Pollen morphology of eight species of Saxifraga,i.e.S.cespitosa,S.oppositifolia,S.cernua,S.nivalis,S.aizoides,S.rivularis,S.hieraciifolia,and S.hirculus,collected from Ny-Alesund,Svalbard,Arctic was examined using lig...Pollen morphology of eight species of Saxifraga,i.e.S.cespitosa,S.oppositifolia,S.cernua,S.nivalis,S.aizoides,S.rivularis,S.hieraciifolia,and S.hirculus,collected from Ny-Alesund,Svalbard,Arctic was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy.Pollen grains of Saxifraga species are subprolate or prolate,3-colpate,15.4–44.4μm in the polar axis,11.4–34.6μm in the equatorial axis,and show a P/E ratio 1.19–1.40.On the basis of exine ornamentation,four pollen types,viz.,the S.oppositifolia type(striate without scabrae on the muri),S.cernua type(striate with scabrae on the muri),S.nivalis type(microreticulate and operculum absent),and S.cespitosa type(microechinate and operculum present),were recognized.Hierarchical cluster analysis of the pollen morphological characters indicated that pollen morphology supports the infrageneric classification of the genus Saxifraga.展开更多
The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)in total suspended particle (TSP) were investigated at Ny-(A)lesund, Svalbard in a two-week campaign. The levels of OC and EC are 0.86 ±0.27 μgm...The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)in total suspended particle (TSP) were investigated at Ny-(A)lesund, Svalbard in a two-week campaign. The levels of OC and EC are 0.86 ±0.27 μgm-3 (mean±standard deviation) and 0. 19±0.10 μgm-3 , respectively. Back trajectory analysis of air masses arriving at Ny-(A)lesund reveals that long-range transport of polluted air play insignificant role in OC and EC levels, to which the potential influence of the local contamination were ascribed. The average OC/EC ratio is 5.41,suggesting the presence of the secondary organic aerosols. The estimated secondary organic carbon (SOC) in TSP is 0.59 μg/m3 , accounting for 64% of the total organic carbon.展开更多
对采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)一级海岸阶地上的海蚀凹槽沉积剖面进行沉积岩相学、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学研究,结果显示该剖面的70—118 cm段显著受到了海鸟粪沉积的影响,为含贝壳的海鸟粪土沉积层。该段粪土沉积层中大多数元...对采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)一级海岸阶地上的海蚀凹槽沉积剖面进行沉积岩相学、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学研究,结果显示该剖面的70—118 cm段显著受到了海鸟粪沉积的影响,为含贝壳的海鸟粪土沉积层。该段粪土沉积层中大多数元素的浓度随深度表现出明显的波动特征,其中TOC、TN、Se、Sr、CaO、Pb、As、Zn等元素含量在深度剖面上表现出较为一致的垂向变化趋势。对粪土层的元素地球化学数据进行了聚类分析,结果表明在浓度剖面上具有较好协同关系的上述元素组合与海鸟粪有机质的输入密切相关,这些具有显著地球化学性质差异的元素共生组合是北极新奥尔松粪土沉积层的生物地球化学组合的标型特征,它们的含量变化主要受控于海鸟粪对沉积物的影响程度。海鸟粪土生物地球化学标型组合特征的识别为进一步研究该地区12—4 ka B.P.的海鸟生态系统和气候演化记录提供了科学基础。展开更多
Sediment,moss and animal-dropping samples were collected from Ny-lesund of the Arctic to investigate the distribution of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the Arctic area.OCPs an...Sediment,moss and animal-dropping samples were collected from Ny-lesund of the Arctic to investigate the distribution of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the Arctic area.OCPs and PCBs were analyzed using the capillary gas chromatography(GC-ECD).Recoveries of three surrogates were at a range of 69.5～92.2%(mean:78.8%),75.1～112.1%(98.5%) and 67.7～95.1%(79.5%),and the relative standard deviations were 6.7%,8.0% and 11.3%,respectively.The major monomers of OCPs were hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs) and DDTs.Their concentrations were at a range of 0.86～4.50 ng/g(mean:2.24 ng/g) and 0.22～1.09 ng/g(mean:0.55 ng/g).The concentrations of PCBs were 0.20～3.25 ng/g(mean:0.84 ng/g) and the major congeners were tetra-,penta-,and hexa-PCBs,which were up to 23.8%、26.7% and 32.3% of total PCBs,respectively.Based on the results of the ratio analysis and the principal component analysis,the atmospheric transport is believed be one of the major input ways of OCPs and PCBs in the Ny-lesund of the Arctic.展开更多
