Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Submerged Depth of the Grid and Direction of Incident Wave on Gravity Cage

In this paper, the numerical model of the net cage with the grid mooring system in waves is set up by the lumped mass method and rigid kinematics theory, and then the motion equations of floating system, net system, mooring system, and floaters are solved by the Runge-Kutta fifth-order method. For the verification of the numerical model, a series of physical model tests have been carried out. According to the comparisons between the simulated and experimental results, it can be found that the simulated and experimental results agree well in each condition. Then, the effects of submerged depth of grid and direction of incident wave propagation on hydrodynamic behaviors of the net cage are analyzed. According to the simulated results, it can be found that with the increase of submerged depth of grid, the forces acting on mooring lines and bridle lines increase, while the forces on grid lines decrease; the horizontal motion amplitudes of floating collar decrease obviously, while the vertical motion amplitudes of floating collar change little. When the direction of incident wave propagation changes, forces on mooring lines and motion of net cage also change accordingly. When the propagation direction of incident wave changes from 0° to 45°, forces on the main ropes and bridle ropes increase, while the forces on the grid ropes decrease. With the increasing propagation direction of incident wave, the horizontal amplitude of the forces collar decreases, while the vertical amplitude of the floating collar has little variation.

Numerical simulation of wind-driven circulation and pollutant transport in Taihu Lake based on a quadtree grid

In this study,a two-dimensional flow-pollutant coupled model was developed based on a quadtree grid.This model was established to allow the accurate simulation of wind-driven flow in a large-scale shallow lake with irregular natural boundaries when focusing on important smallscale localized flow features.The quadtree grid was created by domain decomposition.The governing equations were solved using the finite volume method,and the normal fluxes of mass,momentum,and pollutants across the interface between cells were computed by means of a Godunov-type Osher scheme.The model was employed to simulate wind-driven flow in a circular basin with non-uniform depth.The computed values were in agreement with analytical data.The results indicate that the quadtree grid has fine local resolution and high efficiency,and is convenient for local refinement.It is clear that the quadtree grid model is effective when applied to complex flow domains.Finally,the model was used to calculate the flow field and concentration field of Taihu Lake,demonstrating its ability to predict the flow and concentration fields in an actual water area with complex geometry.

Overlapping Grid Technique for Numerical Simulation of a Fast-Cruising Catamaran Fitted with Active T-Foils

In marine engineering,appendages such as fin stabilizers and/or T-foils are made to rotate and to reduce the motion of ships.Research on the hydrodynamics of ships fitted with active appendages has significantly improved the design and control of such ships.However,most studies focus on fixed rather than rotating appendages,thereby ignoring the hydrodynamic unsteadiness of active appendages.To enhance the reliability and precision of the numerical simulations,we propose the use of overlapping grids for simulating advanced catamarans fitted with a pair of rotating T-foils under each bow.The fundamental purpose of the overlapping grid technique is to realize information exchange via regional overlap sharing in each subdomain of the computing domain,instead of using the method of boundary sharing,thus greatly alleviating the difficulty of generating the subdomain grid;moreover,the technique guarantees the quality of the subdomain grid.Within the main computational domain,a subdomain was allocated to accommodate the T-foil.Overlapping meshes near the interface between the two domains enable information flow during the simulation;the overlapping grids are updated at every iteration step because the subdomain rotates.The instantaneous trim and sinkage responses of the catamaran to the T-foil rotation were reproduced.From the moment the active T-foil stopped moving,there was no change in the ship’s sailing attitude,indicating that the response was in real time.By comparing with EFD data,the numerical results showed reasonable agreement,indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of the technique in simulating the hydrodynamics of ships fitted with active appendages.

