A history of the formation of the first Buddhist Sangha in Japan in VI c. A.D. could serve as an example of the unique history of interaction between Buddhism and Japanese autochthonous religion Shinto. The first Budd...A history of the formation of the first Buddhist Sangha in Japan in VI c. A.D. could serve as an example of the unique history of interaction between Buddhism and Japanese autochthonous religion Shinto. The first Buddhist Sangha in Japan, at the same time was also a female Buddhist community of nuns in this country. It could be assumed that the choice of the women, designed to embody the Dharma in Japan, was not accidental and was driven by the perception of the Buddha image at the time of its introduction in Japan in VI century, especially to compare with the hagiographies of Tibetan yoginis （Machig LabdrSn, Yeshe Tsogyal） and Chinese nuns （＂Bikuni Zhuan＂） of V-VII cc. With a number of similarities （persecutions of the anti-Buddhists, desire to receive a full knowledge of Dharma）, the information of the first Japanese nuns still differ considerably from the hagiographies of yoginis and Chinese Buddhist nuns. The activity of first Japanese nuns, consisted in the worship of the statue of the Buddha, rather remind the shamanistic responsibilities of the Shinto priestesses, who were the intermediates between people and gods. This is reflected in the early Japanese description of Buddhist monks and nuns in Nihon ShOki, Gangoji Garan Engi and Nihon ryOiM as the Shamanistic priests and guardians of the Buddha-imase with a special magical status, rather than the preachers of Dharma, in comparison with the Tibetan and Chinese sources.展开更多
Louisa Ellis is a protagonist in "A New England Nun" which is written by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman.She deliberately refuses to marry her fiancé Joe after he returns from Australia where he wants to m...Louisa Ellis is a protagonist in "A New England Nun" which is written by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman.She deliberately refuses to marry her fiancé Joe after he returns from Australia where he wants to make a fortune.This paper aims at analyzing the complicated feelings of Louisa from a feminist angle.The conclusion is that she lives in a delicate no-man’s world so that she sees him—the carrier of masculine power as a threat to her serenity and security of a spinster’s life.展开更多
Caesar,the chained dog in“A New England Nun”by Mary Wilkins Freeman in 1891,has become the spotlight of discussion since its publication.Most critics have equated it with Louisa Ellis’s solitary spinsterhood rather...Caesar,the chained dog in“A New England Nun”by Mary Wilkins Freeman in 1891,has become the spotlight of discussion since its publication.Most critics have equated it with Louisa Ellis’s solitary spinsterhood rather than seeing it as a symbol of patriarchy.However,based on the close reading approach,a careful analysis of Caesar reveals that it is a symbol of patriarchy for its close connection with Joe Dagget.And the imprisonment of Caesar is of great significance to Louisa,unveiling her steadfast determination to break the shackle of patriarchy.展开更多
In"A New England Nun", it is no doubt that Louisa's choice of breaking engagement and remaining unmarried is strik-ing and rebellious in Mary W. Freeman's period of the end of 19th century in America...In"A New England Nun", it is no doubt that Louisa's choice of breaking engagement and remaining unmarried is strik-ing and rebellious in Mary W. Freeman's period of the end of 19th century in America. This thesis analyzes the protagonist Louisa from the perspective of Woman's self-awakening.展开更多
Most of the female images described by Mary E.Wilkins Freeman live within the traditional female sphere,such as yards,kitchens,churches and so on.However,Freeman gave these traditional female spaces impressive anti-tr...Most of the female images described by Mary E.Wilkins Freeman live within the traditional female sphere,such as yards,kitchens,churches and so on.However,Freeman gave these traditional female spaces impressive anti-traditional significance in her two short stories“A New England Nun”and“The Revolt of‘Mother’”.展开更多