Based on the Germany Koldwey Station's 1994-2003 conventional ob-servation hourly data,this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-termclimate characteristics for an arctic tundra region(Ny-lesund isla...Based on the Germany Koldwey Station's 1994-2003 conventional ob-servation hourly data,this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-termclimate characteristics for an arctic tundra region(Ny-lesund island)where ourfirst arctic expedition station(Huanghe Station)was located.Affected by theNorth Atlantic warming current,this area has a humid temperate climate,andthe air temperature at Ny-lesund rose above 0℃ even during deep winter sea-son during our research period.The wind speed in this area was low and appearedmost at southeast direction.We find that the temperature at Ny-lesund rose inthe faster rate(0.68℃/10 a)than those at the whole Arctic area.Comparedwith the floating ices where our expedition conducted in the Arctic,Ny-lesundwas warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed.Comparison of the nearsurface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventionalmeasurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-lesund area shows a good a-greement for winter season and a significant difference for summer season.展开更多
以2010年中国北极黄河站科学考察从新奥尔松地区采集的2个土壤和8个不同类型的沉积物样品为研究对象,采用分离培养方法及16S r RNA基因序列测定分析可培养细菌的多样性。对从10个站位分离出的343株细菌进行菌落特征分析,选取47株代表性...以2010年中国北极黄河站科学考察从新奥尔松地区采集的2个土壤和8个不同类型的沉积物样品为研究对象,采用分离培养方法及16S r RNA基因序列测定分析可培养细菌的多样性。对从10个站位分离出的343株细菌进行菌落特征分析,选取47株代表性细菌进行16S r RNA基因的分子鉴定并构建系统发育树,结果表明47株细菌归属于4个门,6个纲,18个属和29个种。在属水平上,芽孢杆菌纲细菌的多样性最为丰富,共6个属;在菌株数量上,γ-变形菌纲属于优势类群,共27株,分属于13个种。北极新奥尔松地区可培养细菌在海洋沉积物、湖泊沉积物、河流沉积物及土壤中的种属构成存在差异,其中海洋沉积物中细菌多样性最为丰富,而湖泊沉积物中细菌多样性次之。展开更多
Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment.The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-lesund is reported in this paper.Results showed that...Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment.The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-lesund is reported in this paper.Results showed that gaseous phosphine exist in Arctic atmosphere commonly and the concentration of phosphine ranged from 16.3-600.2 ng/m3, with the maximum concentration of phosphine in tundra areas and the minimum in surface air of ocean.The concentration of phosphine ranged from 65.79-1259 ng/m3 in colliery atmosphere at different altitudes and the maximum was found in the center of colliery.Emission fluxes of phosphine were different in various Arctic areas.Emission fluxes of phosphine from protected areas, with average concentration of 32.13±5.353 ng m–2 h–1, were higher than from other areas.And the flux of phosphine from ocean was lower.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41271222)Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant no.KSCX2-EW-J-1)+3 种基金Projects of the CAA,SOA(Grant nos.2012YR06006 and13/14YR05)SKLSEB-IBCAS(Grant no.56176G1048)Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists(Grant no.90004F1005)Visiting Scholarship funded by the China Scholarship Council(Grant no.201204910043)
文摘Pollen morphology of eight species of Saxifraga,i.e.S.cespitosa,S.oppositifolia,S.cernua,S.nivalis,S.aizoides,S.rivularis,S.hieraciifolia,and S.hirculus,collected from Ny-Alesund,Svalbard,Arctic was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy.Pollen grains of Saxifraga species are subprolate or prolate,3-colpate,15.4–44.4μm in the polar axis,11.4–34.6μm in the equatorial axis,and show a P/E ratio 1.19–1.40.On the basis of exine ornamentation,four pollen types,viz.,the S.oppositifolia type(striate without scabrae on the muri),S.cernua type(striate with scabrae on the muri),S.nivalis type(microreticulate and operculum absent),and S.cespitosa type(microechinate and operculum present),were recognized.Hierarchical cluster analysis of the pollen morphological characters indicated that pollen morphology supports the infrageneric classification of the genus Saxifraga.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.40306001)the Foundation for the Author of Nationa1 Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of P.R.China(Grant No.200354)from Ministry of Education of China and Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration
文摘The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)in total suspended particle (TSP) were investigated at Ny-(A)lesund, Svalbard in a two-week campaign. The levels of OC and EC are 0.86 ±0.27 μgm-3 (mean±standard deviation) and 0. 19±0.10 μgm-3 , respectively. Back trajectory analysis of air masses arriving at Ny-(A)lesund reveals that long-range transport of polluted air play insignificant role in OC and EC levels, to which the potential influence of the local contamination were ascribed. The average OC/EC ratio is 5.41,suggesting the presence of the secondary organic aerosols. The estimated secondary organic carbon (SOC) in TSP is 0.59 μg/m3 , accounting for 64% of the total organic carbon.
