Hypermethylation of CpG island in O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene was associated with K-rasG to A mutation in colorectal tumor

AIM: To investigate the functions of promoter hypermethylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in colorectal tumorigenesis and progression.METHODS: The promoter hypermethylation of MGMT gene was detected in 27 sporadic colorectal adenomas,62 sporadic colorectal carcinomas and 20 normal colorectal mucosa tissues by methylation-specific PCR. At the same time, the expression of MGMT protein was carried out in the same samples using immunohistochemistry. Mutantallele-specific amplification was used to detect K-rasG to A point mutation in codon 12.RESULTS: None of the normal colorectal mucosa tissues showed methylated bands. Promoter hypermethylation was detected in 40.7% (11 of 27) of adenomas and 43.5% (27 of 62) of carcinomas. MGMT proteins were expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm of normal colorectal mucosa tissues. Loss of MGMT expression was found in 22.2% (6 of 27) of adenomas and 45.2% (28 of 62) of carcinomas. The difference between them was significant (P = 0.041). In the 6 adenomas and 28 carcinomas losing MGMT expression, 5 and 24 cases presented methylation,respectively (P = 0.027, P＜0.001). Thirteen of the 19 colorectal tumors with K-rasG to A point mutation in codon 12 had methylated MGMT(P = 0.011). The frequencies of K-rasG to A point mutation were 35.3% (12 of 34) and 12.7% (7 of 55) in tumors losing MGMT expression and with normal expression, respectively.CONCLUSION: Promoter hypermethylation and loss of expression of MGMT gene were common events in colorectal tumorigenesis, and loss of expression of MGMT occurs more frequently in carcinomas than in adenomas in sporadic patients. Hypermethylation of the CpG island of MGMT gene was associated with loss of MGMT expression and K-ras G to A point mutation in colorectal tumor. The frequency of K-ras G to A point mutation was increased in tumors losing MGMT expression. It suggests that epigenetic inactivation of MGMT plays an important role in colorectal neoplasia.

O^6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY AND SENSITIVITY OF 20 CHINESE TUMOR CELL STRAINS TO 1-(4-AMINO-2-METHYL-5-PYRIMIDINYL) METHYL-3-(2-CHLOROETHYL)-3-NITROSOUREA

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) plays an important role in repairing alkylated DNA. MGMT activity as well as cellular sensitivity to 1- ( 4- amino- 2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3- ( 2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU) of 20 Chinese tumor cell strains were assayed. A linear response between MGMT activity and ACNU sensitivity (D10) was observed. The lower the MGMT activity In the cells, the more the sensitivity to ACNU killing. It suggested that assay of MGMT activity in tumor biopsy could be used as a guide to predict the effectiveness of ACNU treatment in chemotherapy of human cancer.

Temozolomide and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients:O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status and Ki-67 as biomarkers for survival and response to treatment

