The Correlation between Psychological Resilience and Professional Quality of Life in Saudi Psychiatric Nurses:A Cross-Sectional Study

In recent years,significant focus has been placed on resilience,with ongoing studies aiming to identify strategies for reducing the negative effects of job stress and protecting nurses from negative psychosocial outcomes.Nevertheless,as far as this topic is concerned,no research has yet been conducted in the context of Saudi psychiatric nurses.The aim of this research,therefore,is to determine how Saudi Arabian psychiatric nurses’professional quality of life and psychological resilience relate to one another.To this aim,a cross-sectional study has been performed in Saudi Arabia incorporating a population of 167(a 66.4%response rate)mental health nurses taken from the largest psychiatric hospital in the capital city Riyadh.Data collection was performed using the popular Arabic version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience and the Arabic version of the Professional Quality of Life Scales.To assess the variables related to both Professional Quality of Life and psychological resilience levels,statistical analyses such as Pearson correlation,ANOVA,t-tests,and linear regression were utilized.The findings show compassion satisfaction and burnout to have a moderate inverse relationship(r=−0.502),while compassion satisfaction(CS)and resilience have a moderate positive correlation(r=0.594).Compared to their morning-shift counterparts,nurses working night shifts reported higher mean scores for resilience(72.70),CS(40.20),burnout(24.52),and compassion fatigue(CF)(28.11).Participants with less than five years’experience in a psychiatric clinic had the highest mean resilience score(72.96).Finally,a positive relationship between resilience and compassion satisfaction(CS)was revealed using linear regression analysis(β=0.536,t=7.080,p=0.000).The study reveals significant differences in the scores assigned to resilience and work-life quality based on educational qualifications,shift-work type,and experiences.Burnout and compassion satisfaction(CS)are found to be significantly correlated,as are compassion satisfaction(CS)and resilience,and burnout and compassion fatigue(CF).

Nurses'critical thinking disposition and professional commitment:a cross-sectional study

Objective:High-quality and successful nursing care delivery in a variety of situations requires critical thinking training and professional commitment.The present study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition,professional commitment,and the relationship between these 2 variables among nurses.Methods:As a result of stratified random sampling,201 nurses were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study.Data were gathered using a socio-demographic form,the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CTDI),and the Nurses'Professional Commitment Scale(NPCS).Results:Although the critical thinking disposition scores were at a moderate level(115.70±13.55),the mean score for professional commitment was high(91.37±11.77).A positive correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and professional commitment(r=0.67,P=0.001).Conclusions:Nursing managers are urged to employ strategies to enhance nurses'critical thinking disposition and professional commitment.

A Survey of Correlation between Professional Identity and Clinical Competency of Psychiatric Nurses

Introduction: Clinical competency and knowledge of the effective factors are of critical importance in nursing. Competency, self-esteem, and self-knowledge are achievable through professional identity. Employees’ participation in and attachment to their professional role is contingent considerably upon their professional identity. In light of this, the present study is aimed at determining correlation between professional identity and clinical competence of the nurses working in psychiatric wards of the hospitals affiliated with Tehran-based medical sciences universities. Methodology: This correlative study was conducted on 125 nurses working in psychiatric wards of Tehran-based hospitals affiliated with medical sciences universities. Data gathering tool of the study was a researcher-designed questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical competency, and professional identity data of the participants. For data analyzing, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used. Findings: The results showed 91.2% of the participants evaluated their professional identity at good (47.2%) and very good (44%) levels;and 78.2% evaluated their clinical competency at very good level. The results also indicated positive and significant relationship between professional identity and clinical competency(r = 0.32, p = 0.001). In addition, none of the demographical variables were related to professional identity and clinical competency. Conclusion: There is positive relationship between clinical competency and professional identity, which means that development of positive attitudes regarding the psychiatric nursing can lead to higher clinical competency of the participants. The findings of the study highlighted the weight and role of positive attitude regarding the professional identity. It could result in increase of clinical competency and deserved attention of hospital’s managers.