文摘对采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)一级海岸阶地上的海蚀凹槽沉积剖面进行沉积岩相学、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学研究,结果显示该剖面的70—118 cm段显著受到了海鸟粪沉积的影响,为含贝壳的海鸟粪土沉积层。该段粪土沉积层中大多数元素的浓度随深度表现出明显的波动特征,其中TOC、TN、Se、Sr、CaO、Pb、As、Zn等元素含量在深度剖面上表现出较为一致的垂向变化趋势。对粪土层的元素地球化学数据进行了聚类分析,结果表明在浓度剖面上具有较好协同关系的上述元素组合与海鸟粪有机质的输入密切相关,这些具有显著地球化学性质差异的元素共生组合是北极新奥尔松粪土沉积层的生物地球化学组合的标型特征,它们的含量变化主要受控于海鸟粪对沉积物的影响程度。海鸟粪土生物地球化学标型组合特征的识别为进一步研究该地区12—4 ka B.P.的海鸟生态系统和气候演化记录提供了科学基础。
基金supported by polar science strategic research foundation of Chinathe key laboratory open foundation of polar science,SOA(KP2005006)
文摘Sediment,moss and animal-dropping samples were collected from Ny-lesund of the Arctic to investigate the distribution of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the Arctic area.OCPs and PCBs were analyzed using the capillary gas chromatography(GC-ECD).Recoveries of three surrogates were at a range of 69.5～92.2%(mean:78.8%),75.1～112.1%(98.5%) and 67.7～95.1%(79.5%),and the relative standard deviations were 6.7%,8.0% and 11.3%,respectively.The major monomers of OCPs were hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs) and DDTs.Their concentrations were at a range of 0.86～4.50 ng/g(mean:2.24 ng/g) and 0.22～1.09 ng/g(mean:0.55 ng/g).The concentrations of PCBs were 0.20～3.25 ng/g(mean:0.84 ng/g) and the major congeners were tetra-,penta-,and hexa-PCBs,which were up to 23.8%、26.7% and 32.3% of total PCBs,respectively.Based on the results of the ratio analysis and the principal component analysis,the atmospheric transport is believed be one of the major input ways of OCPs and PCBs in the Ny-lesund of the Arctic.
文摘Based on the Germany Koldwey Station's 1994-2003 conventional ob-servation hourly data,this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-termclimate characteristics for an arctic tundra region(Ny-lesund island)where ourfirst arctic expedition station(Huanghe Station)was located.Affected by theNorth Atlantic warming current,this area has a humid temperate climate,andthe air temperature at Ny-lesund rose above 0℃ even during deep winter sea-son during our research period.The wind speed in this area was low and appearedmost at southeast direction.We find that the temperature at Ny-lesund rose inthe faster rate(0.68℃/10 a)than those at the whole Arctic area.Comparedwith the floating ices where our expedition conducted in the Arctic,Ny-lesundwas warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed.Comparison of the nearsurface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventionalmeasurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-lesund area shows a good a-greement for winter season and a significant difference for summer season.
文摘以2010年中国北极黄河站科学考察从新奥尔松地区采集的2个土壤和8个不同类型的沉积物样品为研究对象,采用分离培养方法及16S r RNA基因序列测定分析可培养细菌的多样性。对从10个站位分离出的343株细菌进行菌落特征分析,选取47株代表性细菌进行16S r RNA基因的分子鉴定并构建系统发育树,结果表明47株细菌归属于4个门,6个纲,18个属和29个种。在属水平上,芽孢杆菌纲细菌的多样性最为丰富,共6个属;在菌株数量上,γ-变形菌纲属于优势类群,共27株,分属于13个种。北极新奥尔松地区可培养细菌在海洋沉积物、湖泊沉积物、河流沉积物及土壤中的种属构成存在差异,其中海洋沉积物中细菌多样性最为丰富,而湖泊沉积物中细菌多样性次之。
基金supported by the China Polar Science Strategic Fund (20070214)the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse (PCRRF08016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20607009 and 20875047)
文摘Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment.The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-lesund is reported in this paper.Results showed that gaseous phosphine exist in Arctic atmosphere commonly and the concentration of phosphine ranged from 16.3-600.2 ng/m3, with the maximum concentration of phosphine in tundra areas and the minimum in surface air of ocean.The concentration of phosphine ranged from 65.79-1259 ng/m3 in colliery atmosphere at different altitudes and the maximum was found in the center of colliery.Emission fluxes of phosphine were different in various Arctic areas.Emission fluxes of phosphine from protected areas, with average concentration of 32.13±5.353 ng m–2 h–1, were higher than from other areas.And the flux of phosphine from ocean was lower.