Objective:This phase II study aimed at investigating the correlation between O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and protein expression,together with Ki-67 labeling index (LI),to response,time to progression (TTP),and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients treated with temozolomide (TMZ) concomitant with and adjuvant to radiotherapy (RT).Methods:From June 2005 to August 2008,34 adult patients (18-65 years),PS ≥70,with newly diagnosed GBM received TMZ 75 mg/m2 plus RT up to 60 Gy,followed by TMZ 175 mg/m2 5 days every 4 weeks for 12 doses.MGMT Methylation-specific PCR assay,MGMT protein expression,and Ki-67 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on the tissue blocks.The patients were followed by MRI while MR spectroscopy (MRS) was performed for the stable cases or to confirm progression and accordingly Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks was added to 7 patients till further progression was proved.Results:31 cases were evaluable,12 (38.7%) had unmethylated MGMT,while 19 (61.3%) were methylated.Seventeen cases (55%) were MGMT immunonegative while 14 cases (45%) were immunopositive.The cut off value of Ki-67 LI in relation to survival was 17%,where 15 were < 17% (48.4%),and 16 were ≥ 17% (51.6%).Response evaluation started after the second dose of the adjuvant TMZ and was repeated every 2 months.The overall disease control rate (ODC) was 74.2%,where 2 patients had complete response (CR),14 had partial response (PR),and 7 had stable disease (SD),while 8 (25.8%) had progressive disease (PD).The ODC was significantly higher among methylated patients and in those with Ki-67 < 17% (P=0.0003).The median overall TTP was 12 months and the median OS was 20 months for all the patients including those who received Bevacizumab for some stable cases or as a salvage treatment in patients with good PS,the MGMT-methylated patients had a higher median TTP of 13 months (range 8 to 18 months,95% CI of 9.36 to 12.9),and OS of 24 months (range 12 to 31 months,95% CI of 16.1 to 21.32),while the unmethylated patients had a median TTP of 6.5 months and a median OS of 12 months,such correlations were highly significant (P=0.0001).MGMT immunoexpression failed to show significant correlation with MGMT promotor methylation or the outcome of the patients.Patients with Ki-67 < 17% had a median TTP of 16 months and median OS of 24 months compared to 7 and 12.5 months respectively for the patients with Ki-67 ≥17%.Significant correlation was found between the ODC,TTP,and OS with age < 52,near total excision,and TMZ doses received ≥ 10.The commonest grade 3 and 4 toxicities was neutropenia recorded in 3 patients (9.67%),thrombocytopenia in 4 patients (12.9%),and one patient with G3 nausea,vomiting,and constipations (3%),all were medically manageable.Conclusion:MGMT promotor methylation status and Ki-67 LI (but not the MGMT protein expression),could serve as prognostic markers for survival,also MGMT could identify the newly diagnosed GBM patients who will have better response to TMZ.

Study on the Relationship Between Depletion of O^6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase and Cancer Chemotherapy

Drug resistance is still one of the major problems in cancer therapy. However, during the past several years, many efforts have been focused on reversing or depleting the molecular basis of drug resistance along with the elucidating of the mechanisms involved.Nitrosourea compounds such as 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and 1, 3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) are an important class of useful antitumor drugs. They exert their antitumor activity by alkylating the O^6 position of guanine and leading to a DNA interstrand cross-link. Introcellular O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (O^6-MT) can repair the mentioned DNA lesions and thus plays an important role in determining the sensitivity of

O^6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE AND HUMAN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY

Two kinds of human tumor cell strains having different activity of O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (O^6-MT) were transplanted into nude mice. Then the mice were inject-ed intraperitoneally with bifunctional alkylating agent 1--(4--amino--2-methyl--5--pyrimidinyl)methy1-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU). The tumors with low O^6-MTactivity were quickly suppressed or cured. The result suggests that some tumors, if previ-sionally determined with low O^6-MT activity, might be efficiently cured by treatment withACNU. This probably opens a new way for human cancer chemotherapy.

基于MRI的神经网络模型预测胶质母细胞瘤O^(6)-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA-甲基转移酶启动子状态

目的基于神经网络模型使用术前常规模态磁共振图像预测胶质母细胞瘤O^(6)-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA-甲基转移酶(MGMT)启动子甲基化状态。方法回顾性分析兰州大学第二医院经手术病理证实的129例胶质母细胞瘤患者的T2WI序列和T1WI对比增强序列的磁共振图像,其中MGMT甲基化患者66例,MGMT非甲基化患者63例。基于EfficientNet卷积神经网络分别构建T2-net、T1C-net及两种序列联合的TS-net,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、曲线下面积(AUC)敏感度、准确度及特异度评价模型预测效能。结果TS-net在训练和验证数据集的AUC分别为0.944和0.838,T1C-net模型的AUC分别为0.951和0.830,T2-net的AUC分别为0.929和0.781。结论基于磁共振常规序列图像训练深度学习模型可有效预测胶质母细胞瘤患者的MGMT甲基化状态,帮助制定进一步治疗计划。

Protective effect of O^6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase on mammalian cells

