Near-infrared spectroscopy method for rapid proximate quantitative analysis of nutrient composition in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Glycogen,amino acids,fatty acids,and other nutrient components affect the flavor and nutritional quality of oysters.Methods based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)were developed to rapidly and proximately determine the nutrient content of the Pacific oyster Crassostreagigas.Samples of C.gigas from 19 costal sites were freeze-dried,ground,and scanned for spectral data collection using a Fourier transform NIR spectrometer(Thermo Fisher Scientific).NIRS models of glycogen and other nutrients were established using partial least squares,multiplication scattering correction first-order derivation,and Norris smoothing.The R_(C) values of the glycogen,fatty acids,amino acids,and taurine NIRS models were 0.9678,0.9312,0.9132,and 0.8928,respectively,and the residual prediction deviation(RPD)values of these components were 3.15,2.16,3.11,and 1.59,respectively,indicating a high correlation between the predicted and observed values,and that the models can be used in practice.The models were used to evaluate the nutrient compositions of 1278 oyster samples.Glycogen content was found to be positively correlated with fatty acids and negatively correlated with amino acids.The glycogen,amino acid,and taurine levels of C.gigas cultured in the subtidal and intertidal zones were also significantly different.This study suggests that C.gigas NIRS models can be a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods for the rapid and proximate analysis of various slaughter traits and may also contribute to future genetic and breeding-related studies in Pacific oysters.

Terahertz Spectroscopic Characterization and Thickness Evaluation of Internal Delamination Defects in GFRP Composites

The use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)for the nondestructive testing and evaluation(NDT&E)of materials and structural systems has attracted significant attention over the past two decades due to its superior spatial resolution and capabilities of detecting and characterizing defects and structural damage in non-conducting materials.In this study,the THz-TDS system is used to detect,localize and evaluate hidden multi-delamination defects(i.e.,a three-level multi-delamination system)in multilayered GFRP composite laminates.To obtain accurate results,a wavelet shrinkage de-noising algorithm is used to remove the noise from the measured time-of-flight(TOF)signals.The thickness and location of each delamination defect in the z-direction(i.e.,through-the-thickness direction)are calculated from the de-noised TOF signals considering the interaction between the pulsed THz waves and the different interfaces in the GFRP composite laminates.A comparison between the actual and the measured thickness values of the delamination defects before and after the wavelet shrinkage denoising process indicates that the latter provides better results with less than 3.712%relative error,while the relative error of the non-de-noised signals reaches 16.388%.Also,the power and absorbance levels of the THz waves at every interface with different refractive indices in the GFRP composite laminates are evaluated based on analytical and experimental approaches.The present study provides an adequate theoretical analysis that could help NDT&E specialists to estimate the maximum thickness of GFRP composite materials and/or structures with different interfaces that can be evaluated by the THz-TDS.Also,the accuracy of the obtained results highlights the capabilities of the THz-TDS for the NDT&E of multilayered GFRP composite laminates.

Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Caulerpa lentillifera from Different Regions