Effects of mesh style and grid convergence on numerical simulation accuracy of centrifugal pump

In order to evaluate the effects of mesh generation techniques and grid convergence on pump performance in centrifugal pump model, three widely used mesh styles including structured hexahedral, unstructured tetrahedral and hybrid prismatic/tetrahedral meshes were generated for a centrifugal pump model. And quantitative grid convergence was assessed based on a grid convergence index(GCI), which accounts for the degree of grid refinement. The structured, unstructured or hybrid meshes are found to have certain difference for velocity distributions in impeller with the change of grid cell number. And the simulation results have errors to different degrees compared with experimental data. The GCI-value for structured meshes calculated is lower than that for the unstructured and hybrid meshes. Meanwhile, the structured meshes are observed to get more vortexes in impeller passage.Nevertheless, the hybrid meshes are found to have larger low-velocity area at outlet and more secondary vortexes at a specified location than structured meshes and unstructured meshes.

Numerical Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Wave-Induced Currents on Unstructured Grid

By coupling the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with the wave model, numerical simulations of the three- dimensional wave-induced current are carried out in this study. The wave model is based on the numerical solution of the modified wave action equation and eikonal equation, which can describe the wave refraction and diffraction. The hydrodynamic model is driven by the wave-induced radiation stresses and affected by the wave turbulence. The numerical implementation of the module has used the finite-volume schemes on unstructured grid, which provides great flexibility for modeling the waves and currents in the complex actual nearshore, and ensures the conservation of energy propagation. The applicability of the proposed model is evaluated in calculating the cases of wave set-up, longshore currents, undertow on a sloping beach, rip currents and meandering longshore currents on a tri-cuspate beach. The results indicate that it is necessary to introduce the depth-dependent radiation stresses into the numerical simulation of wave-induced currents, and comparisons show that the present model makes better prediction on the wave procedure as well as both horizontal and vertical structures in the wave-induced current field.

The research analysis of aerodynamic numerical simulation of grid fin

This paper presents the results of an investigation to use arc-length mesh generation and finite volume TVD scheme to calculate Euler equations for predicting the effect of geometry parameters in reducing the drag force and improving the lift-drag ratio of grid fin in the supersonic flow regime. The effects of frame and web, whose cross section shape and thickness and spacing,on the aerodynamic character of the grid fin were studied. Calculations were made at Mach 2.5 and several angles of attack. The results were validated by comparing the computed aerodynamic coefficients against wind tunnel experimental data. Good agreement was found between computed and experimental results. The computed results suggest that parameters of the grid fin's frame have the greatest effect on the grid fin aerodynamic character, especially on its drag force. It was concluded proper choice of appropriate grid fin geometry parameters could reduce the drag force and improve the lift-drag ratios.

A New Method to Determine the Grid Directions in Reservoir Numerical Simulation

Grid direction selection and grid size design are two important elements that need to be considered in the grid direction design in reservoir numerical simulation. Reservoir engineers normally utilize geological data (such as the distribution of fractures, low permeability zones, faults and major stress) and simulation experiences to design the grid direction of simulation model qualitatively. The research of the paper indicates that the key to determine the grid direction is to determine the principal permeability direction. Under the circumstances of few static materials, a new grid direction determination method has been developed by using field data (well location map and inter-well permeability) on the bases of Darcy’s law and tensor analysis theory. The grid direction of WZ11-7 Oilfield simulation model has been determined using four production wells and two production zones (L1 and L3) in WZ11-7-2 well group, the results are in conformity with the geological studied major stress. Therefore, this method can give insights into the numerical simulation study.

翅形扰流片作用下的微通道换热特性

基于有限体积(FVM)离散方法和动网格技术,模拟三维矩形微通道内的翅形扰流片的主动扰流换热情况。模拟条件为层流Reynolds数50~250,扰流片的运动频率(f)10~50 Hz。结果表明,不同运动频率下的Nusselt数、摩阻系数(fr)及综合评价因子(PEC)均在一定范围内呈现类正弦变化,其周期与扰流片运动周期相同。在Re=50、f=10~50工况下,扰流片作用下的微通道PEC为0.75~1.52,并随频率的增加而上升。特别是在低频范围内,PEC表现出一定的单调性。通过引入翅形扰流片,微通道的传热效率得到了显著的提高,相较于光滑矩形微通道(PEC=1),在Re=50、f=10 Hz工况下PEC提高了5%,在Re=50、f=50 Hz的条件下PEC提高了30%。

