史进程与特点

怒族、独龙族是最早进入怒江地区居住和生活的民族。从明代晚期开始,傈僳族、勒墨人迁入怒江,与怒族、独龙族形成沿江交错杂居的分布格局。清代以来,傈僳族发展成为怒江地区的主体民族和统治民族,傈僳族的语言习俗和生产生活方式对其他民族产生强大的辐射和同化作用,怒江地区各民族的交往交流交融出现明显的“傈僳化”趋向。清末以前,由于国家政治力量的不足或缺位,怒江地区的社会生活和民族间的交往交流交融处于自然自发的状态。1912年民国政府“开辟”怒江后,国家治理力量直接进入怒江,怒江各民族的交往交流交融进入自觉自为的新时期。民国时期,随着怒江与内地联系的空前加强和“汉人”不断迁移或旅居怒江,“汉人”和内地的政治经济文化对怒江各民族的生产生活产生了广泛作用和影响,怒江社会发展出现“汉化”或“内地化”的特征与趋向。“傈僳化”和“汉化”相继并行,成为怒江地区民族交往交流交融和区域社会一体化发展的基本机制和途径。

惠通桥之战几个问题辨析

惠通桥是抗日战争“生命线”——滇缅公路经过怒江的一座关键桥梁,形势险峻,为兵家必争之地。日本为封锁中国、困死中国,一个重要目标就是破坏滇缅公路,掌控其重要桥梁惠通桥,我军为阻止日寇进军,炸毁惠通桥后,在惠通桥附近展开了艰险的战斗,从而奠定了敌我怒江对峙的局面,惠通桥之战虽然只是小规模的局部战争,但在滇西抗战史上具有重要价值,在中国抗战史上也应有一席之地,因此,对惠通桥的建造及改造、炸毁争夺、怒江对峙局面等史料梳理就显得极有价值。