This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were determined and compared with those from Semporna(Malaysia),Sabah(Malaysia),Petchburi(Thailand),and two other species of seaweeds(Malaysia).The results showed that the polysaccharide and protein contents of C.lentillifera from Hainan(44.82%±0.98%and 12.5%±0.70%),Shandong(43.22%±1.42%and 14.7%±0.72%),Petchburi(59.27%±2.31%and 12.49%±0.30%),and Sabah(44.02%±2.01%and 19.38%±1.48%)were higher than those of Eucheuma cottonii(26.49%±3.01%and 9.76%±1.33%)and Sargassum polycystum(33.49%±1.70%and 5.40%±0.07%),respectively.The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in C.lentillifera from Hainan(29.98%)and Shandong(22.11%)were higher than that in Semporna(16.76%±0.27%),Sabah(9.49%),and S.polycystum(20.34%±0.43%),but lower than that in E.cottonii(51.55%±0.57%).In Caulerpa lentillifera of Hainan and Shandong provinces,the essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)ratios were 35.22%and 38.78%,respectively;and the EAA/ETAA ratios were 54.36%and 63.35%,respectively.The EAA composition of C.lentillifera was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.C.lentillifera was rich in mineral elements,including calcium((3315.85±127.55)mg(100 g)^-1 and(3728.35±92.38)mg(100 g)^-1),magnesium((6715.74±82.58)mg(100 g)^-1 and(8128.59±242.72)mg(100 g)^-1),and trace elements,including iron((510.65±5.47)mg(100 g)^-1 and(1972.97±183.35)mg(100 g)^-1),selenium((1.04±0.08)mg(100 g)^-1 and(0.83±0.15)mg(100 g)^-1),and zinc((33.90±0.13)mg(100 g)^-1 and(11.75±2.05)mg(100 g)^-1).These results showed that C.lentillifera was more nutritious than S.polycystum or E.cottonii in terms of polysaccharide,protein,and fatty acid contents.Furthermore,both C.lentillifera species collected from Hainan and Shandong provinces show more basic nutrients.Therefore,C.lentillifera has important development and application prospects.

Evaluation of toppling rock slopes using a composite cloud model with DEMATEL–CRITIC method

Safety evaluation of toppling rock slopes developing in reservoir areas is crucial. To reduce the uncertainty of safety evaluation, this study developed a composite cloud model, which improved the combination weights of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) methods. A safety evaluation system was developed according to in situ monitoring data. The backward cloud generator was used to calculate the numerical characteristics of a cloud model of quantitative indices, and different virtual clouds were used to synthesize some clouds into a generalized one. The synthesized numerical characteristics were calculated to comprehensively evaluate the safety of toppling rock slopes. A case study of a toppling rock slope near the Huangdeng Hydropower Station in China was conducted using monitoring data collected since operation of the hydropower project began. The results indicated that the toppling rock slope was moderately safe with a low safety margin. The composite cloud model considers the fuzziness and randomness of safety evaluation and enables interchange between qualitative and quantitative knowledge. This study provides a new theoretical method for evaluating the safety of toppling rock slopes. It can aid in the predication, control, and even prevention of disasters.

Effect of Long-Term Low-Salinity Culture on the Survival, Growth, and Nutrient Composition of Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

This study investigated the effects of long-term low-salinity on the growth performance,proximate composition,amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Scylla paramamosain.The salinity of the low-salinity-culture group(LC)and maintained-salinity-cul-ture group(MC)were set at 5 and 25 respectively.After rearing for 30 d,the survival rate(SR)of the LC group was significantly lower,whereas the average daily molting frequency(ADMF)was significantly higher than those in MC group(P<0.05).There were no significant difference for weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)between the two groups.The moisture content of the LC group was slightly higher than the MC group without significant difference.The contents of ash,crude lipid and crude pro-tein in the LC group were lower than those in the MC group,but no significant differences were found except for ash content.A total of 17 free amino acids and 23 fatty acids were identified from the muscle of S.paramamosain.The total amino acids(TAA),essen-tial amino acids(EAA)and essential amino acid index(EAAI)had no significant difference between the two groups.The crabs from LC group had a significantly higher HUFA,including EPA,DHA,ARA.The percentage of n-3 PUFA and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA were significantly higher in the LC group.These results indicated that S.paramamosain rearing at low salinity had significantly de-creased SR;however,the low-salinity environment significantly promoted the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),espe-cially the n-3 PUFA,which might be related to the osmoregulation mechanism.