不同偏心角摆线推进器水动力性能数值模拟

通过数值模拟对摆线推进器水动力性能进行研究.分析摆线推进器流场特性、瞬时荷载变化规律及转向性能.采用重叠网格与滑移网格方法相结合进行网格划分,选择合适的湍流模型计算摆线推进器水动力性能,并与试验值进行对比,验证数值模拟的有效性与准确性.通过数值模拟得到了进速系数与偏心率对摆线推进器水动力性能的影响规律和摆线推进器瞬时荷载变化规律.在此基础上,对偏心角不为0°的摆线推进器进行研究,获得了偏心角对摆线推进器推力的影响规律.结果表明,摆线推进器可以通过改变偏心率改变推力大小,在不改变旋转方向的情况下通过改变偏心角改变推力方向.进速系数为零时,摆线推进器产生合力方向与前进方向夹角等于偏心角;进速系数对摆线推进器合力大小和方向均会产生影响,进速系数越大,前进方向推力越小,合力角度与偏心角差值越大.

基于重叠网格的固定翼无人机尾流冲浪参数研究

在编队飞行中合理利用尾流冲浪技术,可使得后机获取明显的增升性能。基于该原理,按照候鸟迁徙飞行时所排成“V”字形设计了两架固定翼无人机组成的编队;利用CFD绘制无人机与流体域的重叠网格,对该飞行编队进行了数值模拟;并对飞行编队的气动参数进行了分析。研究结果表明:在气动作用下,尾流冲浪效应对前机的影响很小,对后机的影响明显;双机纵向间隔和垂直间隔对后机的升力系数、阻力系数、升阻比、俯仰力矩等参数均有影响;后机在合适的位置和迎角下,升力系数可提升11.7%。

可调汽蚀文氏管调节精度影响因素的动态仿真

面向工程应用研究了可调汽蚀文氏管调节精度的影响因素,采用FLUENT中的Schnerr-Sauer混合流体空穴模型,对设计的可调汽蚀文氏管流量线性度、内部流动特性进行了动态条件下的数值模拟,并研究了偏心和反向运动对调节精度的影响。结果表明:可调汽蚀文氏管由于调节锥初始运动阶段并未进入喉部,导致汽蚀段长度增加从而降低精度;流量线性度在运动初期受节流面影响而降低,百分比流量在12%~70%范围内线性度最好,精度最高;流量变化速率对汽蚀文氏管调节精度影响在5%以内;调节锥偏心0.02 mm和0.05 mm时对汽蚀区长度调节精度影响在20%以内,而0.10 mm偏心时提高至40%,此时渐扩段汽蚀区产生偏移,压力分布不均,上侧增大而下侧降低,从而导致压力振荡;不同偏心值对喉部流量调节精度影响均在4%以内;调节锥反向运动会由于初始汽蚀段长度过短导致汽蚀特性减弱,汽蚀区变化速率减缓,流量调节精度影响在3%以内。

等螺距螺杆真空泵内气体流动的数值模拟研究

应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对螺杆干式真空泵进行数值模拟计算,建立了针对螺杆干式真空泵流场的分析方法。对泵腔中流动区域进行三维建模,采用SCORG和ANSYS-ICEM软件对转动域和固定域分别进行了网格划分,利用瞬态模拟方法得到了泵内压力场、速度场和温度场的分布情况,并计算出抽气速率等参数。网格无关性分析结果与理论数据对比表明数值模拟结果可靠,符合预期。

托普台南区块断溶体油藏栅状断片结构数值模拟

塔河油田托普台南区块断溶体油藏开发初期产量高,后期暴性水淹和快速见水井多,产量递减快,针对此类特征,目前尚未建立较好的模拟方法。结合断溶体油藏岩溶特征、地震特征、实钻井井储关系以及三带结构提出断溶体油藏栅状断片结构,根据此认识,通过融合断层自动提取技术和蚂蚁体属性,得到断裂指示因子,用以刻画栅状断片储集体,利用张量属性刻画溶蚀孔洞型储集体,建立双重介质组分模型,开展数值模拟研究。结果表明:栅状断片结构是断溶体油藏的主要导流通道;断裂指示因子比断层自动提取技术和最大似然更适合表征栅状断片结构,并在通水源处与张量属性匹配度高,在其他区域匹配性差;与单重介质模型相比,基于栅状断片结构的双重介质模型拟合精度更高,更能反映断溶体油藏生产动态特征。

