Four groups of nutrias of 3- 4 months old were taken as the experimental animals fed with four diet with different digestion energy. The results are that the diet prescriptions which contain different digestion energy...Four groups of nutrias of 3- 4 months old were taken as the experimental animals fed with four diet with different digestion energy. The results are that the diet prescriptions which contain different digestion energy result in a extremely significant difference in energy digestibility of nutrias(P<0.01 ), the diet prescriptions which contain different digestion energy result in a extremely significant different in crude protein digestibility of nutrias.(P<0.01 ), the linear relationship presents between different digestion energy and energy digestibility, and the relationship coefficients is 0.8,dE(%)=0.62C(%)-7.18 lnCF(%)+57.78 is the regression equation between energy digestibility and crude fiber and carbohydrate in diets; dE=2985.7+18. 10w is the regression equation between weight gaining of nutrias and digestion energy of nutrias; The difference of gaining weight is extremely significant among different groups of nutrias (p<0.01 ).展开更多
The conversion efficiencies reported for Tin(Sn)halide-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)fall a large gap behind those of lead halide-based PSCs,mainly because of poor film quality of the former.Here we report an effi...The conversion efficiencies reported for Tin(Sn)halide-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)fall a large gap behind those of lead halide-based PSCs,mainly because of poor film quality of the former.Here we report an efficient strategy based on a simple secondary crystallization growth(SCG)technique to improve film quality for tin halide-based PSCs by applying a series of functional amine chlorides on the perovskite surface.They were discovered to enhance the film crystallinity and suppress the oxidation of Sn^(2+)remarkably,hence reduce trap state density and non-irradiative recombination in the absorber films.Furthermore,the SCG film holds the band levels matching better with carrier transport layers and herein favoring charge extraction at the device interfaces.Consequently,a champion device efficiency of 8.07% was achieved alo ng with significant enhancements in VOC and JSC,in contrast to 5.35% of the control device value.Moreover,the SCG film-based devices also exhibit superior stability comparing with the control one.This work explicitly paves a novel and general strategy for developing high performance lead-free PSCs.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,and serum biochemical of female Hu lambs.Seventy female Hu lambs(aged 4 months)were randomly allotted to 5 di...This study evaluated the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,and serum biochemical of female Hu lambs.Seventy female Hu lambs(aged 4 months)were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments.Lambs were fed diets with 5 levels of metabolizable energy(ME):9.17(E1),9.59(E2),10.00(E3),10.41(E4),and 10.82 MJ/kg(E5).The lambs were adapted to the experimental diets for 10 d and the experiment period lasted for 60 d.Dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio linearly(P<0.001)increased and decreased(P<0.001),respectively,with increasing dietary ME levels.Average daily gain(ADG)linearly(P<0.001)increased with increasing dietary ME levels,with the highest final body weight(P=0.041)observed in E4 group.Moreover,dietary energy level was associated with linear increases in serum total protein(TP)(P<0.001),albumin(ALB)(P=0.017),glucose(GLU)(P=0.004),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)(P=0.006)concentrations,and it was associated with a quadratic decrease in serum triglyceride(TG)concentration(P=0.002).Serum ammonia concentration,which was firstly decreased and then increased,was quadratically affected by dietary ME levels(P=0.013).Compared with E1 group,lambs in E4 group had higher(P<0.05)live weights,carcass weights,mesenteric fat ratio,non-carcass fat ratio,and larger loin muscle area,but lower(P<0.05)meat colour a*and b*values,and lesser(P<0.05)C17:0,C20:0,C18:1 n-9 t,C18:3 n-3,and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),but greater(P<0.05)C18:3 n-6 and n-6:n-3 ratios in longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle tissue,and lesser(P<0.05)C17:0,C18:3 n-3,C22:6 n-3,and n-3 PUFA in the biceps femoris(BF)muscle tissue.The results demonstrated that increasing dietary energy level improved the growth performance and affected carcass traits,serum biochemical indexes,and fatty acid profiles in different muscles of female Hu lambs.For 4-month-old female Hu lambs,the recommended fattening energy level is 10.41 MJ/kg.展开更多