Background O^6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase （MGMT） is a specific DNA revising enzyme transferring alkylated groups from DNA to its cysteine residue to avoid the abnormal twisting of DNA. Therefore, it is one of the drug resistant genes targeted in the treatment of cancer. This study explored the protective effect of MGMT gene transferred into mammalian cells. Methods Mammalian expression vector containing the MGMT gene cloned from human hepatocytes by RT-PCR was constructed and transferred into K562 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） via liposome, then assayed for gene expression at RNA and protein levels. MIF assay was used to check the drug resistance of cells transfected with MGMT gene. Results MGMT gene was successfully cloned. Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression in gene transfected groups in K562 cell line and PBMC were 13.4 and 4.0 times that of the empty vector transfected groups respectively. Results of Western blotting showed distinct higher expression of MGMT in gene transfected group than in other two groups. The IC50 values increased to 7 and 2 times that of the original values respectively in stable transfected K562 cells and transient transfected PBMC. Conclusion The alkylating resistance of eukaryotic cells is enhanced after being transfected with MGMT gene which protein product performs the protective function, and may provide the reference for the protective model of peripheral blood cells in cancer chemotherapy.

O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene expression confers alkylation resistance to tumor cells

The emergence of drug resistance is a major obstacle limiting the successful chemotherapy of malignant tumors. Our previous studies have demonstrated that O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT, EC 2.1.1.63) is an important contributor to tumor cellular resistance toward mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents, such as 1- (4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3- (2-chloroethyl) -3-nitrosourea (ACNU) and N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Mechanistically, MGMT can specifically remove the induced alkyl groups at the O^6-position of guanine which finally would lead to a G→ A transition or a lethal DNA interstrand cross-link unless repaired. Cells

p53、O^(6)-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶在老年脑胶质瘤患者中的表达及其与预后的相关性分析

目的探究p53、O^(6)-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase,MGMT)在老年脑胶质瘤患者中的表达及其与预后的相关性。方法选取2019年8月至2022年6月新疆喀什地区第二人民医院收治的49例老年脑胶质瘤患者的组织标本为试验组,另选取新疆喀什地区第二人民医院同期收治的35例高血压性脑出血患者的正常脑组织标本为对照组。根据WHO分级将老年脑胶质瘤患者分为Ⅰ/Ⅱ级老年脑胶质瘤组(21例)和Ⅲ/Ⅳ级老年脑胶质瘤组(28例)。根据预后不同将老年脑胶质瘤患者分为预后不良组(27例)和预后良好组(22例)。比较分析对照组与试验组患者的p53、MGMT阳性表达率,不同级别老年脑胶质瘤患者的p53、MGMT阳性表达率,不同预后老年脑胶质瘤患者的p53、MGMT阳性表达率。分析p53、MGMT阳性表达率与老年脑胶质瘤患者临床病理特征的关系以及p53、MGMT阳性表达率与老年脑胶质瘤患者预后的相关性。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析p53、MGMT阳性表达率对老年脑胶质瘤患者预后不良的预测价值。结果试验组患者的p53、MGMT阳性表达率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ/Ⅳ级老年脑胶质瘤组患者的p53、MGMT阳性表达率均显著高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ级老年脑胶质瘤组(P<0.05)。预后不良组患者的p53、MGMT阳性表达率均显著高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。p53、MGMT阳性表达率与老年脑胶质瘤患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置等临床病理特征无关(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,p53、MGMT阳性表达率均与老年脑胶质瘤患者的预后呈显著负相关(r=-0.575,P=0.001;r=-0.528,P=0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示,血清p53、MGMT阳性表达率联合指标预测老年脑胶质瘤患者预后不良的曲线下面积为0.912,显著高于p53阳性表达率(曲线下面积为0.734)和MGMT阳性表达率(曲线下面积为0.788)单一指标(P<0.05)。结论脑胶质瘤组织中的p53、MGMT阳性表达率明显升高,与肿瘤分级、预后显著相关,且对老年脑胶质瘤患者的预后不良具有一定预测价值。

O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA-甲基转移酶基因表达与胃癌发生的关系

目的研究人胃癌组织O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA-甲基转移酶(MGMT)基因的表达特点及其与胃癌发生的关系。方法应用加强型原位杂交方法及寡核苷酸探针高效标记技术对76例胃癌组织、73例癌旁组织、20例正常胃组织进行MGMT基因标记检测,同时应用自动图像分析系统进行定量分析。结果胃癌组织MGMT基因阳性表达率为40.8%(31/76),低于正常胃组织的60.0%(12/20),MGMT表达强阳性率为32.3%(10/31),也明显低于正常组织的83.3%(10/12),差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);癌旁组织MGMT基因阳性表达率为46.6%(34/73),MG-MT表达强阳性率为41.1%(14/34),与胃癌组织差异无显著性意义。定量分析示,胃癌组织MGMT阳性表达的积分吸光度、阳性单位值明显低于正常组织(P<0.05)。胃癌组织与癌旁组织、早期胃癌与进展期胃癌组织、癌旁不同程度不典型增生之间MGMT表达无明显差异。结论人体胃组织存在高度表达的MGMT基因,胃癌发生与MGMT基因表达水平降低有关,MGMT基因异常表达是胃癌形态学改变出现之前的早期行为。

