O-GlcNAc修饰在糖尿病心肌病中的作用及机制研究进展

糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性紊乱疾病。据统计,我国2021年糖尿病患者数量已高达1.41亿[1]。糖尿病引发的心血管意外已成为患者死亡的主要原因,且死亡率明显高于非糖尿病患者[2]。糖尿病心肌病(diabetic cardiomyopathy, DCM)是一种因长期高血糖引起的心脏结构和功能异常的疾病,与多种信号通路有关。

O-抗原糖基转移酶对嗜水气单胞菌环境适应性及致病性的影响

[目的]本文旨在探究4种O-抗原糖基转移酶(glycosyltransferase,GT)对嗜水气单胞菌NJ-35环境适应性和毒力的影响。[方法]采用同源重组技术构建GT基因缺失株ΔGT-1、ΔGT-2、ΔGT-3和ΔGT-4,比较缺失株与野生株在体外生长、抗应激、抗吞噬、细胞黏附能力、对斑马鱼毒力以及脂多糖(LPS)表达量等方面的差异。[结果]在含有20 g·L^(-1)NaCl的高渗LB(Luria-Bertani)培养基中,相比野生(WT)菌株,4个缺失株生长均未发生明显变化;在2 mmol·L^(-1)H _(2)O_(2)的强氧化应激条件下,4个缺失株抗氧化能力显著降低,特别是缺失株ΔGT-3存活率下降90%,ΔGT-4存活率下降86.5%,另外2株缺失株存活率下降近40%;在LB培养基(pH5.0)中作用30 min,4个缺失株存活率相比野生株均明显降低,其中ΔGT-3存活率下降近30%;4个缺失株对上皮细胞的黏附能力均显著降低,抗吞噬能力均显著增强;相比野生株,ΔGT-4对斑马鱼半数致死量(LD 50)上升近20倍,其他缺失株的毒力无明显变化;4个缺失株的LPS表达量均降低,且ΔGT-1和ΔGT-4的LPS最高分子质量条带出现缺失。[结论]O-抗原糖基转移酶有助于嗜水气单胞菌抵抗酸应激和氧化应激环境,并在该菌的黏附和毒力上发挥重要作用。

酯化酶甾醇O-酰基转移酶1在恶性肿瘤中作用的研究进展

甾醇O-酰基转移酶1(SOAT1)是一种位于内质网内的酯化酶,催化细胞内游离胆固醇转化为脂滴。SOAT1被发现在多种恶性肿瘤内高表达,并与恶性肿瘤增殖、侵袭迁移紧密相关。这表明SOAT1有潜力成为恶性肿瘤早期诊断的生物标志物和治疗新靶点。本文就SOAT1的结构、功能及其在恶性肿瘤中作用的相关研究进展进行综述。

O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰在糖尿病性白内障中的作用

目的:分析O-连接N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(O-GlcNAc)修饰在年龄相关性白内障和糖尿病性白内障晶状体前囊膜中的表达变化,探讨O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰在糖尿病性白内障中的作用。方法:以糖尿病性白内障患者54例56眼和年龄相关性白内障患者115例120眼的晶状体前囊膜为研究对象,利用免疫印迹技术检测年龄相关性和糖尿病性白内障晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc蛋白的表达水平,富集晶状体前囊膜组织中O-GlcNAc糖蛋白并通过质谱方法鉴定两组样本晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc差异蛋白的表达。结果:免疫印迹结果显示,糖尿病性白内障组晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc蛋白表达水平显著高于年龄相关性白内障组(P<0.01),且随着糖化血红蛋白水平的升高,O-GlcNAc蛋白表达水平也升高(P<0.01)。我们采用质谱法对糖尿病性白内障和年龄相关性白内障晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc蛋白进行差异分析,在糖尿病性白内障组中发现5种表达上调的O-GlcNAc蛋白(FABP5、KRT16、PGK1、CTSD、S100A7),18种表达下调的O-GlcNAc蛋白(CRYβB1等),同时我们还鉴定出3个新的O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰位点:蛋白质PTPRQ的T1730和S1738位的O-GlcNAc糖基化和蛋白质ATP5MC2的T61位的O-GlcNAc糖基化。结论:O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰可能参与了糖尿病性白内障的形成和发展。质谱鉴定出的O-GlcNAc差异蛋白为进一步研究糖尿病性白内障的发病机制提供了理论依据。