A study of the relationship between professional values and ethical climate and nurses'professional quality of life in Iran

Objective:To explore the relationship between nursing professional values and ethical climate and nurses'professional quality of life.Methods:The present study is a descriptive,cross-sectional work in which 400 nurses from various wards of hospitals in the south-east of Iran were studied.Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of four sections:demographics,Nurses'Professional Values Scale-Revised(NPVS-R),the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey(HECS),and the Professional Quality of Life Scale(ProQOL).Results:The total mean scores for professional values were 105.29±15.60.The total mean score for the ethical climate was 100.09±17.11.The mean scores for the indexes of compassion satisfaction,burnout,and secondary traumatic stress were 45.29±8.93,34.38±6.84,and 32.15±7.02 respectively.The relationships between professional values and the indexes of compassion satisfaction(r=0.56),burnout(r=0.26),and secondary traumatic stress(r=0.18)were found to be positive and significant(P<0.001).Also,the relationships between ethical climate and the items of compassion satisfaction(r=0.60,P<0.001),burnout(r=0.15,P=0.002)were found to be positive and significant.Conclusion:An understanding of nurses'perception of professional values and improving the ethical climate at work can help nursing administrators identify more effective strategies toward increasing compassion satisfaction and lessening bumout and work-related stress.

Factors that affect the process of professional identity formation in public health nurses

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of professional identity formation and the factors that affect the process in public health nurses (PHNs). Methods: We performed an inductive qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews of 65 PHNs. Results: At years 1 - 5, PHNs did not have a professional self-identity. Therefore, it was important for them to recognize the significance of their own work. At years 6 - 10, PHNs acquired self-assurance as a practitioner through feedback from residents. It was important for them to have a better understanding, broader viewpoints and more affection for their own community. At years 11 - 20, PHNs felt ambivalent toward the challenges and heavy responsibilities based on the objective assessment of their jobs and roles. PHNs felt embarrassed by role changes when they became a manager or an expert. It was important for them to become aware of their new role through managerial education and training. However, some PHNs who were unable to establish a clear PHN identity experienced setbacks at each developmental stage. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a differential approach dependent on the stage and level of confidence in an individual’s PHN identity is required for the formation of PHN identity.

Correlation between burnout and professional value in Chinese oncology nurses:A questionnaire survey

Objective:To investigate the relationship between job burnout and professional value in oncology nurses.Methods:The Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)and the Nurse Professional Values Scale(NPVS)were administered to nurses(n=328)at the Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province,China,and the correlation between job burnout and professional value was calculated.Results:The scores(mean±standard deviation)of emotional exhaustion(25.32±12.37),depersonalization(6.93±5.28),and personal accomplishment(30.25±8.96)were measured,indicating a high level of burnout among oncology nurses.Also measured,were the four domains of professional value:caring(36.39±5.73),actionist(21.17±4.85),responsibility freedom and safety(17.95±2.96),and reliability(11.44±1.98).Job burnout and caring were positively correlated(p<0.01),suggesting that caring was the number one concern of oncology nurses.Clinical implication:The prevalence of job burnout in oncology nurses is high,and this could be improved by increasing perception of professional value.It is urgent for managers to strengthen professional value education and to take strategies that reduce job burnout,which is important for the overall quality and safety of nursing.

Relationship of academic courses and clinical internships to performance on the National Qualified Examination for Registered Professional Nurses (NQEX-RPN)

