Modelling of the behavior of marine oil spills: applications based on random walk techniques

A numerical model has been developed to simulate the transport and fate of oil spilled at sea. The model combines the transport and fate processes of spilled oil with the random walk technique. Oil movement under the influence of tidal currents, wind driven currents, and turbulent eddies is simulated by the PLUME RW dispersion model developed by HR Wallingford. The weathering processes in the model represent physical and chemical changes of soil slicks with time, and comprise mechanical spreading, dispersion, evaporation and emulsification. Shoreline stranding is determined approximately using a capacity method for different shoreline types. This paper presents details of the model, and describe the results of various sensitivity tests. The model is suitable for oil spill contingency planning.

Combining TOPSIS and GRA for supplier selection problem with interval numbers

Supplier selection can be regarded as a typical multiple attribute decision-making problem. In real-world situation, the values of the alternative attributes and their weights are always being nondeterministic, and as a result of this, the values are considered interval numbers. In addition, the common approach to measure the similarity between alternatives through their distance suffers from some minor shortcomings. To address these problems, this study develops a novel hybrid decision-making method by combining the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution （TOPSIS） with grey relational analysis （GRA） for supplier selection with interval numbers. By introducing the intervals theory, the extensions of Euclidean distance and grey relational grade are defined. And then a new comprehensive closeness coefficient is constituted for supplier alternatives evaluation based on the interval Euclidean distance and the interval grey relational grade, which could indicate the distance-based similarity and the shape-based similarity simultaneously. A mtmerical example is taken to validate the flexibility of the proposed method, and result shows that this method can tackle the uncertainty in real-world supplier selection and also help decision makers to effectively select optimal suppliers.

Comprehensible Technique in Solving Consecutive Number Problems in Algebra

This research paper evaluated and investigated the effectiveness of the comprehensible technique (CT) introduced by the researcher as an alternative solution to Algebra’s linear equations in solving consecutive number problems. The CT is a proposed easy and efficient way of solving number problems which aimed to help the learners reduce their difficulties in using variables since the technique only uses basic arithmetic and mental Mathematics. Evaluation research was utilized in this study where 20 people, from various ages and professions, were chosen purposively as respondents of the study. The study found out that CT was very effective for the respondents especially in unlocking difficulties in solving consecutive number problems. Moreover, according to them, the CT is easy to use, it is engaging and enjoyable, direct and simple and can be utilized as shortcut way of solving consecutive number problems when competing in Math quiz bees or taking board examinations where time is of the essence.

Effects of Gas Metal Arc Welding Techniques on the Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel

The study has compared the effect of gas metal arc welding techniques on some mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel. The samples after welded were given post weld heat treatment (quenching in engine and neem oil). After the analyses, it was established that duplex stainless steel can be weld successfully using gas metal arc welding process (GMAW). Both Lubricating oil and neem oil can serve as quenching medium for post welding heat treatment of duplex stainless steel. The results of the studies also show that welding and heat treatment really affect the mechanical properties of the alloy;the control strength was 811.47 MN/m2 while that of the welded samples ranged from 177.07 to 257.32 MN/m2. The control impact energy was 162.70 J, while that of the welded samples ranged from 38.64 J to 56.20 J. The research also shows that the stress relief heat treatment gives better strength (A3 = 331 MN/m2) compared to those that were quenched in lubricating oil (A2 = 329 MN/m2) and neem oil (A1 = 222 MN/m2), but the reverse is the case in terms of toughness.

Optimal Solution of Fuzzy Transportation Problem Using Octagonal Fuzzy Numbers

In this paper a fuzzy transportation problem under a fuzzy environment is solved using octagonal fuzzy numbers.The transportation problem is significant and has been widely studied in the field of applied mathematics to solve a system of linear equations in many applications in science.Systems of concurrent linear equations play a vital major role in operational research.The main perspective of this research paper is to find out the minimum amount of transportation cost of some supplies through a capacitated network formerly the availability and the demand notes are octagonal fuzzy numbers.Octagonal fuzzy numbers are used and showed a membership function.To illustrate this method,a fuzzy transportation problem is solved by using octagonal fuzzy numbers using the ranking technique.It is shown that it is the best optimal solution and it is demonstrated with a numerical example.