We evaluated the effect of ration level （RL） on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok （initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g） were fed for 21 d at five different ration level...We evaluated the effect of ration level （RL） on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok （initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g） were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels： starvation, 2%, 3%, 4% bwd （body weight per day, based on initial mean values）, and apparent satiation. Feed consumption, apparent digestibility, and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight, dry weight, protein, and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight （SGRw, %/d） and RL （%） was characterized by a decelerating curve： SGRw=- 1.417＋3.1661n（RL＋ 1）. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level, and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy （FERe） and RL was： FERe=- 14.167＋23.793RL-3.367（RL）2, and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 kJ BW （kg）-0.80/d, the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was： 100IE=29.03FE＋5.78（ZE＋UE）＋39.56 HE＋25.63 RE, where IE is feed energy, FE is fecal energy, ZE＋UE is excretory energy, HE is heat production, and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd, whereas for energy growth, the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.展开更多
本试验旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对61~120日龄断奶湖羊羔羊生长性能、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响。采用2×2两因素两水平试验设计,选取64只61日龄体重相近的纯种湖羊羔羊,随机分为4组,饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平的饲粮,分别为...本试验旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对61~120日龄断奶湖羊羔羊生长性能、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响。采用2×2两因素两水平试验设计,选取64只61日龄体重相近的纯种湖羊羔羊,随机分为4组,饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平的饲粮,分别为高能量[代谢能(ME)为10.92 M J/kg]高蛋白质[粗蛋白质(CP)为15.74%]组、高能量(M E为10.92 M J/kg)低蛋白质(CP为11.78%)组、低能量(ME为8.64 MJ/kg)高蛋白质(CP为15.72%)组、低能量(ME为8.64 M J/kg)低蛋白质(CP为11.82%)组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只,公母各占1/2。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮能量与蛋白质水平对羔羊生长性能指标不存在交互作用(P>0.05);饲粮高能量高蛋白质水平显著提高了羔羊61~90日龄的平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05)。2)饲粮高蛋白质水平显著提高了81~90日龄、111~120日龄羔羊氮摄入量(P<0.05);饲粮低能量高蛋白质水平显著提高了81~90日龄、111~120日龄羔羊尿氮排出量(P<0.05),并且以低能量高蛋白质组尿氮排出量最高;对于81~90日龄羔羊,饲粮高能量高蛋白质水平显著提高了氮沉积(P<0.05),而饲粮低能量或高蛋白质水平显著降低了氮生物学效价(P<0.05)。3)羔羊120日龄时,饲粮低能量水平显著降低了血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),显著提高了血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05);饲粮低蛋白质水平显著提高了血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,61~90日龄阶段,饲粮高能量高蛋白质水平可促进羔羊生长;91~120日龄阶段,可适当降低饲粮蛋白质水平以节约生产成本,不会对生长性能产生不利影响。展开更多
文摘Four groups of nutrias of 3- 4 months old were taken as the experimental animals fed with four diet with different digestion energy. The results are that the diet prescriptions which contain different digestion energy result in a extremely significant difference in energy digestibility of nutrias(P<0.01 ), the diet prescriptions which contain different digestion energy result in a extremely significant different in crude protein digestibility of nutrias.(P<0.01 ), the linear relationship presents between different digestion energy and energy digestibility, and the relationship coefficients is 0.8,dE(%)=0.62C(%)-7.18 lnCF(%)+57.78 is the regression equation between energy digestibility and crude fiber and carbohydrate in diets; dE=2985.7+18. 10w is the regression equation between weight gaining of nutrias and digestion energy of nutrias; The difference of gaining weight is extremely significant among different groups of nutrias (p<0.01 ).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.61775091,21671160,51761145048,21833009)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee(Nos.JCYJ20180504165851864)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory Project(No.ZDSYS201602261933302)。
文摘The conversion efficiencies reported for Tin(Sn)halide-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)fall a large gap behind those of lead halide-based PSCs,mainly because of poor film quality of the former.Here we report an efficient strategy based on a simple secondary crystallization growth(SCG)technique to improve film quality for tin halide-based PSCs by applying a series of functional amine chlorides on the perovskite surface.They were discovered to enhance the film crystallinity and suppress the oxidation of Sn^(2+)remarkably,hence reduce trap state density and non-irradiative recombination in the absorber films.Furthermore,the SCG film holds the band levels matching better with carrier transport layers and herein favoring charge extraction at the device interfaces.Consequently,a champion device efficiency of 8.07% was achieved alo ng with significant enhancements in VOC and JSC,in contrast to 5.35% of the control device value.Moreover,the SCG film-based devices also exhibit superior stability comparing with the control one.This work explicitly paves a novel and general strategy for developing high performance lead-free PSCs.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2017JJ1020,2018JJ3340)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20160086)+1 种基金Hunan Province’s Strategic and Emerging Industrial Projects(2018GK4035)Hunan Province’s Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone projects(2017XK2058)
