Partial sequences of the D-loop and the complete sequences of cytochrome b gene (1 140 bp) of the slow lorises (genus Nycticebus) were undertaken to investigate evolutionary relationships among species of Nycticebus.S...Partial sequences of the D-loop and the complete sequences of cytochrome b gene (1 140 bp) of the slow lorises (genus Nycticebus) were undertaken to investigate evolutionary relationships among species of Nycticebus.Sequence analysis results consistently provide new taxonomy evidence at the DNA level for supporting Ratajszczak and Groves’ viewpoint that N.intermedus is merely the adult of N.pygmaeus (Ratajszczak,1998;Groves,1971).Phylogenetic analysis was performed by means of the combined data and these two separate sequences data,respectively,by using various methods,supporting the same topology,in which genus Nycticebus was formed of two clusters.The first cluster was composed of N.pygmaeus,and the second cluster of N.coucang.It also could provide a new molecular genetic evidence to support the view that the genus comprises two species:N.coucang and N.pygmaeus.展开更多
The relation between evolution of spatial working memory function and of morphology of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex among the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and the tree shre...The relation between evolution of spatial working memory function and of morphology of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex among the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and the tree shrew (Tupaia belangen chinensis) were reported in present paper. The results read as follows: In the DR performance with training, the rhesus monkeys and slow lorises could reach a criterion of 90% correct response at 1.1 ± 3.2 seconds, and 3.8±0.4 seconds delay interval, respectively, by 1000 training trails. The tree shrews failed to reach the criterion of 90% correct response even at 0 seconds delay interval by 1000 training trails. If a delay interval was tested in one session (30 trails) only, doing the DR performamce without training, the rhesus monkeys reached a correct of 80% or higher in each session at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds delay, respectively. The percent correct in each session of the slow lorises showed no differences from the rhesus monkeys at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 seconds delay. However, when the delay interval was increased to 5 seconds, the percent correct of the DR performance declined to 70% or lower in the slow lorises. In the tree shrews the percent correct in each session reached to 70% or lower at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds delay interval, respectively. The morphological studies revealed that the size of the prefrontal cortex increased, and the structure got complex in the course of the evolution in primates. It is suggested that the relation of evolution between the spatial working memory function and anatomy in the prefrontal cortex might be significant among the three species, both the development of morphology and that of the spatial working memory function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are later than other regions of cerebral cortex in phylogenetic evolution course.展开更多
The Pygmy loris(Nycticebus pygmaeus) is a small prosimian living in Vietnam,Laos,eastern Cambodia and the south of part China. In China it is only found in Pingbian,Hekou,Jinping,Luchun of Yunnan Province. As N. pygma...The Pygmy loris(Nycticebus pygmaeus) is a small prosimian living in Vietnam,Laos,eastern Cambodia and the south of part China. In China it is only found in Pingbian,Hekou,Jinping,Luchun of Yunnan Province. As N. pygmaeus is seriously threatened by hunting,trade and habitat destruction,it is listed in AppendixⅡ of CITES,and in 2006 the IUCN classified it as "vulnerable". But the Pygmy loris is nocturnal which creates difficulties to study in the field. In order to understand the characteristics of energy metabolism in N. pygmaeus,the energy intake,digestable energy intake and digestability were estimated by means of feeding trials in Kunming Zoo. The results obtained mainly were as follows:N. pygmaeus intook dry food averaged 9.28±0.48 g per day. Therefore they were estimated to gain 160.94±8.05 kJ/d from food intake,and earn 34.00±7.74 kJ digestable energy intake per day with 82.84±1.98% of the digestability. All these characteristics of energy metabolism in N. pygmaeus of cage are possibly related with their body mass,climate,habitat,and might be considered as the adaptive characteristics to their survival environment in tropical semi-evergreen and secondary forests.展开更多
文摘Partial sequences of the D-loop and the complete sequences of cytochrome b gene (1 140 bp) of the slow lorises (genus Nycticebus) were undertaken to investigate evolutionary relationships among species of Nycticebus.Sequence analysis results consistently provide new taxonomy evidence at the DNA level for supporting Ratajszczak and Groves’ viewpoint that N.intermedus is merely the adult of N.pygmaeus (Ratajszczak,1998;Groves,1971).Phylogenetic analysis was performed by means of the combined data and these two separate sequences data,respectively,by using various methods,supporting the same topology,in which genus Nycticebus was formed of two clusters.The first cluster was composed of N.pygmaeus,and the second cluster of N.coucang.It also could provide a new molecular genetic evidence to support the view that the genus comprises two species:N.coucang and N.pygmaeus.
文摘The relation between evolution of spatial working memory function and of morphology of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex among the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and the tree shrew (Tupaia belangen chinensis) were reported in present paper. The results read as follows: In the DR performance with training, the rhesus monkeys and slow lorises could reach a criterion of 90% correct response at 1.1 ± 3.2 seconds, and 3.8±0.4 seconds delay interval, respectively, by 1000 training trails. The tree shrews failed to reach the criterion of 90% correct response even at 0 seconds delay interval by 1000 training trails. If a delay interval was tested in one session (30 trails) only, doing the DR performamce without training, the rhesus monkeys reached a correct of 80% or higher in each session at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds delay, respectively. The percent correct in each session of the slow lorises showed no differences from the rhesus monkeys at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 seconds delay. However, when the delay interval was increased to 5 seconds, the percent correct of the DR performance declined to 70% or lower in the slow lorises. In the tree shrews the percent correct in each session reached to 70% or lower at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds delay interval, respectively. The morphological studies revealed that the size of the prefrontal cortex increased, and the structure got complex in the course of the evolution in primates. It is suggested that the relation of evolution between the spatial working memory function and anatomy in the prefrontal cortex might be significant among the three species, both the development of morphology and that of the spatial working memory function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are later than other regions of cerebral cortex in phylogenetic evolution course.
文摘The Pygmy loris(Nycticebus pygmaeus) is a small prosimian living in Vietnam,Laos,eastern Cambodia and the south of part China. In China it is only found in Pingbian,Hekou,Jinping,Luchun of Yunnan Province. As N. pygmaeus is seriously threatened by hunting,trade and habitat destruction,it is listed in AppendixⅡ of CITES,and in 2006 the IUCN classified it as "vulnerable". But the Pygmy loris is nocturnal which creates difficulties to study in the field. In order to understand the characteristics of energy metabolism in N. pygmaeus,the energy intake,digestable energy intake and digestability were estimated by means of feeding trials in Kunming Zoo. The results obtained mainly were as follows:N. pygmaeus intook dry food averaged 9.28±0.48 g per day. Therefore they were estimated to gain 160.94±8.05 kJ/d from food intake,and earn 34.00±7.74 kJ digestable energy intake per day with 82.84±1.98% of the digestability. All these characteristics of energy metabolism in N. pygmaeus of cage are possibly related with their body mass,climate,habitat,and might be considered as the adaptive characteristics to their survival environment in tropical semi-evergreen and secondary forests.
