A STUDY ON THE WEIGHT FUNCTION OF THE MOVING LEAST SQUARE APPROXIMATION IN THE LOCAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

The meshless method is a new numerical technique presented in recent years.It uses the moving least square(MLS)approximation as a shape function.The smoothness of the MLS approximation is determined by that of the basic function and of the weight function,and is mainly determined by that of the weight function.Therefore,the weight function greatly affects the accuracy of results obtained.Different kinds of weight functions,such as the spline function, the Gauss function and so on,are proposed recently by many researchers.In the present work,the features of various weight functions are illustrated through solving elasto-static problems using the local boundary integral equation method.The effect of various weight functions on the accuracy, convergence and stability of results obtained is also discussed.Examples show that the weight function proposed by Zhou Weiyuan and Gauss and the quartic spline weight function are better than the others if parameters c and α in Gauss and exponential weight functions are in the range of reasonable values,respectively,and the higher the smoothness of the weight function,the better the features of the solutions.

A Simple Weighted Integration Method for Calculating Surface Tension Force to Suppress Parasitic Flow in the Level Set Approach

Parasitic flows may occur in the numerical simulation of incompressible multiphase flow due to errors in the calculation of surface tension terms, specifically for the curvature and unit normal vector. An improved method for calculating the surface tension based on the level set approach is proposed, in which the contribution of not only the center node but also the rest area of a control volume to the calculation of surface tension is considered in a balanced manner. The weighted integration method (WIM) is more consistent with the concept of a banded interface in the level set method. It is applied to the temporal evolution of a two-dimensional neutrally buoyant liquid drop and a buoyancy driven deformable bubble in an immiscible fluid for the validation of WIM. The results show that the parasitic flows are evidently suppressed by the weighted integration method. The weight factors for WIM in 3-D cases are also suggested.

A Simple Weighted Integration Method for Calculating Surface Tension Force to Suppress Parasitic Flow in the Level Set Approach

Parasitic flows may occur in the numerical simulation of incompressible multiphase flow due to errors in the calculation of surface tension terms, specifically for the curvature and unit normal vector. An improved method for calculating the surface tension based on the level set approach is proposed, in which the contribution of not only the center node but also the rest area of a control volume to the calculation of surface tension is considered in a balanced manner. The weighted integration method (WIM) is more consistent with the concept of a banded in- terface in the level set method. It is applied to the temporal evolution of a two-dimensional neutrally buoyant liquid drop and a buoyancy driven deformable bubble in an immiscible fluid for the validation of WIM. The results show that the parasitic flows are evidently suppressed by the weighted integration method. The weight factors for WIM in 3-D cases are also suggested.

Numerical Solution of the Weight Function for Electromagnetic Flowmeter

A numerical solution of the weight function for a two-electrode electromagnetic flowmeter was proposed. The solution was obtained by using the finite element method based on the basic equation of a traditional two-electrode electromagnetic flowmeter. The two-dimensional distribution of the weight function of the electromagnetic flowmeter obtained was verified by the analytical solution. Three-dimensional distribution of the weight function was also presented in the paper. It can be employed to analyze the sensitivity and linearity of the electromagnetic flowmeter with non-uniform magnetic field, and even to assist the design of the excitation coil pair.

The Numerical Integration of Discrete Functions on a Triangular Element

With the application of Hammer integral formulas of a continuous function on a triangular element, the numerical integral formulas of some discrete functions on the element are derived by means of decomposition and recombination of base functions. Hammer integral formulas are the special examples of those of the paper.

Single-pulse chaotic dynamics of functionally graded materials plate

Single-pulse chaos are studied for a functionally graded materials rectangular plate. By means of the global perturbation method, explicit conditions for the existence of a SiZnikov-type homoclinic orbit are obtained for this sys- tem, which suggests that chaos are likely to take place. Then, numerical simulations are given to test the analytical predic- tions. And from our analysis, when the chaotic motion oc- curs, there are a quasi-period motion in a two-dimensional subspace and chaos in another two-dimensional supplemen- tary subspace.

New Numerical Integration Formulations for Ordinary Differential Equations

An entirely new framework is established for developing various single- and multi-step formulations for the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations. Besides polynomials, unconventional base-functions with trigonometric and exponential terms satisfying different conditions are employed to generate a number of formulations. Performances of the new schemes are tested against well-known numerical integrators for selected test cases with quite satisfactory results. Convergence and stability issues of the new formulations are not addressed as the treatment of these aspects requires a separate work. The general approach introduced herein opens a wide vista for producing virtually unlimited number of formulations.

