Parents'and teachers'expectations of school nurse roles:A scale development study

Objectives:Many studies concerning the roles and functions of school nurses exist,however,such studies are very limited in Turkey and there is any research on a comprehensive measuring tool that can evaluate teachers'and parents'perceptions and expectations of school nurses roles.The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable assessment tool that can be used to determine parents'and teachers'expectations of school nurse's roles.Methods:For the methodological research"Parents'and Teachers'Expectations of School Nurse's Roles"scale was designed and administered at primary and high schools in Turkey.To assess the data,assessment of item variability,internal consistency,factor analysis,correlations between the scale and subscales,and test-retest reliability were utilized.Results:The content validity index for the scale was 0.94.As a result of core components analysis varimax rotation,7 factors were obtained from 54 items.Cronbach'sαcoefficient for the factors ranged from 0.82 to 0.92.The intra-class correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability was 0.859,P<0.001.Conclusions:The scale was a rather valid and reliable assessment tool in determining the parents'and teachers'expectations of school nurses'roles.

At the intersection of science and theory: How the Nurse Role Integration Model reconciles the conflict

As more nurses embrace precision science,there is a tendency to utilize theoretical frameworks from other disciplines thus,placing nursing at risk of losing its autonomy and independence.The discipline has fallen prey to internal binary opposition,eliminating opportunities to engage in civil discourse.To explore how the roles nurses select might fit together in a theoretical framework and help nurses understand how the roles they choose to support their identity as nurses,this paper introduced a model of nursing that includes the bench scientists,the policy activists,and bedside nurses,using the Neuman Systems Model(NSM).The Nurse Role Integration Model(NRIM)espouses the basic tenets of NSM:prevention counteracts stressors from penetrating the client's lines of defense thus,reducing stress response.Primary prevention reflects the work of the nurse bench scientists,investigating the underlying mechanisms behind pathophysiology;secondary prevention is applied nurse scientists who build upon nurse researchers'work,identifying and testing potential interventions;tertiary prevention is nurse policy activists,the fulcrum,who leverage primary and secondary findings to argue policy change at all levels.Once policy change is adopted,bedside nurses are educated and implement the change.This lens provides an opportunity to create greater solidarity,strengthening the unity and autonomy of the discipline.