Evaluation of Nutrient Components and Nutritive Quality of Larimichthys crocea(Big Yellow Croaker)in Different Aquaculture Models

To ascertain the nutrient components and nutritive quality of the flesh of big yellow croaker in three culture conditions （ traditional cage, offshore cage and cage-free）, basic nutritional components,amino acid,fatty acid and mineral elements were determined. The results indicated that crude protein in flesh of the big yellow croaker in cage-free culture was higher than that in offshore cage and much higher than that in traditional cage （ P 〈0.05）. Crude fat of the croaker cul- tured in the traditional cage was twice as high as that in cage-free culture, while that in the offshore cage was in the middle. Proline content in the cage-free culture was much higher than that in the offshore cage, and also than that in the traditional cage （P 〈 0.05 ）. There was no significant difference in the content of alanine, methionine and tryptophan （ P 〈 0.05）. Contents of other amino acids had no significant difference between the cage-free culture and offshore cage, but were much lower in the traditional cage （P 〈 0.05 ）. Top six fatty acids were 9-Hexadecenoic acid, palmitic acid,9-Octadecenoic acid, Octadecauoic acid, DHA and EPA. The palmitic acid content was the highest in cage-free culture and in traditional cage, 9-Octadeeenoic acid content was the highest in offshore cage. Content of unsaturat- ed fatty acids in cage-free culture, offshore cage and traditional cage was 63.60,66.32,57.67, respectively, and polyunsaturated fatty acid was 29.10, 28.57, and 24.40. Content of DHA in cage-free culture was significantly higher than that in the offshore and traditional cage. Content of zinc had no significant difference in three culture models. Content of phosphorus had no significant difference between that in cage-free culture and offshore cage, was lower in the traditional cage. The cage-free cultured croakers had the highest content of calcium and phosphorus. Content of selenium was about the same between the offshore cage and the traditional cage stocking, higher in the cage-free culture. This research has considerable application value for identifying quality and sources of the big yellow croakers.

A predictive indicator using lender composition for loan evaluation in P2P lending

Most loan evaluation methods in peer-to-peer(P2P)lending mainly exploit the borrowers’credit information.However,the present study presents the maturity-based lender composition score,which exploits the investment capability of a group of lenders who fund the same loan,to enhance the P2P loan evaluation.More specifically,we extract lenders’profiles in terms of performance,risk,and experience by quantifying their investment history and develop our loan evaluation indicator by aggregating the profiles of lenders in the composition.To measure the ability of a lender for continuous improvement in P2P investment,we introduce lender maturity to capture this evolvement and incorporate it into the aggregation process.Our empirical study demonstrates that the maturity-based lender composition score can serve as an effective indicator for identifying loan quality and be included in other commonly used loan evaluation models for accuracy improvement.

Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Content and Fertility in Main Dry Farming Regions of Laos

[Objectives]To evaluate the status of soil nutrient and fertility in main dry farming regions of Laos,and to explore differences in soil nutrient content between regions and crop types.[Methods]By collecting 57 soil samples in the 0-20 cm layer of the main dryland in southern and northern provinces of Laos.Soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and available zinc content were analyzed.[Results]The soil in the main dry farming regions of Laos was acidic,the overall fertility level was good,and the exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were low.There were differences in soil nutrient content in the dry farming regions of southern and northern Laos.Drylands where cassava and maize were growed had higher fertility.[Conclusions]It is suggested to apply lime or alkaline fertilizer in the dry land with acid soil to increase soil pH and increase the supply of soil calcium and magnesium.Organic fertilizer should be applied to improve soil water retention capacity,and it is necessary to pay attention to the fertilization ratio of macroelements to balance fertilization.

Nutritional quality, functional properties and anti-nutrient compositions of the larva of Cirina forda (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Determination of the proximate, nutritionally valuable minerals and anti-nutrient compositions in larvae of Cirina forda (W) showed that they contained high levels of protein, (55.50%±1.20%) with ash, moisture, fat, and carbohydrate levels being (10.26%±0.01%), (10.85%±0.38%), (4.68%±0.01%) and (18.70%±0.84%) respectively. Fibre was not detected. Protein solubility was higher in alkaline media than in acidic media while the isoelectric points were pH 4, 6 and 9 indicating that C. forda may be useful in food formulations involving foods like meat products. Phosphorus had the highest value of (215.54±0.21) mg/100 g while manganese had the lowest value of (1.14±0.10) mg/100 g. Copper, Co, Pb, Cr and Ni were not available. Water absorption capacity was (300%±0.15%), oil absorption capacity was (358.44%±0.21%) and foaming stability was (3%±0.00%). The results of anti-nutritional analysis revealed that oxalate and phytic acid contents were (4.11±0.05) mg/100 g and (1.02±0.00) mg/100 g respectively and that these values fell within nutritionally accepted values. Tannin was not detected in C. forda. C. forda, a rich source of animal nutrients, usable in human diets and animal feeds formulations.