便携式小型化磁光阱系统

为了实现一种新型且简单的磁光阱(MOT)原子俘获,采用了大口径单光束和多个反射镜组合的方式来简化磁光阱结构,并用永磁体替代线圈提供所需的梯度磁场来增加冷原子俘获装置的便携性。分析了腔室内的偏振光和实验光路构成,并进行了实验验证;采用收集荧光法、及释放和再捕获的方法测得了在不同铷原子释放器电流下的原子数目和电流关闭后原子团寿命的变化。结果表明,俘获的^(87)Rb原子团的大小约为1.5 mm,冷原子数目大约为1.7×10^(7),原子团的温度约为177μK。该MOT结构可以在小型化的基础上实现理想的原子俘获,研究结果为新型量子传感器领域提供了参考。

完全性脊髓横断后排尿次数对神经源性膀胱模型大鼠成模率的影响

背景:脊髓损伤常导致逼尿肌反射亢进型神经源性膀胱,目前对其发病机制和治疗缺乏明确认识,建立稳定可靠的动物模型对揭示疾病的病理机制和探索治疗方法具有重要影响。目的:探究完全性脊髓横断术后辅助排尿次数对神经源性膀胱模型大鼠的影响,以提高神经源性膀胱模型大鼠术后生存率及成模率。方法:从46只雌性SD大鼠中按随机数字表法抽取6只为假手术组,剩余40只大鼠完全性脊髓横断造模后随机分为每日排尿0,1,3,5次组,每组10只。术后19 d内每隔3 d测量残余尿量,术后第19天时观察存活及成模情况,进行尿流动力学检测及离体逼尿肌肌条收缩实验。结果与结论:①存活率及成模率:每日排尿0次组存活率10%,成模率10%;每日排尿1次组存活率20%,成模率10%;每日排尿3,5次组存活率70%,成模率70%;②残余尿量:与假手术组相比,术后第3,6,9,12,15天,每日排尿3,5次组的残余尿量显著增加(P<0.01);术后第18天,每日排尿3,5次组的残余尿量增多(P<0.05);与每日排尿3次组相比,术后第6天,每日排尿5次组的残余尿量减少(P<0.05),术后第3,9,12,15,18天,每日排尿5次组的残余尿量无统计学差异;③尿流动力学:与假手术组相比,每日排尿3,5次组大鼠的漏尿点压差明显减小(P<0.01),膀胱最大容量显著增大(P<0.01);与每日排尿3次组相比,每日排尿5次组的漏尿点压差和膀胱最大容量均无统计学差异;④离体逼尿肌肌条收缩实验:与假手术组相比,每日排尿3,5次组逼尿肌肌条收缩幅度和频率显著减少(P<0.01);与每日排尿3次组相比,每日排尿5次组的逼尿肌肌条收缩幅度和频率均无统计学差异。结果表明:辅助排尿是成功构建逼尿肌反射亢进型神经源性膀胱模型的影响因素之一,每日排尿3次或5次无明显差异,结合实际工作量和成模率,建议每日排尿频率至少3次及以上。

Arc-length technique for nonlinear finite element analysis

Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.

基于直觉模糊环境的海上风机选型

选择合适的海上风力发电机机型对海上风电场的长期高效运行起着至关重要的作用。针对决策者在风机选型决策过程中存在不确定性和主观偏好等问题,提出一种改进的多准则决策(multi-criteria decision making, MCDM)框架及方法:在权重求解算法中将群体决策和直觉模糊数与层次分析法相结合,提出群体直觉模糊层次分析法(group intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, GIAHP)计算指标权重;在备选方案排序算法中将余弦距离引入接近理想点法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution, TOPSIS),提出多距离TOPSIS确定备选方案排序。最后以山东省海上风电场风机选型为例,并通过敏感性分析验证框架及方法的鲁棒性。该框架及方法为中国海上风电场风机选型提供理论依据,可确保海上风电场长期稳定运行。

界面移动法测定离子迁移数实验的改进

对界面移动法实验装置进行了数字化改造,采用电导率-时间曲线测量方法,准确、客观地确定溶液界面在两对电导电极间的移动速率。该方法消除了人工观测的主观偏差,且无需使用指示剂标示界面,解决了低浓度条件下界面无法观察的问题,并可将实验测定对象由传统的酸性电解质溶液(如HCl水溶液)扩展到中性电解质溶液(如NaCl、KCl等)。该方法在实验浓度范围内(约0.01–0.1mol·L^(-1))测定的氢离子迁移数值在合理偏差的区间内(0.8230–0.8350),可用于测定电解质的离子迁移数和电迁移率等性质,为物理化学实验教学提供一种新方法。