Background:Success in the National Qualified Examination for Registered Professional Nurses(NQEX-RPN)is a critical issue for each nursing student and every nursing school.However,to date,little research has been conducted regarding the degree of risk for licensure failure associated with specific academic courses and clinical internships in China's Mainland.Objective:This study aimed to explore the relationship of academic courses and clinical internships to performance on the NQEX-RPN in China's Mainland.Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive study.Two hundred twenty-eight new graduates were recruited froma four-year baccalaureate nursing programin China's Mainland.The scores of academic courses and clinical internships were recorded from the Teaching and Learning administration of the university.The NQEX-RPN performance data was collected from the Provincial Health Department.Personal information was collected from the participants.Multiple stepwise regression was used to identify predictors of the NQEX-RPN.Results:Twenty-three courses and four clinical internships were positively associated with NQEX-RPN performance.Surgical nursing,Medical nursing,Computer basics and Community health care explained the 36.2%of the total variance of Theoretical Knowledge(F=31.313,p=0.000);clinical internships of obstetrics and gynecology nursing,pediatrics and surgical nursing explained the 28.1%of the total variance of Application Skills(F=28.852,p=0.000).Conclusion:Surgical-medicine nursing,Community health care,Computer basics and clinical internships are beneficial in assisting students and educators to identify the risk of students'performance in the NQEX-RPN.

Hospital ethical climate associated with the professional quality of life among nurses during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic inWuhan,China:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether the hospital ethical climate was independently associated with nurses’professional quality of life.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020.The nurses working in Wuhan from the other parts of China were the target population.The Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5,the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey,and a basic information sheet were used to collect data.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:In total,236 nurses participated in this study,and 219 valid questionnaires were analyzed.The average age of the participants was 31.2±5.0 years.Most nurses were female(176/219;80.4%)and married(145/219;66.2%).In term of professional quality of life,nurses reported moderate(129/219;58.9%)to high(90/219;41.1%)levels of compassion satisfaction,low(119/219;54.3%)to moderate(100/219;45.7%)levels of burnout,and low(67/219;36.0%)to high(10/219;4.6%)levels of secondary traumatic stress.Regarding hospital ethical climate,nurses reported moderately high hospital ethical climates with an average score of 4.46.After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics,the multiple linear regression models showed that the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with physicians”was independently associated with the compassion satisfaction(b=0.533,P<0.01)and burnout(b=0.237,P<0.05);the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with peers”(b=0.191,P<0.01)was independently associated with the secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions:During the early stage of the pandemic,nurses demonstrated moderate to high level of compassion satisfaction,low to moderate level of burnout,and all nurses experienced secondary traumatic stress.Nurses perceived a high level of hospital ethical climate,and the perceived hospital ethical climate played an important role in promoting nurses’professional quality of life during a lifethreatening infectious disease pandemic.

The relationship between professional autonomy and moral distress among nurses working in children's units and pediatric intensive care wards

Background: Nurses serve as the primary source of care for minor patients in intensive care units. Even though they support both patients and their relatives, these nurses may experience moral distress from their profession. While managing their daily relationships with their patients, nurses must also be able to control their actions to feel that they are from a social unit and feel their competence in association with others.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between professional autonomy and moral distress among nurses working in children's units and pediatric intensive care wards. Methods: This descriptive/comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 using 120 nurses as subjects. Subjects were selected using the census method. The research tools used to gain measurable data were the Pankratznursing questionnaire(PNQ) and Corley'sMoral distress scale (MDS). In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive statistic tests such as the relative frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and the Pearson correlation test, T-test, ANOVA, and regression were used. The SPSSv.20 software was also used to analyze the data obtained. Results: The relationship between professional autonomy and moral distress revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between professional autonomy and moral distress in the intensity (r=0.39;P<0.001) and the iteration (r=0.41;P<0.001). In addition, professional autonomy predicted 18% of changes in intensity of moral distress in total(MR = 0.42, R2 = 0.18) and also professional au-tonomy predicted 25% of iteration in moral distress in total(MR = 0.507, R2= 0.25). Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that there was a direct positive relationship between professional autonomy and moral distress.