潮汕地区食管癌患者O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶基因多态性的分析

背景与目的初步研究中国食管癌高发区之一潮汕地区食管癌患者和正常人群O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)基因编码84、143及160位密码子的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)。材料与方法应用双色荧光杂交微阵列技术分别检测潮汕地区100例食管鳞状细胞癌患者及65例健康对照外周血MGMT基因84位密码子(C2740214T)单核苷酸多态性;用同样的方法检测76例食管鳞状细胞癌患者和50例健康对照MGMT基因143位密码子(A2798995G)、160位密码子(G2799046A)单核苷酸多态性。结果基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。统计分析显示食管鳞状细胞癌组与对照组84位密码子2740214C和2740214T等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(P=0.402),2740214CT基因型在病例组和对照组中所占的比例分别为16%和12.3%,2740214TT基因型在病例组中所占的比例是2%。食管鳞状细胞癌组变异基因型拥有者(CT+TT)高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.327),2740214TT基因型仅见于个别肿瘤患者,而在正常对照中未发现。143位密码子A2798995G位点仅在对照组中发现一例杂合子,其余均为野生型纯合子,病例组与对照组基因型和等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义。160位密码子G2799046A位点检测在所有的病人和对照中均为野生型纯合子。结论潮汕地区食管鳞状细胞癌患者和正常人群中存在MGMT基因多态性,84位密码子C2740214T位点的突变型纯合子仅见于肿瘤患者,可能与食管鳞状细胞癌有关。

近红外光谱法非破坏性同时测定海洛因、O^6单乙酰吗啡、乙酰可待因

提出了近红外漫反射光谱快速无损测定缴获白粉中海洛因、O6单乙酰吗啡、乙酰可待因含量新方法。采用GC-MS分析了缴获88份白粉中这3组分的质量百分含量范围分别为12.15%~79.54%,0.4%~18.56%,0.23%~9.11%。以交叉验证误差均方根(RMSECV)为指标,确定各组分用于建模的最优近红外波段和光谱预处理方法,采用偏最小二乘算法建立近红外光谱与这三组分GC-MS分析值之间的校正模型,并以此预测了35个白粉样本。δ代表预测样本NIR值/GC-MS值,海洛因、O6单乙酰吗啡、乙酰可待因δ值的均值为100.63%,100.35%和98.71%,RSD分别为3.96%,7.02%,8.54%。该方法快速无损,结果可靠。

O^6-苄基鸟嘌呤增强BCNU体外和体内抗肿瘤作用的研究

探讨Ｏ６－苄基鸟嘌呤（Ｏ６－ＢＧ）对Ｏ６－烷基鸟嘌呤－ＤＮＡ烷基转移酶（Ｏ６－ＡＧＴ）阳性（或ｍｅｒ＋）的人胃癌细胞ＢＧＣ－８２３和人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１对ＢＣＮＵ细胞毒作用敏感性的影响及其与ＢＣＮＵ合用治疗移植瘤的协同效果。方法：应用ＭＴＴ试验检测Ｏ６－ＢＧ与ＢＣＮＵ合用的细胞毒作用，转移酶活性用从３Ｈ－甲基ＤＮＡ底物转移的Ｏ６－［３Ｈ］甲基鸟嘌呤数表示。结果：１．５～６．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的Ｏ６－ＢＧ预先作用２ｈ后，ＢＧＣ－８２３和ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞对ＢＣＮＵ的敏感性明显增加；０．７５～６．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的Ｏ６－ＢＧ可完全快速地抑制两种肿瘤细胞的转移酶活性并持续１２ｈ；腹腔注射９０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１的Ｏ６－ＢＧ预处理２ｈ后给予２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１的ＢＣＮＵ治疗，可使动物皮下接种的人胃癌移植瘤生长延迟３８．６ｄ以及人肝癌移植瘤生长延迟３８．７ｄ，并且可明显抑制肿瘤组织的转移酶活性。结论为Ｏ６－ＢＧ与ＢＣＮＵ合用于ｍｅｒ＋的肿瘤具有明显的治疗效果。