经丝数量规范下明清纱罗的织造技艺复原研究

由于织造设备的转变,明清时期绞经织物结构中的无固定绞组销声匿迹,固定绞组占据主流,纱罗成为固定绞组二经绞织物的专称,并形成了标准化的经丝数量。经丝数量标准是对大量生产经验的提炼和总结,为纱罗质量与产量的提升提供了保障。在经丝数量规范下,本文针对纱罗类织物中的暗花纱罗,通过原料准备、织物规格设置、纹样提取、意匠图绘制、上机工艺设计以及可视化的织造过程,系统探究纱罗织造的技术路径,从实践角度验证了纱罗经丝数量的技术标准。最后,本文运用虚拟仿真技术进一步完成了从面料到成衣的呈现,精确模拟了纱罗的物理属性及其成衣穿着效果,实现了“理论—实验—仿真”的一体化研究。

超声速变马赫数风洞流场参数线性变化验证

旋转喷管型面使超声速变马赫数风洞在单次运行过程中可连续调节实验区的马赫数,便于研究飞行器机动过程、进气道起动过程中的气动问题。在控制喷管型面旋转过程中,流场参数能否线性变化是衡量超声速变马赫数风洞性能的一个重要指标。分析变马赫数风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化规律,利用弹簧光顺的动网格技术建立数值仿真模型,验证喷管位于马赫数3.041~3.215范围所对应的位置时,实验区流场参数是否满足线性变化规律。结果表明:通过对喷管型面旋转的控制实现了风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化,动态计算结果与预期实验区流场参数线性变化规律吻合良好;在不同加速度的流场参数线性变化过程中,各时刻实验区的平均参数与预期参数之间的偏差均小于0.13%。

CNV结合STR分型技术检测孕早期流产组织潜在葡萄胎效果及风险因素分析

目的:评估基因组拷贝数变异测序(CNV-seq)结合短串联重复序列(STR)多态性分析技术在检测孕早期(≤9周)流产物组织中潜在葡萄胎病例的应用效果.方法:收集2021年1月-2022年12月行孕早期流产组织CNV-seq结合STR多态性检测病例114例,其中部分新鲜绒毛组织进行CNV-seq结合STR多态性检测,部分组织行病理学检测.比较两种检测方法结果,并分析潜在葡萄胎病例的临床特征和影响因素.结果:CNV-seq结合STR多态性检测共检出染色体异常病例28例,阳性率为24.6%,其中单亲二倍体(UPD)8例,占阳性病例28.6%;病理学检出葡萄胎病例12例,阳性率为10.5%,其中完全性葡萄胎(CHM)10例,占阳性病例的83.3%.两种检测方法的结果一致率为89.5%,Kappa值为0.75,两种方法具较好一致性.潜在葡萄胎病例与非葡萄胎病例在年龄、孕次、流产次、β-hCG水平、超声表现等方面有差异,其中年龄、β-hCG水平和超声表现是潜在葡萄胎危险因素(均P<0.05).结论:CNV-seq结合STR多态性分析技术能有效检测孕早期流产物组织中潜在葡萄胎病例,有助于指导临床治疗和避免再次流产.

多层互剪搅拌桩工法的工艺因素模型试验研究

采用模型试验方法,对多层互剪搅拌桩工法(contra-rotational shear deep soil mixing,简称CS-DSM工法)的工艺因素进行了试验研究,探索了水泥掺量、单位桩长搅拌次数T、单位体积搅拌能量E以及内外钻杆转速比RN等工艺因素对搅拌桩均匀性与强度UCS的影响。模型试验研究发现,通过多层互剪搅拌能够根除地表冒浆、防止糊钻抱钻、提高固化材料利用率。18组模型试验结果阐明搅拌桩在T-E-UCS之间存在固有关联,并揭示出机械参数、输出能量与桩身强度之间的本质关系。提供的计算方法可以定性指导选取合理的工艺参数,实现桩身设计强度目标。作为重要工艺因素,内外钻杆转速比RN与桩身强度试验曲线存在极值点,建议在工程中将1.80~2.20作为获取桩身峰值强度的最优RN值域。CS-DSM工法应用的系列研究结果为高质量搅拌桩工艺控制原则和质量保障体系提供了试验依据。

Influence of Temperature-Dependent Thermophysical Properties of TiO2-SiO2-ZnO-Fe2O3/PAO Tetra-Hybrid Nanofluid along a Vertical Porous Surface with Suction

The significance of the thermophysical properties of Tetra hybrid nanofluid in enhancing heat transmission in various applications like heat exchangers, automobiles, and solar storage cannot be overstated. These features can be tampered with when nanoparticles are been introduced into the base fluid to produce an improved heat carrier fluid for the system. This study investigates the impact of temperature-dependent properties on the movement of TiO2-SiO2-ZnO-Fe2O3/PAO Tetra hybrid nanofluid along a vertical porous surface with suction. The system of governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) was formulated and transformed into the system of coupled nonlinear third-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by similarity techniques. The resulting ODEs were solved numerically using the shooting method and fourth order Runge-Kutta method with the aid of Maple 18.0 software. Using numerical and statistical methods, the study analyzes velocity, temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number. It was found that as the variable thermal conductivity parameter upsurges both the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number intensify at the rate of 0.011697519 and 8.043581616 respectively. This study underscores the vital role of Tetra hybrid nanofluid’s thermophysical properties in improving heat transmission for diverse appli cations. By manipulating nanoparticles within the base fluid, the heat carrier fluid’s efficiency can be enhanced, critical for industries like automotive and enewable energy. These insights inform the design of more efficient heat exchange systems, advancing sustainability and performance in real-world scenarios.