The study identifies the extent of soil loss and proposes a method for prioritization of micro-watershed in the Nun Nadi watershed.The study used the Sediment Yield Index(SYI)method,based on weighted overlays of soil,...The study identifies the extent of soil loss and proposes a method for prioritization of micro-watershed in the Nun Nadi watershed.The study used the Sediment Yield Index(SYI)method,based on weighted overlays of soil,topography,rainfall erosivity and land use parameters in 24 micro watersheds.Accordingly the values and thematic layers were integrated as per the SYI model,and minimum and maximum sediment yield values were calculated.The priority ranks as per the sediment yield values were assigned to all micro-watersheds.Then the values were classified into four priority zones according to their composite scores.Almost 14 percent area of three micro-watersheds(SW5b,SW6a and SW7b)showed very high priority;approximately 30.57 percent of the study area fell under the high priority zones.These areas require immediate attention.Conservation methods are suggested,and the locations of check dams are proposed after considering drainage,slope and soil loss.&2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press.Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
文摘A history of the formation of the first Buddhist Sangha in Japan in VI c. A.D. could serve as an example of the unique history of interaction between Buddhism and Japanese autochthonous religion Shinto. The first Buddhist Sangha in Japan, at the same time was also a female Buddhist community of nuns in this country. It could be assumed that the choice of the women, designed to embody the Dharma in Japan, was not accidental and was driven by the perception of the Buddha image at the time of its introduction in Japan in VI century, especially to compare with the hagiographies of Tibetan yoginis （Machig LabdrSn, Yeshe Tsogyal） and Chinese nuns （＂Bikuni Zhuan＂） of V-VII cc. With a number of similarities （persecutions of the anti-Buddhists, desire to receive a full knowledge of Dharma）, the information of the first Japanese nuns still differ considerably from the hagiographies of yoginis and Chinese Buddhist nuns. The activity of first Japanese nuns, consisted in the worship of the statue of the Buddha, rather remind the shamanistic responsibilities of the Shinto priestesses, who were the intermediates between people and gods. This is reflected in the early Japanese description of Buddhist monks and nuns in Nihon ShOki, Gangoji Garan Engi and Nihon ryOiM as the Shamanistic priests and guardians of the Buddha-imase with a special magical status, rather than the preachers of Dharma, in comparison with the Tibetan and Chinese sources.
文摘Louisa Ellis is a protagonist in "A New England Nun" which is written by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman.She deliberately refuses to marry her fiancé Joe after he returns from Australia where he wants to make a fortune.This paper aims at analyzing the complicated feelings of Louisa from a feminist angle.The conclusion is that she lives in a delicate no-man’s world so that she sees him—the carrier of masculine power as a threat to her serenity and security of a spinster’s life.
文摘Caesar,the chained dog in“A New England Nun”by Mary Wilkins Freeman in 1891,has become the spotlight of discussion since its publication.Most critics have equated it with Louisa Ellis’s solitary spinsterhood rather than seeing it as a symbol of patriarchy.However,based on the close reading approach,a careful analysis of Caesar reveals that it is a symbol of patriarchy for its close connection with Joe Dagget.And the imprisonment of Caesar is of great significance to Louisa,unveiling her steadfast determination to break the shackle of patriarchy.
文摘In"A New England Nun", it is no doubt that Louisa's choice of breaking engagement and remaining unmarried is strik-ing and rebellious in Mary W. Freeman's period of the end of 19th century in America. This thesis analyzes the protagonist Louisa from the perspective of Woman's self-awakening.
文摘Most of the female images described by Mary E.Wilkins Freeman live within the traditional female sphere,such as yards,kitchens,churches and so on.However,Freeman gave these traditional female spaces impressive anti-traditional significance in her two short stories“A New England Nun”and“The Revolt of‘Mother’”.
文摘The study identifies the extent of soil loss and proposes a method for prioritization of micro-watershed in the Nun Nadi watershed.The study used the Sediment Yield Index(SYI)method,based on weighted overlays of soil,topography,rainfall erosivity and land use parameters in 24 micro watersheds.Accordingly the values and thematic layers were integrated as per the SYI model,and minimum and maximum sediment yield values were calculated.The priority ranks as per the sediment yield values were assigned to all micro-watersheds.Then the values were classified into four priority zones according to their composite scores.Almost 14 percent area of three micro-watersheds(SW5b,SW6a and SW7b)showed very high priority;approximately 30.57 percent of the study area fell under the high priority zones.These areas require immediate attention.Conservation methods are suggested,and the locations of check dams are proposed after considering drainage,slope and soil loss.&2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press.Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