保健食品中O-丙基羟基伐地那非的快速筛查、确证和定量测定

目的利用高分辨质谱仪快速筛查壮阳类保健食品中的磷酸二酯酶5型抑制剂(phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors,PDE-5i),确证其中发现的新型非法添加物并建立定量检测方法。方法采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱仪(ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对20批次保健食品中的非法添加物进行日常非靶向筛查,在2批次压片糖果中鉴别出一种新型伐地那非类似物。结合化合物的质谱裂解规律及核磁共振波谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry,NMR)对未知物结构进行确证。采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-coupled triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)建立了典型食品基质中未知物的定量检测方法。结果未知物被确证为O-丙基羟基伐地那非。该物质溶剂校准和基质匹配曲线在2~100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.995,检出限为0.05 mg/kg,定量限为0.10 mg/kg。在固体饮料、压片糖果、果冻基质中3个水平加标回收率为94.45%~104.16%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.70%~4.02%。采用该方法测得2批次阳性样品中O-丙基羟基伐地那非的含量分别为22.0 mg/kg、13.8 g/kg。结论本方法适用于食品中那非类似物的快速筛查,用于O-丙基羟基伐地那非的定量检测高效、灵敏、准确。本研究为食品基质中非法添加物的系统性确证和定量研究提供了可供借鉴的参考模型。

食品中一种新型非法添加物O-丙基伐地那非的快速筛查和定量测定

目的对在食品中发现的一种非法添加的新型磷酸二酯酶5型(phosphodiesterase type 5,PDE-5)抑制剂O-丙基伐地那非进行结构解析并建立定量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法(high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector,HPLC-DAD)发现了一种未知的新型伐地那非类似物,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)对其结构进行质谱解析,并依据解析的化学结构购买对照品,确定该物质为O-丙基伐地那非。采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-coupled triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)建立典型食品中O-丙基伐地那非的定量测定方法。结果O-丙基伐地那非在0.50~50.25 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.9998,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.02mg/kg,方法的定量限(S/N=10)为0.05mg/kg,在咖啡、压片糖果、保健酒基质中3个水平加样回收率分别为91.8%~93.9%、84.9%~87.3%和95.6%~103.0%,相对标准偏差均不大于4.6%。采用该方法对市场监管部门送检的93批样品进行测定,结果其中17批检出O-丙基伐地那非,其含量为28~359 mg/kg。结论所建立的方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于O-丙基伐地那非的筛查和定量。本研究思路可给其他非法添加未知物的鉴定提供参考。

O,O-二烷基硫代磷酰氯制备过程中一氯化硫处理进展

O,O-二烷基硫代磷酰氯是一种重要的农药中间体,可用于制备多种有机磷类杀虫剂。基于五硫化二磷合成O,O-二烷基硫代磷酰氯是目前研究热点,综述了以五硫化二磷为原料合成O,O-二烷基硫代磷酰氯过程中一氯化硫的处理方法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。

固醇O-酰基转移酶1在肿瘤中的研究进展

固醇O-酰基转移酶1(SOAT1),又称为酰基辅酶A、胆固醇酰基转移酶1(ACAT1),是胆固醇酯化途径中至关重要的酶,其可将内质网中的胆固醇转化为胆固醇酯,随后储存于脂滴中,以维持细胞内脂质代谢平衡。研究发现,SOAT1不仅与动脉粥样硬化和阿尔茨海默病等的发生发展密切相关,还在促进肿瘤发生发展中发挥重要作用。在多种肿瘤中,SOAT1高表达与患者的预后不良密切相关,SOAT1被认为可能成为多种肿瘤患者预后的生物标志物和治疗靶点。本文对SOAT1的结构功能及其在肿瘤中的作用进行综述,以期为SOAT1的进一步研究及临床应用提供参考。

蛋白质O-连接-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺修饰在心力衰竭中的作用的研究进展

蛋白质O-连接-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(O-GlcNAc)修饰是细胞内普遍存在的重要蛋白质翻译后修饰,对于细胞生物学功能至关重要。这种翻译后修饰可影响细胞的翻译与转运,对维持和促进正常细胞发挥功能有重要意义。蛋白质O-GlcNAc修饰对心脏组织有重要作用,短期内增加的蛋白质O-GlcNAc对心脏有保护作用,而长期增加的蛋白质O-GlcNAc导致心脏功能障碍。蛋白质O-GlcNAc修饰在心血管疾病中的辅助治疗作用已成为当前研究热点。现就蛋白质O-GlcNAc修饰在心力衰竭中的作用的研究进展进行综述。

NEW MODEL OF THEODOLITE INDUSTRIAL MEASURING SYSTEM

Comparing with the coordinates measuring machine (CMM),the theodolite industrial measuring system (TIMS) can be easily moved and it can measure large sized industrial targets contactlessly.But up to now the precision of the TIMS has been considered so low that the TIMS isnt applied to some precise measurements.The error in self locating TIMS is a main factor which affects the precision of the TIMS.A new model of the TIMS is given out in this paper,and it can eliminate the error in self locating the TIMS.The new model is not only investigated and analyzed theoretically but also verified by the real measured data.