AXISYMMETRIC BENDING OF TWO-DIRECTIONAL FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CIRCULAR AND ANNULAR PLATES

Assuming the material properties varying with an exponential law both in the thick- ness and radial directions, axisymmetric bending of two-directional functionally graded circular and annular plates is studied using the semi-analytical numerical method in this paper. The deflections and stresses of the plates are presented. Numerical results show the well accuracy and convergence of the method. Compared with the finite element method, the semi-analytical nu- merical method is with great advantage in the computational efficiency. Moreover, study on ax- isymmetric bending of two-directional functionally graded annular plate shows that such plates have better performance than those made of isotropic homogeneous materials or one-directional functionally graded materials. Two-directional functionally graded material is a potential alternative to the one-directional functionally graded material. And the integrated design of materials and structures can really be achieved in two-directional functionally graded materials.

THE MESHLESS VIRTUAL BOUNDARY METHOD AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO 2D ELASTICITY PROBLEMS

A novel numerical method for eliminating the singular integral and boundary effect is processed. In the proposed method, the virtual boundaries corresponding to the numbers of the true boundary arguments are chosen to be as simple as possible. An indirect radial basis function network （IRBFN） constructed by functions resulting from the indeterminate integral is used to construct the approaching virtual source functions distributed along the virtual boundaries. By using the linear superposition method, the governing equations presented in the boundaries integral equations （BIE） can be established while the fundamental solutions to the problems are introduced. The singular value decomposition （SVD） method is used to solve the governing equations since an optimal solution in the least squares sense to the system equations is available. In addition, no elements are required, and the boundary conditions can be imposed easily because of the Kronecker delta function properties of the approaching functions. Three classical 2D elasticity problems have been examined to verify the performance of the method proposed. The results show that this method has faster convergence and higher accuracy than the conventional boundary type numerical methods.

Precise integration method without inverse matrix calculation for structural dynamic equations

The precise integration method proposed for linear time-invariant homogeneous dynamic systems can provide accurate numerical results that approach an exact solution at integration points. However, difficulties arise when the algorithm is used for non-homogeneous dynamic systems due to the inverse matrix calculation required. In this paper, the structural dynamic equalibrium equations are converted into a special form, the inverse matrix calculation is replaced by the Crout decomposition method to solve the dynamic equilibrium equations, and the precise integration method without the inverse matrix calculation is obtained. The new algorithm enhances the present precise integration method by improving both the computational accuracy and efficiency. Two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Application in metal rheological forming of element-free Galerkin method

The element-free method is a new numerical technique presented in recent years.It uses the moving least square(MLS) approximation as its shape function,and it is determined by the basic function and weight function.The weight function is the mainly determining factor,so it greatly affects the accuracy of the computational results.The element-free Galerkin method(EFGM) was applied for the solution to plastic large deformation.The simulation of metal rheological forming was successfully done by programming and its results were visualized by using the plotting and data analyses software Tecplot.Then plastic strain under different stages during rheological forming and the three principal stresses at the last deformation were obtained.The example shows the feasibility of EFGM used for metal rheological forming and provides a new method for numerical simulation of rheological forming of complex parts.

HIGH ORDER NUMERICAL METHODS TO TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAVISIDE FUNCTION INTEGRALS

In this paper we design and analyze a class of high order numerical methods to two dimensional Heaviside function integrals. Inspired by our high order numerical methods to two dimensional delta function integrals [19], the methods comprise approximating the mesh cell restrictions of the Heaviside function integral. In each mesh cell the two dimen- sional Heaviside function integral can be rewritten as a one dimensional ordinary integral with the integrand being a one dimensional Heaviside function integral which is smooth on several subsets of the integral interval. Thus the two dimensional Heaviside function inte- gral is approximated by applying standard one dimensional high order numerical quadra- tures and high order numerical methods to one dimensional Heaviside function integrals. We establish error estimates for the method which show that the method can achieve any desired accuracy by assigning the corresponding accuracy to the sub-algorithms. Numerical examples are presented showing that the in this paper achieve or exceed the expected second to fourth-order methods implemented accuracy.

Solving Systems of Volterra Integral Equations with Cardinal Splines

This work is a continuation of the earlier article [1]. We establish new numerical methods for solving systems of Volterra integral equations with cardinal splines. The unknown functions are expressed as a linear combination of horizontal translations of certain cardinal spline functions with small compact supports. Then a simple system of equations on the coefficients is acquired for the system of integral equations. It is relatively straight forward to solve the system of unknowns and an approximation of the original solution with high accuracy is achieved. Several cardinal splines are applied in the paper to enhance the accuracy. The sufficient condition for the existence of the inverse matrix is examined and the convergence rate is investigated. We demonstrated the value of the methods using several examples.