中国人肿瘤细胞中O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤DNA甲基转移酶活性与对嘧啶亚硝脲敏感性的关系

分析了20株中国人肿瘤细胞的O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤DNA甲基转移酶(O^6-MT)活性及对嘧啶亚硝脲ACNU的敏感性,发现两者间有较好的线性关系,O^6-MT低,对ACNU敏感,提示O^6-MT可作为使用ACNU对肿瘤化疗时的一项予见性指标。

O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤DNA转移酶在神经胶质瘤中的表达及其与亚硝脲耐药的关系

目的 :探讨O6 甲基鸟嘌呤DNA转移酶 (MGMT)在人脑神经胶质瘤中的表达情况及其与亚硝脲耐药之间的关系。方法 :采用免疫组化法对人脑神经胶质瘤石蜡标本中MGMT进行了检测 ,并与临床应用亚硝脲的疗效评价结果进行了比较。结果 :116例神经胶质瘤中MGMT阳性表达率为 6 7.2 %。MGMT阳性表达率最高者为髓母细胞瘤 (10 0 % ) ,表达率最低者为少枝胶质细胞瘤 (35 .7% )。在使用亚硝脲治疗的患者中 ,MGMT阳性表达与亚硝脲化疗效果呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。肿瘤细胞的耐药程度与MGMT表达强度无关 ,只与其是否阳性有关。结论 :不同病理类型的神经胶质瘤对亚硝脲的耐药和敏感性明显不同。化疗前检测神经胶质瘤MGMT的表达情况 ,对预测化疗敏感性、指导临床使用亚硝脲化疗具有重要意义。

O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的:检测大肠癌组织中O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)的表达情况及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用和临床意义。方法:采用SABC免疫组化法检测79例大肠癌标本中MGMT的表达情况。结果:大肠癌中MGMT阳性率为53.16%(42/79),其阳性表达与性别、癌细胞浸润深度无关(P>0.05),与患者年龄、淋巴结转移情况有关(P<0.05)。结论:检测MGMT的表达情况对于大肠癌恶性程度的判断及临床化疗方案的制定具有指导作用。

铂类络合物引起的DNA O^6-AGT的耗竭及染色体损伤

本文测定了KB,CHL,HL-60和L1210细胞DNA鸟嘌呤O^6-烷基转移酶(O^6-AGT)活性。结果表明,KB细咆有较高的O^6-AGT活性,系Mer^+细胞。而CHL,HL-60和L1210细胞的O^6-AGT活性低,属于Mer^-细胞。在此基础上我们观察了顺铂(DDP)、宁辛铂(樟脑胺氯乙酸铂,CCP)和碳铂(JM-8)对KB(Mer^+)细胞O^6-AGT的影响及Mer^+和Mer^-细胞的杀伤及微核的诱发作用。结果表明,三种络合物在等毒性浓度下对O^6-AGT耗竭程序是CCP>DDP>JM-8,但这种耗竭与杀细胞作用无明显相关性而与微核诱发作用相关。此结果提示铂类络合物对DNA鸟嘌呤O^6的损伤可能是其致痛致突变的原因之一。

O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶与肿瘤

DNA修复酶O6 -甲基鸟嘌呤 -DNA甲基转移酶 (MGMT)是机体修复烷基加合物的关键酶。该酶结构与功能异常与肿瘤发生、发现、有效治疗及肿瘤耐药性等方面都有着密切的联系 ,本文综述了近年来的研究进展。

乳腺癌组织中O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶的表达

采用原位杂交方法检测30例乳腺癌组织O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)表达水平。结果显示,MGMT阳性率为93.4%(28/30),其中高表达28.6%(8/28),中、低表达71.4%(20/28)。乳腺癌组织MGMT的表达与临床分期无关。