Nutrient compositions of cultured Skeletonema costatum,Chaetoceros curvisetus,and Thalassiosira nordenskildii

We cultured different-sized fractions of dominant phytoplankton species,Skeletonema costatum,Chaetoceros curvisetus,and Thalassiosira nordenski ldii,collected in different sea areas in various seasons,and measured and compared their C,N,P,Si contents.The N content of these species is similar,while the C,P,and Si contents of S.costatum from eutrophic Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary are higher than those from Jiaozhou Bay (JZB),particularly the content of Si.The C,N,P,and Si contents of cultured phytoplankton in JZB increase with size fraction augmentation,and the percentages of C,N,and P follow the same trend,while the percentage of Si remain constant.Moreover,S.costatum from small-sized fraction assimilated Si more easily than C.curvisetus and T.nordenski ldii,which is explained by the dominance of S.costatum under the conditions of low SiO 3-Si concentration in JZB.The C,N,P,and Si contents of cultured S.costatum collected during summer and winter are higher,which is consistent with the phytoplankton blooming seasons in JZB.The SiO 3-Si concentration of seawater during spring restrain the growth of phytoplankton,supported by the fact that the N,P,and Si contents and their ratios in cells of cultured S.costatum are low in spring season.

Application of Matter-element Model in Soil Nutrient Evaluation of Ecological Fragile Region

On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da′an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ–Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. And the ratios of soil samples grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da′an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate re- sults and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.

Non-destructive Evaluation of Composite Pressure Vessel by Using FBG Sensors

In recent years, advanced composite structures are used extensively in many industries such as aerospace, aircraft, automobile, pipeline and civil engineering. Reliability and safety are crucial requirements posed by them to the advanced composite structures be- cause of their harsh working conditions. Therefore, as a very important measure, structural health monitoring （SHM） in-service is deft- nitely demanded for ensuring their safe working in-situ. In this paper, fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors are surface-mounted on the hoop and in the axial directions of a FRP pressure vessel to monitor the strain status during its pressurization. The experimental results show that the FBG sensors could be used to monitor the strain development and determine the ultimate failure strain of the composite pressure vessel.

DAMAGE AND FRACTURE EVALUATION OF GRANULAR COMPOSITE MATERIALS BY DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION METHOD

This paper presents the applications of digital image correlation technique to the mesoscopic damage and fracture study of some granular based composite materials including steel- fiber reinforced concrete,sandstone and crystal-polymer composite.The deformation fields of the composite materials resulted from stress localization were obtained by the correlation computation of the surface images with loading steps and thus the related damage prediction and fracture parameters were evaluated.The correlation searching could be performed either directly based on the gray levels of the digital images or from the wavelet transform(WT)coefficients of the transform spectrum.The latter was developed by the authors and showed higher resolution and sensitivity to the singularity detection. Because the displacement components came from the rough surfaces of the composite materials without any coats of gratings or fringes of optical interferometry,both surface profiles and the deformation fields of the composites were visualized which was helpful to compare each other to analyze the damage of those heterogeneous materials.