不连续界面渗流的堤防防渗膜防渗效果模拟研究

垂直防渗膜在堤防工程渗流控制方面有着广泛的应用,但在防渗膜周围水力梯度场的渗流计算方面仍然存在计算精度低等问题。为研究含材料、防渗体、防渗膜等不连续界面的渗流场分布规律,引入节点连续型权函数的数值流形方法,通过对比有限元法和数值流形法针对含不连续界面渗流水头和水力梯度分布规律的模拟结果,验证了数值流形法求解含不连续界面渗流问题的优势,与有限元法相比,数值流形法前处理更为简单且改进后的方法可以更准确地计算不连续界面处的水力梯度。以分淮入沂整治工程为例,采用节点连续型权函数的数值流形方法,研究有无垂直铺膜、铺膜长度、铺膜缺陷位置对堤防渗流的影响规律。结果表明:防渗膜插入黏土层后,防渗效果明显增强;膜破损后对渗流场的影响程度主要取决于破损位置所在地层,应当采取合理措施避免易渗地层中铺膜的破损。

第二类Fredholm模糊积分方程的模糊数值解

研究了一类模糊集意义下的第二类Fredholm模糊积分方程的数值解。采用残余幂级数法得到第二类Fredholm模糊积分方程的k级截断级数解,将第二类Fredholm模糊积分方程的数值解用泰勒光滑公式展开,并通过代数方程组求解出相关系数。最后,结合数值算例证明了残余幂级数方法的稳定性和收敛性。

紧支试函数加权残值法

将紧支函数引入加权残值法中,提出了紧支试函数加权残值法,其数值格式具有和有限元相似的窄带系数矩阵,提高了加权残值法的计算效率.在紧支试函数加权残值的基础上,导出了紧支试函数直接配点法、紧支试函数Hermite配点法和紧支试函数最小二乘配点法的具体格式,并且对几个典型算例进行了分析.与配点法相比,这些方法精度高,稳定性好,而与Galerkin法相比,这些方法效率高.

基于RWG基函数的伽略金法中奇异性积分的精确快速计算

利用电磁场积分方程的伽略金法求解理想导体电磁散射问题时需要计算奇异性的二重面积分(即4维积分).伽略金法的基函数和检验函数广泛采用RWG(RaoWiltonGlisson)矢量基函数.传统上采用奇异值提取技术和Duffy坐标变换法处理该奇异性积分,本文提出了一种更为精确和高效的计算方法,该新方法通过参数坐标变换、相对坐标变换、积分区域分解和广义Duffy坐标变换相结合的技术消除了被积函数的奇异性并降低了原4维奇异性积分的数值积分维数.通过计算实例证明该方法的精确性和高收敛特性.

基于扩展有限元的应力强度因子计算精度研究

应力强度因子(Stress intensity factor,SIF)是判断已有裂缝是否扩展的物理量,其计算精度对地裂缝扩展模拟具有重要影响.基于扩展有限元的互作用积分法是一种常用的计算开裂问题应力强度因子的方法,其数值积分中的权函数通常为平台型或金字塔型,但目前对权函数的选取以及权函数对应力强度因子计算的影响研究得很少.针对不同形式的权函数提出了统一的计算公式,并引入权函数因子来进一步控制权函数的具体形式;提出了非平台型的权函数的修正方法,以提高应力强度因子的计算精度;讨论了权函数因子以及积分区域因子对应力强度因子计算精度的影响,并通过算例进行了计算.结果表明,当积分区域因子为3~5,采用修正的权函数且权函数因子取1~3时,应力强度因子的计算精度最高.

基于进化策略方法求任意函数的数值积分

提出了两种基于进化策略求任意函数数值积分的新方法,其中方法一是基于混合基函数进化策略的数值积分算法;方法二是基于不等距点分割的进化策略数值积分算法.两种算法都采用适用于高维优化问题的单基因突变进化策略,使得该算法不但能计算通常意义下任意函数的定积分,而且能计算奇异函数积分和振荡函数积分.最后给出几个数值积分算例,并与传统数值积分方法作了比较,仿真结果分析表明,两种算法十分有效,能够快速有效地获得任意函数的数值积分值.

用于非线性动力分析的一种高效精细积分单步法

针对非线性动力状态方程v=H·v+f(v,t),结合精细积分法和Romberg数值积分,对计算过程中待求的v_(k+j/m)(j=1,2,…,m),利用当前时刻vk,通过二阶龙格库塔法进行预估,提出了一种避免状态矩阵求逆的高效精细积分单步法。该方法计算格式统一,易于编程,通过选取m值,可进行不同计算精度的计算。与两种单步法、一次预-校法及预估校正-辛时间子域法进行数值比较,计算结果表明,该方法具有高精度、高效率及较好的稳定性。在求解多自由度、强非线性动力响应问题中具有较大优势。