AIM： To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） in retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata （AE） on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METH...AIM： To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） in retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata （AE） on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METHODS： C57BL/6mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were fed daily with AE extract or control （CTL） diet at the onset of diabetes mellitus （DM）. Two months af- tar injection of streptozotocin or saline, the degree of cell death and the expression of O-GIcNAc transferase （OGT）, N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase （OGA）, O-GIcNAcylated pro- teins, and O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB were examined. RESULTS： AE did not affect the metabolic status of diabetic mice. The decrease in the inner retinal thickness （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.01 vs DM） and increases in RGCs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM）, glial activation, and active caspase-3 （P〈0.0001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM） were blocked in diabetic retinas of AE extract-fed mice. Expression levels of protein O-GIcNAcylation and OGT were increased in diabetic retinas （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）, and the level of O-GIcNAcylation of the NF-KB p65 subunit was higher in diabetic retinas than in controls （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）. AE extract downregulated O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB and prevented neurodegeneration induced by hyperglycemia （P〈0.0001 vs DM）. CONCLUSION： O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB is concerned in neuronal degeneration and that AE prevents diabetes-in- duced RGC apoptosis via downregulation of NF-KB O-GI- cNAcylation. Hence, O-GIcNAcylation may be a new object for the treatment of DR, and AE may have therapeutic pos- sibility to prevent diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.展开更多
Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood.Here,we report that CO_(2)acc...Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood.Here,we report that CO_(2)accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu_(2)O to Cu@CuxO composites,ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic performances.The CO_(2)-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO_(2)RR,whereas the CO_(2)-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution reaction.With the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations,we uncover a CO_(2)-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reductionresistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by*CO intermediates.Additionally,we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of C2H4.An inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed,suggesting that the selfstabilization process involving the absorption of*CO intermediates on Cu(I)sites is essential for durable electrolysis.Guided by this insight,we design hollow Cu_(2)O nanospheres for durable and selective CO_(2)RR electrolysis in producing C2H4.Our work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.展开更多
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning 2014049413,NRF-2015R1A5A2008833 and NRF-2015R1C1A1A02037702
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） in retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata （AE） on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METHODS： C57BL/6mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were fed daily with AE extract or control （CTL） diet at the onset of diabetes mellitus （DM）. Two months af- tar injection of streptozotocin or saline, the degree of cell death and the expression of O-GIcNAc transferase （OGT）, N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase （OGA）, O-GIcNAcylated pro- teins, and O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB were examined. RESULTS： AE did not affect the metabolic status of diabetic mice. The decrease in the inner retinal thickness （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.01 vs DM） and increases in RGCs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM）, glial activation, and active caspase-3 （P〈0.0001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM） were blocked in diabetic retinas of AE extract-fed mice. Expression levels of protein O-GIcNAcylation and OGT were increased in diabetic retinas （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）, and the level of O-GIcNAcylation of the NF-KB p65 subunit was higher in diabetic retinas than in controls （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）. AE extract downregulated O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB and prevented neurodegeneration induced by hyperglycemia （P〈0.0001 vs DM）. CONCLUSION： O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB is concerned in neuronal degeneration and that AE prevents diabetes-in- duced RGC apoptosis via downregulation of NF-KB O-GI- cNAcylation. Hence, O-GIcNAcylation may be a new object for the treatment of DR, and AE may have therapeutic pos- sibility to prevent diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22479097)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.23ZR1433000)the National High-Level Talent Program for Young Scholars,the Start-up Fund(F.S.)from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood.Here,we report that CO_(2)accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu_(2)O to Cu@CuxO composites,ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic performances.The CO_(2)-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO_(2)RR,whereas the CO_(2)-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution reaction.With the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations,we uncover a CO_(2)-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reductionresistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by*CO intermediates.Additionally,we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of C2H4.An inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed,suggesting that the selfstabilization process involving the absorption of*CO intermediates on Cu(I)sites is essential for durable electrolysis.Guided by this insight,we design hollow Cu_(2)O nanospheres for durable and selective CO_(2)RR electrolysis in producing C2H4.Our work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.