Thai Psychiatric Nurses’ Experiences and Perceptions of the Professional Role When Caring for Older People Displaying Depressive Symptoms

Purpose:?The aim of this study was to describe Thai psychiatric nurses’ experiences and perceptions of their professional role when caring for older people whom displayed symptoms of clinical depression.?Methods:?A qualitative descriptive research design was used. Thirteen psychiatric nurses working in the field of mental health and psychiatric nursing at a rural district hospital were purposively included. The data were collected through in-depth,?face to face interviews and analyzed using qualitative latent content analysis.?Results:?All participants were female, and the mean age was 43 years, and the mean experience of caring for mentally ill patients was 8.3 years. The psychiatric nurses’ experiences and perceptions of their professional role were mirrored in the following themes:?1) managing a central role in the care of the patients;?2) conflicting interests between the professional needs of caregiving and other requests;and?3) being compassionate beyond the profession.?Conclusion: The psychiatric nurses were challenged by the complexity of the caregiving situations and the partners involved in the process of caring for older people with depression. Professionally, the psychiatric nurses played an important role in preventive care and managerial work. They underwent stress under the influence of stakeholders, but they also contributed to the holistic patient care.?Health service authorities may use these results to develop plans for psychiatric nurses in managing a central role and in advocating for holistic care to mitigate the influence of stakeholders to enhance quality of caring for older?individuals with depression.

Professional Behaviors of Nurses in Geriatric Health Services Facility in Japan

Background: The characteristics of geriatric health services facilities (GHSFs) in Japan include provision of care focused on the life of the residents, and there is a need for cooperation between care workers and physical therapists responsible for the care. Our goal is to create an organizational system that allows nurses to succeed professionally. To do this, we must first discuss the professional behavior of nurses in GHSFs. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to clarify the professional behavior of nurses in GHSFs using a questionnaire survey. Method: We used a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in 1000 GHSFs all over Japan. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The questionnaires consisted of 24 items for determining the professional behavior of nurses, the background information of respondents. The professional behavior of nurses was analyzed using principal factor analysis (Promax rotation). Results: A total of 1189 nurses participated. Of those, 91% (n = 1084) were women, and mean age was 48.2 years. Most participants were staff nurses (n = 791;66%). We extracted 16 items by factor analysis, which were classified into four factors (professional development, autonomy, positive assertiveness to colleagues, and advocating for patient). Conclusion: The professional behaviors as identified in this study are similar to those reported in previous studies of clinical nurses in hospital. However, some subscale results are specific to the characteristics of GHSFs. The ability to understand professional behaviors has significant implications in terms of affirming and identifying sources of quality of care and creating a professional practice environment within GHSFs.

Enhancing competency of clinical research nurses:A comprehensive training and evaluation framework

The Sun et al's training program for clinical research nurses(CRNs)in the World Journal of Clinical Cases is a comprehensive and scientific approach.It includes structured frameworks for CRN training,aiming to improve CRN competency.This program emphasizes practical abilities,updates training content,and improves evaluation methods.The cultivation of CRN talents focuses on enhancing the training system,establishing a multifaceted evaluation framework,and continuously refining the training programs.Regular feedback and evalua-tion are essential to improve CRNs'competency in practical settings.

Culturally competent care across borders: Implementing culturally responsive teaching for nurses in diverse workforces

The migration of healthcare professionals,including nurses,is a global phenomenon.It is driven by various factors,including the pursuit of better opportunities,living conditions,and professional development,as well as political instability or conflict in their home countries.The World Health Organization(WHO)has noted that high-income countries often rely on foreign-trained nurses to fill gaps in their healthcare systems[1].For instance,as of 2021,over 40%(52 million)of all nurses in the United States(US)were expatriates[2].In the United Kingdom(UK),the percentage of expatriate nurses was even higher,reaching approximately 18%in 2021[3].Owing to globalization and migration,healthcare providers must possess cultural competence to deliver improved care[4,5].Culturally responsive teaching(CRT)is rooted in the idea that culture plays a vital role in shaping people’s behaviors,beliefs,values,and communication styles[6].Furthermore,these cultural factors influence patients’perspectives on health,illness,healing,and their preferences for care and communication[7].By recognizing and embracing these cultural differences,nurses can provide more effective and compassionate care to their diverse patient population[8].