往复泵进液阀阀球运动特性研究及多目标优化

为了研究往复泵泵阀内阀球运动特性并优化其性能,借助动网格及UDF技术,对往复泵进液过程中阀球运动与泵阀流场进行耦合计算和试验验证,得到阀球运动规律,并分析阀球质量、阀导套导流孔结构以及阀套限位高度等对泵阀运动及性能的影响。为进一步优化模型,寻找到最优泵阀结构组合方案,提出构建径向基神经网络(RBFNN)代理模型,借助多目标粒子群(MOPSO)算法得到其Pareto最优解集的优化框架并验证分析。结果表明:阀球运动升程整体呈现先增大后减小的变化规律,受阀隙流速和液动力影响很大;阀球质量、阀导套导流孔对数以及阀套限位高度等与阀球最大升程和落座速度均存在非线性关系;基于RBFNN代理模型结合MOPSO算法寻找到最优组合模型,优化后阀球最大升程提高了8.12 mm,阀球落座速度减小了31.4%,优化效果显著。研究结果可为往复泵的优化设计提供参考。

The numerical simulation for a 3D two-phase anisotropic medium based on BISQ model

Biot-flow and squirt-flow are the two most important fluid flow mechanisms in porous media containing fluids. Based on the BISQ （Biot-Squirt） model where the two mechanisms are treated simultaneously, the elastic wave-field simulation in the porous medium is limited to two-dimensions and two-components （2D2C） or two-dimensions and three-components （2D3C）. There is no previous report on wave simulation in three- dimensions and three-components. Only through three dimensional numerical simulations can we have an overall understanding of wave field coupling relations and the spatial distribution characteristics between the solid and fluid phases in the dual-phase anisotropic medium. In this paper, based on the BISQ equation, we present elastic wave propagation in a three dimensional dual-phase anisotropic medium simulated by the staggered-grid high-order finite-difference method. We analyze the resulting wave fields and show that the results are an improvement.

不溶性腐蚀产物在棒束通道内沉积的数值模拟

在压水堆运行期间,高压过冷态的冷却剂对燃料棒、堆内构件等部件进行冲刷,以及受管道流体加速腐蚀等效应的影响,堆内会产生不溶性的腐蚀产物,其在堆芯通道内的迁移、沉积会对压水堆的安全性和经济性产生显著影响。本研究提出了压水堆堆芯燃料棒束通道内颗粒沉积的数值模拟方法,基于单相流体标准k-ε模型和颗粒离散相模型,构建了粒状腐蚀产物流动沉积数学物理模型,结合颗粒流动-沉积特性实验的实验结果,验证了该模型的可行性和有效性,开展了不溶性粒状腐蚀产物在5×5带格架棒束通道中流动沉积研究,获得了粒状腐蚀产物在棒束通道内的沉积特性:流体中颗粒浓度在经过格架后明显减少;进口截面处的颗粒浓度在固体壁面较高,出口截面处的颗粒浓度则分布得更均匀;入口处棒束表面及壁面的颗粒沉积呈现为大面积附着沉积,格架表面、其余棒束表面和壁面的颗粒沉积呈现为点状附着沉积。

基于运动嵌套网格的直升机旋翼/机身/平尾干扰流场模拟分析

基于运动嵌套网格方法建立了一套针对直升机旋翼/机身/平尾非定常干扰流场的数值模拟方法,并通过ROBIN机身和Caradonna&Tung旋翼算例进行了验证。应用该方法计算了悬停和前飞状态下直-9直升机旋翼/机身/平尾干扰流场,并与孤立旋翼、孤立机身流场的数值模拟结果进行了对比,分析了不同前飞速度下的旋翼/机身/平尾非定常气动干扰规律。计算结果表明,机身对旋翼诱导速度的干扰具有很强的方向性,并且会导致旋翼桨尖涡涡管畸变,引起旋翼拉力系数波动峰峰值增加;在旋翼下洗流作用下,机身/平尾表面呈现出复杂的非定常压力分布;随前进比增大,旋翼尾流远离平尾区域,气动干扰显著减弱。