Theoretical Study of Multi-Theodolite Measurement System

In the field of aerospace, theodolite system is often used in the inspection of large object. A new measurement system that consists of four theodolites is presented in this paper, with which the "blind" problem raised in Original dual-theodolite system can be overcome. The principle of multi-theodolite system, together with the mathematicalmodel (both of calibration and of measurement) is given. And also the calibration process is discussed.

THE THEORY AND APPLICATION OF THE STRUCTURE LIGHT ENGINEERING SURVEYING BASED ON A LASER THEODOLITE WITH THREE FREEDOMS OF ROTATION

The concepts of “confining structure” and structure light are illuminated in this paper.A laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation,which is aimed at “confining structure”,is developed.Various scanning modes and their mathematical models based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation are discussed.According to the features of a huge object,,the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is determined as the main method in an actual application.The observation of four sound concrete posts and forced centering plates.Subsequently,it is transformed into the huge object coordinate system.The scanning mode with plumb plane is selected as the main mode in the whole work.And other assistant methods,such as close range photogrammetry and the method of using reflection sheet,are applied to the work of “scanning dead angle”.At last,a surveying accuracy estimation of this method is done and a surveying accuracy test is finished.It can be concluded that the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is considered to be an effective and applied method,and has many superiority to some other surveying methods in the work of surveying “confining structure”.

Improvement Detecting Method of Optical Axes Parallelism of Shipboard Photoelectrical Theodolite Based on Image Processing

An improvement detecting method was proposed according to the disadvantages of testing method of optical axes parallelism of shipboard photoelectrical theodolite (short for theodolite) based on image processing. Pointolite replaced 0.2'' collimator to reduce the errors of crosshair images processing and improve the quality of image. What’s more, the high quality images could help to optimize the image processing method and the testing accuracy. The errors between the trial results interpreted by software and the results tested in dock were less than 10'', which indicated the improve method had some actual application values.

具有PDA-UiO-66中间层耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的制备及性能

将多巴胺和Ui O-66纳米颗粒共沉积在经1,6-己二胺交联的聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)基膜上构建了纳米复合中间层(PDA-UiO-66),并在中间层上进行界面聚合反应制备了耐溶剂复合纳滤膜(TFN-U)。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM、AFM、水接触角测量仪对膜结构进行了表征和测试,探究了Ui O-66质量浓度对TFN-U膜耐溶剂性、耐污染性以及运行稳定性的影响。结果表明,PDA-Ui O-66纳米复合中间层的引入能提高TFN-U膜的渗透通量,当Ui O-66纳米颗粒质量浓度为0.2 g/L时,TFN-U2膜水通量为63.83 L/(m^(2)·h),甲醇通量为28.50L/(m^(2)·h),对刚果红水溶液和刚果红甲醇溶液的截留率为98.2%和93.2%,经无水乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、正己烷及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)浸泡48h后,其对刚果红的截留率均>94%,通量恢复率达到78.1%,在连续24 h过滤刚果红甲醇溶液后,该膜的甲醇通量为14.13L/(m^(2)·h),截留率为98.3%,表明TFN-U2膜具有良好的耐溶剂性、耐污染性以及一定的运行稳定性。

Bundle adjustment for data processing of theodolite industrial surveying system

The photogrammetric bundle adjustment was used in data processing of electronic theodolite industrial surveying system by converting angular observations into virtual photo coordinates. The developed algorithm has ability of precision estimation and data snooping, do not need initial values of exterior orientation elements and object point coordinates. The form of control condition for the system is quite flexible. Neither centering nor leveling is the theodolite needed and the lay out of theodolite position is flexible when the system is used for precise survey. Experiments carried out in test field verify the validity of the data processing method. [

Hermeneutical Theodolite of Requirements: Evaluating and Revealing the Quality Grades of Software Requirements and of Domain of Application

Throughout the development of software, during Requirements Engineering activities, software requirements dynamically and constantly evolve and mature from an “identified” stage to an “approved” stage. This evolution takes place individually for each requirement, in a very particular way, because it depends on the level of understanding that the requirements engineer reaches in relation to it. How, then, to monitor the evolution of each software requirement? How to know the quality of each software requirement? How to measure the level of understanding and difficulty that the requirements engineer has in relation to each software requirement? This paper aims to present a proposal to answer these questions through the use of an instrument developed specifically to assess and reveal the quality grades of each software requirement and also to assess and reveal that the levels of understanding and of difficulty of the requirements engineer is in relation to each software requirement. This instrument was called the Hermeneutical Theodolite of Requirements, which also can be applied to evaluate that the levels of understanding and of difficulty of the requirements engineer is in relation to the domain of application, essential input artifact and primordial to the specification of the requirements of software.