盘扣式满堂支架施工安全指标及权重等级研究

为避免盘扣式满堂支架施工全过程中安全事故发生及人员伤亡,明确盘扣式钢管支架(简称“盘扣支架”)在施工过程中涉及的安全指标及其权重等级。调研了66起满堂支架施工安全事故与12部相关标准,开展了考虑专家置信指数影响的盘扣支架安全指标重要性程度的调研分析。研究表明:共筛选出77项盘扣支架施工安全指标,基于层次分析法构建了盘扣支架施工安全指标层次结构,经过权重等级划分共提取Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级安全指标分别有34项、20项及23项,可为盘扣式满堂支架施工安全管理工作提供理论依据,在一定程度上预防其在施工过程中发生安全事故。

林下园参栽培技术及产量研究

为研究在保证不破坏林地环境的前提下,将园参栽培技术应用于林下参栽培,通过试验对参苗移栽与管理技术进行分析,包括选择最佳的移栽时间、控制适宜的覆土厚度以及林下园参的施肥、除草等管理措施,进而优化林下园参栽培与管理技术。结果表明:秋季移栽,较春栽4月上旬和中下旬林下园参的株高、根状茎直径、根状茎鲜重分别高12.57%、14.01%、18.75%和4.12%、3.39%、3.32%;移栽覆土厚度3~5 cm,1年生林下园参的株高、根状茎直径、根状茎鲜重较覆土≥5 cm和≤3 cm分别高23.16%、35.23%、35.81%和13.94%、29.35%、22.32%;施肥措施为生物菌肥最佳;对林下园参进行人工除草3次较1次人工除草和不除草的5年生林下园参株高、根状茎直径、根状茎鲜重分别高22.87%、34.13%、25.58%和82.06%、52.25%、102.72%;林下参至收获年即15 a时667 m2仅为3570株,而林下园参的收获年即6 a时667 m2保苗数达到25630株;林下园参5 a平均根茎干重比林下参10 a提高了64.9%。

海河干流、大沽排污河沉积物中重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法,分析了海河干流、大沽排污河沉积物中典型重金属污染物的质量比,评估了沉积物中重金属的污染程度,定量确定了其潜在生态风险程度。结果表明,综合污染程度海河干流比大沽排污河严重。海河干流、大沽排污河沉积物当中的典型重金属污染物的平均综合污染指数Cd分别达到20.89和12.47。海河沉积物中重金属的污染程度依次为Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd,其中Zn的污染最为严重,平均污染指数Cif达到11.24。而大沽排污河中重金属的污染程度依次为Zn、Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb,其中Zn污染较高,Cu、Cr、Cd均为中等污染。大沽排污河比海河潜在生态风险严重,除Cd在两条河流中均具有中等潜在生态风险,其他重金属均具有低等潜在生态风险。

基于CT扫描技术的岩心孔隙配位数实验研究

应用CT扫描技术对岩心的孔隙结构进行了研究,根据灰度值范围的选取,得到了储层岩心的孔隙度;通过二维横截面图片,对岩心孔喉比进行了研究;并且明确了岩心配位数的查找方法,给出了岩样的配位数分布特点。研究结果表明,渗透率为370×10-3μm2的配位数主要在5～13之间,而且有50%以上的比例在7～9;而渗透率为554×10-3μm2的配位数在6～15之间,有60%以上的比例在10～13;CT扫描得出的孔喉比由几变化到几十,最大孔喉比可达60,而随着渗透率的增加,孔喉比在降低,这与恒速压汞实验得出的结论基本是一致的。

基于哈密顿体系求解空间粘性流体问题

本文通过变分原理将哈密顿体系引入到小雷诺数空间粘性流体问题中导出一套哈密顿算子矩阵的本征函数向量展开求解问题的方法基于直接法求解流体力学基本方程通过求零本征解及其约当型得到几种常见的基本流动求解非零本征值及本征向量的叠加继可分析流场端部效应从而在该领域用哈密顿体系辛几何空间中研究问题的方法代替了传统在拉格朗日体系欧氏空间分析问题的方法