基于动网格6DOF模型的框架式流速仪水力特性数值模拟与明渠测流速率常数预测

为分析明渠内框架式流速仪流场特性与运动姿态,同时对流速仪倍常数K和摩阻系数C进行率定,根据不可压缩流体流动的Navier-Stokes方程和SST k-ω湍流模型,结合VOF多相流模型,建立动态网格下的6自由度(6DOF)刚体动力学耦合数值仿真模型,对水冲击流速仪旋桨使之被动旋转过程进行了仿真,分析了流速仪在不同位置对流速仪倍常数K和摩阻系数C的影响规律。结果表明:采用动网格6DOF模型可以较好地模拟框架式流速仪在明渠的流动状态,仿真结果可靠性较高;通过对不同时刻转速与流速拟合曲线分析可知,流速仪位置不同会影响流速仪摩阻系数C,对流速仪倍常数K影响不大。研究结果可为进一步研究框架式流速仪优化和不同含沙水流条件下对流速仪的磨损提供参考。

次网格非均匀性对区域气象环境模拟的影响研究——以长三角城市群为例

长三角地区是我国城镇化程度最高的地区之一,下垫面存在典型的非均匀性特征,复杂下垫面结构甚至体现在亚公里级尺度.为了探讨城镇化背景下土地利用精细化对气象环境的影响,本文利用高分辨率土地利用数据探讨了次网格非均匀性对长三角地区气象环境模拟的影响.在基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model)模式对2020和2022年夏季的数值模拟过程中,分别采用Noah_mosaic/Noah陆面方案开展是否考虑次网格非均匀性的高分辨率敏感性试验.结果表明,相比Noah方案,Noah_mosaic方案模拟结果与观测的相关性更高,误差更小,说明其能更好地反映城市群区域复杂下垫面物理过程.考虑次网格非均匀性后,城区变冷变湿,郊区变暖变干,这种变化在夜间更为显著,尤其是温度场,白天城区/郊区平均温度变化为-0.04℃/0.05℃,夜间城区/郊区平均温度变化为-0.14℃/0.53℃.非均匀性对模拟结果的影响可达到400 m高空,特别是在夜间增加了郊区大气的不稳定性.同时,夜间几乎整个陆地区域内的体感温度增加约0.27℃.此外,研究还发现当格点中建筑占比小于50%时,除了日最低温T_(min)以外,气象要素随着建筑占比的增加变化幅度较大,T_(mean)和T_(max)增率分别达到0.29℃/10%和0.55℃/10%,反之,则T_(mean)和T_(max)增率仅为0.1℃/10%和0.06℃/10%,这说明低建筑密度区域的小城镇未来发展将对气象环境产生更大的影响.

船用三叶涵道螺旋桨气动特性的数值模拟与分析

为研究某型在研应急救援气垫船上搭载的三叶涵道螺旋桨的气动特性,基于滑移网格方法建立涵道螺旋桨流场数值预报模型。设计3套不同疏密程度的非结构与结构混合网格方案进行不确定度分析,将NASA涵道螺旋桨的数值计算结果与实验数据进行比较,验证本文建立的数值模型具有较好的可靠性和准确性。基于建立的数值模型,分别计算了孤立螺旋桨和涵道螺旋桨在不同转速下的复杂流动。结果表明,相同转速下,涵道螺旋桨总推力系数较孤立螺旋桨增加10%,工作效率提高25%;涵道扩大了螺旋桨前部低压区的分布范围;涵道壁改变了螺旋桨桨尖流线特性,抑制了桨尖涡的形成,减少了能量损失;该型螺旋桨孤立状态下静推力为470 N,不能满足该型气垫船设计要求,加上涵道后其静推力为516 N,航行状态下推力为327 N,均能满足设计要求。