含吡啶基N,O-二齿配体锌配合物的设计合成及结构表征

以N,O-二齿配体化合物为初始原料,通过缺电子金属与非金属配位点形成稳定共轭配位的方法,在低温的条件与ZnEt2反应,得到了其对应的金属锌N,O-二齿配合物 ,并对其结构进行了表征,合成的新型金属锌N,O-二齿配合物为下一步高分子基磁性材料的研究奠定基础。

黏蛋白型O-糖基化与炎症性肠病的研究进展

炎症性肠病一直被认为是易感个体对肠道微生物群异常免疫激活的结果,具有发病率高、发病人群年轻化、难完全缓解、癌变风险高等特点。目前大量有关炎症性肠病发病机制的研究就是一个探索各因素之间如何相互作用的过程。O-GalNac糖基化又称为黏蛋白型O-糖基化,其高度参与肠道微生物群和肠上皮细胞之间的相互作用,并受宿主遗传学和环境的调节。因此,它们可以很好地整合宿主、微生物和环境之间的关系。本文将就黏蛋白型O-糖基化在炎症性肠病中的生理功能和意义作一综述。

HBP介导的O-GlcNAc修饰在PFOS暴露致斑马鱼胚胎发育异常中的作用

目的通过构建全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)斑马鱼染毒模型,探讨PFOS暴露对胚胎发育的影响及可能机制。方法基于人群内暴露浓度设置PFOS暴露浓度梯度(0、0.02、0.2、2和20μmol/L),对斑马鱼胚胎染毒至120 hpf受精后小时(hourspost-fertilization,hpf),检测斑马鱼胚胎的孵化率、畸形率、死亡率、心率及运动分析等基础指标;采用非靶向代谢组学技术分析PFOS暴露后斑马鱼胚胎整体代谢水平的变化,并结合实时荧光定量(RT-qPCR)和蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)观察差异代谢酶及蛋白表达水平。结果暴露于20μmol/L的PFOS导致斑马鱼胚胎畸形率升高(P<0.05)、心率升高(P<0.05)、行为分析异常(P<0.05);代谢组学结果发现20μmol/L PFOS暴露组斑马鱼胚胎中葡萄糖-6-磷酸(Glu-6-P)、乙酰氨基葡萄糖(GlcNAc)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸(GlcNAc-6-P)水平显著升高(P<0.05),提示己糖胺生物合成途径(hexosamine-biosynthesis pathway,HBP)被过度激活;RT-qPCR结果显示20μmol/L PFOS组HBP关键代谢酶slc2a1b、hk1、gfat1基因表达水平显著上调(P<0.05);Western blot结果显示斑马鱼胚胎整体O-连接-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺糖基化(O-GlcNAc)水平在20μM PFOS暴露组与对照组之间存在差异。结论PFOS暴露可能通过干扰HBP途径,介导O-GlcNAc修饰水平改变导致斑马鱼胚胎发育畸形率升高及运动行为学异常,提示PFOS具有胚胎发育毒性。

EOGT介导的O-GlcNAc修饰对Notch信号通路的影响及其在疾病中的作用

O-连接-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine,O-GlcNAc)修饰是一种特殊的翻译后修饰,在众多细胞过程中发挥调节作用,例如转录、胞内信号转导、内吞作用和蛋白质稳定性。表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)结构域特异性O-GlcNAc转移酶(EGF domain-specific O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase,EOGT)是一种内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)驻留蛋白质,能够对含有EGF结构域的分泌或膜(跨膜)糖蛋白丝氨酸/苏氨酸残基进行糖基化修饰。Notch信号通路是一种普遍存在的细胞间通讯过程,通过邻近细胞间的相互作用调节细胞生物过程。目前,已经在多种人类疾病中发现有EOGT介导的O-GlcNAc修饰参与,并且通常与Notch信号通路相关。然而,其中具体分子机制尚未完全阐明。本文对近年来EOGT介导的O-GlcNAc修饰,以及相关Notch信号通路在多种人类疾病中的作用研究现状进行简要回顾。