大学生寝室矛盾的预防和化解

本文从大学生寝室常见矛盾入手,提出了人文关怀、心理疏导以及柔性化、系统化、人本化等预防和化解大学生寝室矛盾的方法。

论域名与商标权的冲突及其解决

互联网域名的全球惟一性和商标相对的非惟一性形成了域名和商标权的冲突。本文阐述了域名和商标权的概念、域名和商标权冲突的表现形式,并对域名和商标权的冲突提出了解决途径。

物理发展过程辩证分析

对立统一规律、质量互变规律、否定之否定规律是唯物辩证法的三个基本规律,社会科学和自然科学的发展无不遵守这些基本规律。物理作为一门自然科学,它包含了辨证唯物主义丰富的内容,在它的整个发展过程中也始终遵守辨证唯物主义的基本规律,本文以经典物理学与近代物理学的发展过程为例说明了自然辩证法在物理学发展过程中的作用。

阿里云操作系统与谷歌Android争端深度分析

2012年9月以来谷歌与阿里巴巴的操作系统争端,实质上其反映了开源技术的快速发展导致技术扩散,与行业领先者利用规则防止自身利益随之弥散二者之间的深刻矛盾。维护Android产业生态统一是谷歌挑起此次事件的直接原因,阿里云公司确对Android应用生态构成直接威胁,但其并没有义务维护谷歌基于Android的战略利益。无论从法律层面还是从现行行业通行规则层面来看,阿里云的行为不存在瑕疵,而此次事件的发展也可能对我国的产业安全产生不利影响。

框架理论指导下的汉语商标英译

在商标英译时,中西方读者因生活经验和文化背景等差异会造成框架差异或框架冲突,本文试图论述这种框架差异产生的原因、表现,并提出处理这种问题的方法。商标翻译应了解接受国的文化传统以及消费心理,对民族风俗、民族间性格气质差异、价值取向、宗教信仰差异、审美情趣差异给予必要的尊重。译者在翻译之前,应认真分析译入语接受者、接受环境及其种种制约因素,在目的语中提供激活框架的语言表达式,达到翻译的最终目的。

Perceptions of nurses in Japan toward their patients' expectations of care: A qualitative study

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate ideal nurse involvement based on the expectations of patients.Data on conflicts between nurses and patients were obtained.The patient situation involved standard nursing treatment,rather than acute phase or palliative care.Methods: Questionnaires were distributed among senior nurses attending a series of trainings in 2012 and 2013.The nurses were requested to return their completed questionnaires within two weeks.We ensured the effectiveness of the interview process to obtain accurate answers.The sample comprised 240 head nurses and assistant head nurses who were asked to respond anonymously to 57 questions about non-acute (stable) psychiatric or physical nurse-patient scenarios.Qualitative data analysis was conducted using these responses.Results: We received 41 completed responses (response rate =17.1%).The expectations of patients and their families were reflected in five categories,namely,inference,empathic understanding,listening attitude,individual treatment,and reliable skills and explanations.Inference was independently categorized as a particularly strong characteristic of Japanese patients' expectations.Conclusions: Nursing care in situations where conflicts or misunderstandings may arise can be improved by encouraging nurses to be attentive to the moods,feelings,and expectations of patients and their families.The findings from this study can improve the quality of Japanese nursing care with regard to sensing (inferring) and reacting to the expectations of patients.

健康体检中护患矛盾对护士心理健康状况的影响及应对措施

目的研究健康体检中护患矛盾时护士的心理状况,以减少护士因焦虑、抑郁等情绪在体检中引发的护患矛盾,为开展体检中心护士的心理咨询、健康教育提供理论支持。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90),调查我院体检中心护士35名的心理健康状况,并复习2010-01—2013-11调查的69 130人次的客户满意度,对体检者提出的860条建议进行梳理分析。结果体检中心的护士躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁症状因子分值高于全国女性常模(P<0.01或P<0.05),而敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性症状因子分值与全国常模无明显差异(P>0.05)。护患矛盾的主要表现为候检时间久、服务意识不强、沟通能力不足、业务技术差、体检质量、应变能力不足、科室协调不够七个方面。结论护士不良的心理状况是造成护患矛盾因素之一,应积极探讨缓解体检中心护士心理压力的措施,做好护士的心理调适工作,避免护患矛盾的发生,提高体检质量。

Listen and talk to the older patients:a critical emancipatory reflection on the practice of communication issues

Objective: Reflection is a process of deliberating thinking and examining one's practice in the past and thereby encouraging nurses to make improvements in future care delivery. This work outlines a piece of reflection involving the practice of communication between nurses and the elderly, to emancipate the authors from their constraints, help to find values as practitioners, and gain a greater understanding of the nurse-patient relationship.Methods: Using Smyth's four-stage model as a guide, as well as empirical and theoretical knowledge on nurse-patient relationships, this paper presents a deep reflection on the relationship that the authors developed with elderly patients and their families, encountered during the practice as a nurse. By applying the four main stages consisting of describe, inform, confront, and reconstruct, this model enabled the authors to frame, describe the practice issue, and explore the meaning behind it, which helps to facilitate a structured reflection.Results: Critical emancipatory reflection, in association with the Espoused theory and Theory-in-use, as well as reflexivity, critical social theory, and hegemony, was applied to uncover the various power relationships and constraining forces in the authors' practice involved in communicating with the elderly, such as the underlying false consciousness, hegemony, hidden assumptions, influential values, and dominant power structure, which are subtle and persuasive. By applying this process of critical reflection, transformative practice could be achieved.Conclusions: The process of critical reflection facilitated the development of the abilities required to develop and maintain the nursepatient relationship. It helps to enhance the care of old patients and their families, which illuminates the future nursing practice.