Nursing leadership: Key element of professional development

Trends in recent years have emphasized the importance of nursing leadership in China and globally.In 2020,theWorld Health Organization released State of the world’s nursing 2020:investing in education,jobs and leadership[1],specifically proposing that nursing leadership should be strengthened to enable nurses to become current and future leaders in healthcare.This report is based on the development of healthcare across the world under a comprehensive view of the overall level of human health.As the nursing profession evolves and expands,nurses play an increas-ingly essential role in promoting global human health.Nursing leadership is crucial for professional development.

Factors influencing ruminative thinking behaviours in nurses:a cross-sectional study of 858 subjects in a tertiary care hospital

To the editor:Nurses play a vital role in healthcare by providing direct medical care to patients,and their mental well-being significantly impacts the quality of service and patient satisfaction.^(1)Ruminative thinking involves repetitive thoughts about negative feelings,their causes and consequences.This common psychological behaviour innurses can significantly impact their self-evaluation and result in feelings of worthlessness.

Nurses’job embeddedness and turnover intention:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:This study aimed to review the relationship between job embeddedness and turnover intentions among nurses and explore the effects of the Job Embeddedness Scale,number of years in the career,education,and marital status on this relationship.Methods:The review was conducted by searching the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database(CNKI),Weipu Database(CQVIP),China Biology Medicine(CBM),Wanfang Database,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,and APA-PsycNet for articles on nurses’job embeddedness and turnover from intention up to March 2024.The research quality was evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ)assessment criteria.The review protocol has been registered on PROSPERO[CRD42023483947].Results:The results of this review included 47 studies consisting of 15,742 nurses from seven countries worldwide.A moderate negative correlation was found between job embeddedness and turnover intention(r=0.487).Furthermore,on-the-job embeddedness(r=0.527)was more negatively associated with turnover intention than off-the-job embeddedness(r=0.234).The highest negative correlation was found between sacrifice and turnover intention(r=0.460),while the lowest was for the link(r=0.185).Furthermore,the relationship between job embeddedness and its dimensions with turnover intention was affected by different job embeddedness scales,number of years in the career,education,and marital status(P<0.05).Conclusion:This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed the relationships between nurses’job embeddedness,dimensions,and turnover intention.Meanwhile,subgroup analysis and meta-regression explored the factors influencing these relationships.It is an important reference for nurse managers to promote nurse retention.

Factors Promoting Retention of Nurses in Three Private Hospitals of Lahore: A Cross Sectional Descriptive Survey

Introduction: Pakistan has a large number of professional nurses but a higher rate of turnover contributes towards the shortage of nurses which is intensified by nurses’ immigration, lack of recruitment of new nurses and retirement of senior nurses. Aim: The study aimed at examining the factors that increase retention of nurses. Research Method: The study is descriptive cross sectional with a sample of 150 nurses including both the genders, from 3 private hospitals located in Pakistan. A convenient sampling technique was used. The data collection was done through close ended questionnaires based on 20 questions. Data collection was done quantitatively and then data was entered in SPSS. Correlation and regression tests were performed. Findings: The analysis revealed that 91.3% nurses are loyal to their hospitals but, 8.7%nurses can switch the hospital for different reasons. It was also found that the idea of leaving the job based on the intention of moving to abroad and public sector was higher than the retirement and other causes. Resultantly, enhancements in nurses’ work environments have the ability to decrease nurses’ job burnout and turnover and increase patients’ satisfaction. Recommendations: Hospital leaders should implement effective strategies to encourage nurses to continue their job by motivation, strengthening management skills within the hospital and improving a positive work environment by promoting teamwork, continuous learning, trust, respect and flexible arrangements which can lead towards achieving better results.However, further studies quantitatively and qualitatively can explore more factors related to dissatisfaction of nurses. Health systems policy makers should lead by developing related strategies for the retention of nurses.