Soil Properties and Land Capability Evaluation in a Mountainous Ecosystem of North-West Cameroon

Up to date, tropical mountainous ecosystems still lack in depth information on soil and environmental characteristics which are major factors limiting optimum crop production. The objective of this work was to study soil characteristics and to evaluate the land capability level for the production of some common tropical crops in mountainous ecosystem soils of North West Cameroon. Soil sampling was done following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications for three topographic positions (upslope, midslope and footslope) and at two depths (0 - 20 cm and 20 - 100 cm). It was completed by standard laboratory analyses. The fertility capability classification (FCC) system enabled to identify soil limitations and to classify soils into FCC units. Land and climate were evaluated by simple limitation and parametric methods. Globally, the soils were dark-colored, sandy clayey to clayey, compact and very acidic (pHH2O = 4.3 - 5.8). The organic matter (3.7% - 5.1% dry matter), total nitrogen (0.08% - 0.56%) and available phosphorus (22.1 to 30.9 mg?kg?1) recorded for the 0 - 20 cm depth then reduced with depth but midslope values were also lower. The C/N ratio varied between 9 and 45. Low C/N values appeared mostly in 0 - 20 cm depth at the upslope and downslope soils and subsurface soils of midslope position. Exchangeable Ca was very low to low (1.43 - 3.6 cmol + kg?1), Mg was very low to low (0.39 - 1.5 cmol + kg?1), K was low to medium (0.2 - 0.54 cmol + kg?1) and Na was very low (?1). The sum of exchangeable bases was very low (3.02 - 5.19 cmol + kg?1), cation exchange capacity was low to moderate (8.60 - 25.6 cmol + kg?1) and base saturation was very low to low (19.27% - 36.97%). Leaching of bases under heavy rainfall is a major cause of soil acidification under humid topical ecosystems. The Ca/Mg/K ratio was unbalanced and Mg was the most relatively concentrated base in all the soils. There was a clear variation of most of the soil properties along the slope and with depth. The soils were classified in the FCC system as aek for the upslope soils, Caek for the midslope soils and Cagk for the footslope soils. The principal limitations to production of huckleberry, beans, maize and potatoes were heavy rainfall, wetness, steep slope, soil texture/structure and low soil fertility. These constraints might be overcome by farming at the end of the raining season, contour ploughing, terracing, fertilization and liming.

3D Evaluation Method of Cutting Surface Topography of Carbon / Phenolic (C/Ph) Composite

3D evaluation method of cutting surface topography for C/Ph composites was established.The cutting surface was measured by Talyscan 150,using 3D non-contact measurement.Through the results of 2D and 3D roughness evaluating for C/Ph composite and Duralumin,the 2D evaluation method of the cutting surface topography of C/Ph composite loses a lot of information,the characteristics of the surface topography of C/Ph composite can be comprehensively and authentically evaluated only by 3D evaluation method.Furthermore,3D amplitude and spatial parameters were adopted to evaluate the surface.The results show that： the topography of the C/Ph composite is anisotropic,there are more valleys in the machined surface of C/Ph than that of duralumin,and there are not obvious feeding textures for C/Ph,which indicates the machining mechanism is different from the metal.In conclusion,the topography of the C/Ph composite cutting surface is anisotropic;the cutting surface of C/Ph composite needs 3D evaluation method.

Evaluation of soil pollution situation in urban industrial wasteland:A case study

Urban industrial wasteland might have been affected by toxic and hazardous substances emitted by the original production activities. Consequently, pollution survey analysis and environmental risk assessment should have been conducted before redevelopment. In the paper, by surveying soil sample from waste dump, tailing pond and surrounding area in Lead-Zinc Mine, fuzzy mathematics method was adopted to establish Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation model as to analyze conditions of soil pollution by heavy metal and soil nutrient. It would provide important scientific basis for pollution control and ecological restoration in the mining area and thus carry out comprehensive ecological restoration in Lead-Zinc Mine. Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation results indicated that soil pollution by heavy metal were severe. It could give priority to develop forestry. Most deficient soil nutrient elements were available P and N. Due to the lack of nitrogen and phosphorus, it was necessary to improve the soil before phytoremediation.