Changes in Japanese Nurses’ Awareness of Patient Interactions Following a Japanese Tea Ceremony

This study provided foundational data for use in nursing interventional methods for improving nurse-patient relationships. This was a descriptive study on the effectiveness of a Japanese tea ceremony (in Japanese: chado) intervention for improving nurse-patient relationships. I conducted a Japanese tea ceremony and examined changes in nurses’ awareness regarding interactions with patients after this intervention. The tea ceremonies were conducted with the cooperation of an Urasenke tea ceremony lecturer. A quiet environment with chairs and tables was provided for all participants while they provided written answers to a descriptive survey, which was administered before and after the intervention;they required approximately 20 min to complete the survey. The mean length of each nurse’s description was 800 characters. The tea ceremony was effective in bringing about definite changes in nurses’ awareness concerning interactions with patients. This study is useful in that it suggests how nurses can maintain good interpersonal relationships with patients.

Features of Suffering Perceived by Japanese Patients in a Stable Condition: A Text Analysis

Objectives: We performed a text analysis of telephone consultation content regarding features of suffering (thoughts that patients cannot express to nurses) perceived by Japanese patients in a stable condition. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted by 8 telephone counselors who listened to patients’ suffering. Interview content was recorded verbatim, text was organized, and a text and association analysis was conducted (cluster analysis, bubble plot analysis, and a co-occurrence network analysis). Results: Seventy-two conversations were obtained and analyzed. It was confirmed that suffering as perceived by stable, Japanese patients had consistent concerns such as “lack of inference,” “privacy issues,” and “nurses’ not intervening on patients’ behalf.” Additionally, expectations of patients when patients are suffering are extremely diverse and were not characterized by specific tendencies. Conclusions: Emotions have a complicated influence in the context of Japanese patients’ suffering. It is necessary to consider the cultural background of expression in Japan to treat patients’ suffering.

Good Relations between Nurses and Patients: Spreading the Wings of Imagination, Protecting Patients’ Souls

Objective: To ascertain a method for building good nurse-patient relations from the narratives of veteran nurses who have accumulated profound nursing experience, and to show these phenomena in model form. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted, verbatim records of the contents of the interviews produced, and qualitative analysis undertaken. Results of analysis and concepts considered important were shown in model form. Results: Veteran nurses, utilizing their nursing specialization, showed “Concern as humans,” transcending their professional specialty. This was expressed as “spreading the wings of imagination” in order to know what is important to patients, and “protecting souls” in order to defend, together with patients, what is most important to the latter. “Spreading the wings of imagination to protect patients’ souls” became the key to build good nurse-patient relations. Conclusion: Nurses with deep experience expressed building good nurse-patient relations as “spreading the wings of imagination and protecting patients’ souls.” We were able to ascertain that in nursing practice, using the sensitivity of veteran nurses, is one way of manifesting nursing conduct.

Balancing the Inpatient-Nurse Relationship in Anorexia Care

Background: Nurses play a central role in the treatment of inpatients with anorexia, where bonding is a key factor. The inpatient-nurse relationship is based on a confident alliance characterized by important factors such as trust, confidentiality, responsiveness, genuineness, and consistency. Aim and Research Question: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ in-depth experiences of their relationship with nurses when hospitalized for anorexia. The research question was: How do women hospitalized due to anorexia nervosa experience the nurse-patient relationship? Method: A hermeneutic approach with in-depth interviews was employed. Five women with previous experience of inpatient care for anorexia were interviewed. Findings: The findings summarized how the women experienced the relationship with professional nurses in a ward characterized by a high degree of structure. The main theme Balancing feelings of emotional contradictions in the patient-nurse relationship was described by two sub-themes;Opening up for a care relationship in a rigid and structured ward atmosphere and Fluctuating in a paradox of conflicting feelings. Discussion: From the patients’ perspective, balancing the patient-nurse relationship when an inpatient involves conflicting emotional challenges. Structured interventions are perceived as effective by the patients, although they may be ambivalent about them. Therefore, a good relationship depends on the establishment of emotional and stable interaction with the nurses. Implications for Nursing Practice: Patients need interventions based on safe and competent quality care. A hermeneutic approach may improve the nurses’ ability to meet these patients in their lifeworld and establish a confident relationship. Special education related to anorexia care should be a priority in nursing.

大学新生心理冲突的成因及对策

大学新生心理冲突的成因主要有自身心理因素、家庭教育因素、学校教育因素、社会文化因素和时代背景因素五大方面.高校应通过多渠道建设健康积极的校园文化、加强与中学教育的衔接、持久有序地开展新生适应教育、构建心理帮扶网络体系、加强家校沟通等措施帮助大学新生适应大学生活,从而预防或减缓心理冲突.