Development of Self-Rated Nursing Record Frequency for Delirium Care of Nurses in Acute Care Hospitals (NRDC-Acute)

Background: Nursing records play an important role in multidisciplinary collaborations in delirium care. This study aims to develop a self-rated nursing record frequency scale for delirium care among nurses in acute care hospitals (NRDC-Acute). Methods: A draft of the scale was developed after a literature review and meeting with researchers with experience in delirium care, and a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing. We identified 25 items on a 5-point Likert scale. Subsequently, an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 520 nurses from 41 acute care hospitals in Japan, and the reliability and validity of the scale were examined. Results: There were 232 (44.6%) respondents and 218 (41.9%) valid responses. The mean duration of clinical experience was 15.2 years (SD = 8.8). Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 factors and 13 items for this scale. The model fit indices were GFI = 0.991, AGFI = 0.986, and SRMR = 0.046. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire scale was .888. The four factors were named “Record of Pharmacological Delirium Care on Pro Re Nata (PRN)”, “Record of Non-Pharmacological Delirium Care”, “Record of Pharmacological Delirium Care on Regular Medication”, and “Record of Collaboration for Delirium Care”. Conclusion: The scale was relatively reliable and valid. Nurses in acute care hospitals can use this scale to identify and address issues related to the documentation of nursing records for delirium care.

Characteristics of moral distress from nurses’perspectives:An integrative review

Objective:This integrative review aimed to identify the common characteristics of moral distress in nursing and distinguish it from other types of distress by examining nurses’perspectives in the literature.These insights will help update existing tools and create new ones to capture moral distress better,guiding the development and implementation of strategies to support nurses in addressing this challenge.Methods:Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review method was employed to guide a systematic search for literature in three databases(EBSCO Medline,CINAHL,and PubMed).Additionally,two journals,Bioethics and Nursing Ethics,were manually searched to reduce search bias.The included studies were primary resources published in English between 2018 and 2023,utilizing quantitative,qualitative,or mixed methods to examine moral distress’s characteristics,components,and definitions.All of identified studies were screened,extracted,and analyzed independently by two researchers.Results:Nineteen studies were included.The results were grouped into five themes shaping the main characteristics of moral distress:1)experiencing a moral situation,with five ethically conflicted situations identified,including treatment plans,professional and personal moral values,team dynamics,complex contexts,clinical practices,and patient-centered care;2)making a moral judgment,where nurses experience moral distress when they cannot act consistently with their values,ethical principles,and moral duties;3)the presence of constraints,categorized at three levels:individual factors related to the nurse,patient,and patient’s family;team factors related to the team or unit involved;and system factors,including institutional and policy elements;4)moral wrongdoing,which occurs when nurses are unable to perform the right moral action;and 5)moral suffering,with studies showing that moral distress impacts physical,emotional,and psychological well-being.Conclusion:The findings enhance the understanding of moral distress characteristics among nursing staff,highlighting the concept of the crescendo effect,which underscores the cumulative and escalating nature of unresolved moral distress,emphasizing the need to address moral conflicts proactively to prevent the erosion of moral integrity and professional satisfaction.

Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behaviour motives:A crosssectional study

Objectives:The motives that lead to nurses’workplace silence behaviour are essential to understand,as the failure to voice their concerns and maintain silence may cause various adverse outcomes,including burnout,turnover,job dissatisfaction,low productivity,and mental and moral distress.This study aimed to identify the level and influencing motives of the workplace silence behaviour among nurses at the National Guard Hospital in Madinah.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in January and February 2023.The participants completed a questionnaire with two parts:the sociodemographic data form and the Workplace Silence Behavior Nursing Motives Scale.Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and the chi-square test.Results:The overall level for all workplace silence behavior motives is moderate(3.29±0.69),with Avoidance Motives dimension receiving the highest scores(3.62±0.75)and Organization-Oriented Motives dimension receiving the lowest(3.15±0.86).Chi-square test showed that Saudi nationality(X^(2)=0.015,P=0.019)and monthly income(X^(2)=0.045,P?0.013)are factors in high-moderate levels of silence behaviour.Conclusions:The overall level of workplace silence behaviour motives was found to be moderate,nurses have higher monthly salaries and non-Saudi nationals tend to have higher levels of workplace silence behaviour motives.The study results provide a reference for nursing managers to pay attention to nurses’workplace silence behavior and take corresponding intervention measures.