文摘This study evaluated the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,and serum biochemical of female Hu lambs.Seventy female Hu lambs(aged 4 months)were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments.Lambs were fed diets with 5 levels of metabolizable energy(ME):9.17(E1),9.59(E2),10.00(E3),10.41(E4),and 10.82 MJ/kg(E5).The lambs were adapted to the experimental diets for 10 d and the experiment period lasted for 60 d.Dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio linearly(P<0.001)increased and decreased(P<0.001),respectively,with increasing dietary ME levels.Average daily gain(ADG)linearly(P<0.001)increased with increasing dietary ME levels,with the highest final body weight(P=0.041)observed in E4 group.Moreover,dietary energy level was associated with linear increases in serum total protein(TP)(P<0.001),albumin(ALB)(P=0.017),glucose(GLU)(P=0.004),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)(P=0.006)concentrations,and it was associated with a quadratic decrease in serum triglyceride(TG)concentration(P=0.002).Serum ammonia concentration,which was firstly decreased and then increased,was quadratically affected by dietary ME levels(P=0.013).Compared with E1 group,lambs in E4 group had higher(P<0.05)live weights,carcass weights,mesenteric fat ratio,non-carcass fat ratio,and larger loin muscle area,but lower(P<0.05)meat colour a*and b*values,and lesser(P<0.05)C17:0,C20:0,C18:1 n-9 t,C18:3 n-3,and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),but greater(P<0.05)C18:3 n-6 and n-6:n-3 ratios in longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle tissue,and lesser(P<0.05)C17:0,C18:3 n-3,C22:6 n-3,and n-3 PUFA in the biceps femoris(BF)muscle tissue.The results demonstrated that increasing dietary energy level improved the growth performance and affected carcass traits,serum biochemical indexes,and fatty acid profiles in different muscles of female Hu lambs.For 4-month-old female Hu lambs,the recommended fattening energy level is 10.41 MJ/kg.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(No.201003055)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2012BAD25B10,2012BAD26B05)the Central-Level Non-Profit Scientific Research Institutes Special Funds of China(No.HSY201412)
文摘We evaluated the effect of ration level （RL） on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok （initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g） were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels： starvation, 2%, 3%, 4% bwd （body weight per day, based on initial mean values）, and apparent satiation. Feed consumption, apparent digestibility, and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight, dry weight, protein, and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight （SGRw, %/d） and RL （%） was characterized by a decelerating curve： SGRw=- 1.417＋3.1661n（RL＋ 1）. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level, and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy （FERe） and RL was： FERe=- 14.167＋23.793RL-3.367（RL）2, and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 kJ BW （kg）-0.80/d, the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was： 100IE=29.03FE＋5.78（ZE＋UE）＋39.56 HE＋25.63 RE, where IE is feed energy, FE is fecal energy, ZE＋UE is excretory energy, HE is heat production, and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd, whereas for energy growth, the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.
文摘本试验旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对61~120日龄断奶湖羊羔羊生长性能、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响。采用2×2两因素两水平试验设计,选取64只61日龄体重相近的纯种湖羊羔羊,随机分为4组,饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平的饲粮,分别为高能量[代谢能(ME)为10.92 M J/kg]高蛋白质[粗蛋白质(CP)为15.74%]组、高能量(M E为10.92 M J/kg)低蛋白质(CP为11.78%)组、低能量(ME为8.64 MJ/kg)高蛋白质(CP为15.72%)组、低能量(ME为8.64 M J/kg)低蛋白质(CP为11.82%)组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只,公母各占1/2。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮能量与蛋白质水平对羔羊生长性能指标不存在交互作用(P>0.05);饲粮高能量高蛋白质水平显著提高了羔羊61~90日龄的平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05)。2)饲粮高蛋白质水平显著提高了81~90日龄、111~120日龄羔羊氮摄入量(P<0.05);饲粮低能量高蛋白质水平显著提高了81~90日龄、111~120日龄羔羊尿氮排出量(P<0.05),并且以低能量高蛋白质组尿氮排出量最高;对于81~90日龄羔羊,饲粮高能量高蛋白质水平显著提高了氮沉积(P<0.05),而饲粮低能量或高蛋白质水平显著降低了氮生物学效价(P<0.05)。3)羔羊120日龄时,饲粮低能量水平显著降低了血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),显著提高了血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05);饲粮低蛋白质水平显著提高了血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,61~90日龄阶段,饲粮高能量高蛋白质水平可促进羔羊生长;91~120日龄阶段,可适当降低饲粮蛋白质水平以节约生产成本,不会对生长性能产生不利影响。