Multilevel Tests and Measurement Evaluation Methods for the Application of Composite Materials in Spacecraft Structures

With the implementation of new-generation launch vehicles,space stations,lunar and deep space exploration,etc.,the development of spacecraft structures will face new challenges. In order to reduce the spacecraft weight and increase the payload,composite material structures will be widely used. It is difficult to evaluate the strength and life of composite materials due to their complex mechanism and various phenomena in damage and failure.Meanwhile,the structures of composite materials used in spacecrafts will bear complex loads,including the coupling loads of tension,pressure,bending,shear,and torsion. Static loads,thermal loads,and vibration loads may occur at the same time,which asks for verification requirements to ensure the structure safety. Therefore,it is necessary to carry out a systematic multi-level experimental study. In this paper,the building block approach (BBA) is used to investigate the multilevel composite material structures for spacecrafts. The advanced measurement technology is adopted based on digital image correlation (DIC) and piezoelectric and optical fiber sensors to measure the composite material structure deformation. The virtual experiment technology is applied to provide sufficient and reliable data for the evaluation of the composite material structures of spacecrafts.

Phytoecological evaluation with detail floristic appraisal of the vegetation arround Malam Jabba,Swat,Pakistan

Objective:To determine the present status of plant communities and their possible association with the habitat in Malam Jabba,Swat,Pakistan.Methods:A study on the phytoecology was conducted in various ecologically important sites of Malam Jabba,Swat,Pakistan from 2002 to 2004.The altitude of these sites ranged from 1200 m to.1200 m.Quadrat method was used for evaluation of plants communities and the data on these attributes was converted to relative values. The plant communities were named after 3 leading species with highest importance values. Biological spectrum of the flora based on the life form was prepared by following Raunkiar's life form classes.Results:The floristic composition and structure of the study area were found to be 200 species belonging to 75 families.Asteraceae,Lamiaceae and Poaceae were important families in the study area.The biological spectrum showed that therophytic and hemicrytophytic life form and micro-nonophyllous leaf sizes were dominant in the area.The air and soil temperatures were decreasing with increasing elevation.Both the air and soil temperatures were relatively higher in south slopes than on the northeast slopes.The vegetation analysis of the area indicated eleven plant communities around the area.The present vegetation is the relics of moist temperate coniferous forest in the area.The communities reflect highly deteriorated conditions. Both the structure and composition of the surrounding vegetation were associated with the types of habitats.Conclusions:The conservation of the remaining populations of the reported communities will be best achieved by proper time of sustainable harvesting.It is only possible with the participation of local communities.

Thermochemical Evaluation of Combustion Synthesis of Al_2O_3/B_4C Composite

The equilibrium phase and adiabatic temperature for combustion synthesis of Al_2O_3/B_4C employing Al, B_2O_3 and C as starting materials is analyzed by both conventional and CALPHAD method. The adiabatic temperature calculed by CALPHAD method is significantly lower than that obtained by conventional method. The CALPHAD calculation also reveals that the equilibrium phases presented at the adiabatic temperature are different to the desired composites. The adiabatic temperature in this system can be lowered by introducing Al_2O_3 as diluents. The maximum amount of Al_2O_3 that can be added to the system while maintain a self-sustaining combusion mode is 1.3 mol.

Porosity Evaluation and the Power Spectral Densities Analyses of Carbon-Nickel Composite Films Annealed at Different Temperatures

The densification and the fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed at different temperatures 300, 500, 800, and 1000℃ with emphasis on porosity evaluation are investigated. For this purpose, the refractive index of films is determined from transmittance spectra. Three different regimes are identified, T 〈 500℃, 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ and T 〉 800℃. The Rutherford baekscattering spectra show that with increasing the annealing temperature, the concentration of nickel atoms into films decreases. It is shown that the effect of annealing temperatures for increasing films densification at T 〈 500℃ and T 〉 800℃ is greater than the effect of nickel concentrations. It is observed that the effect of decreasing nickel atoms into films at 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ strongly causes improving porosity and decreasing densification. The fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed from 300 to 500℃ are increased, while from 500 to 1000℃ these characteristics are decreased. It can be seen that at 800℃, films have maximum values of porosity and roughness.