Simulation analysis for O-cell test of pile and the interaction of upper pile and lower pile

In this paper,the soil-pile system of O-cell test of pile is simplified as an axi-symmetric problem.By using aggregation of quadrilateral isoparametric elements to simulate pile and soil,setting Goodman's elements between pile and soils,a method of numerical simulation analysis on O-cell test of pile is presented with the consideration of nonlinear mechanical behavior of soils and pile-soil interface.The method is applied to the analysis of a case of O-cell test of pile.The load-displacement curves and axial force curves of upper pile and lower pile obtained from the O-cell test of pile are fitted,and parameters of the mechanical model of soils and interface are determined.Analysis results validate that the numerical simulation analysis method put forward in this paper is applicable.Furthermore,the interaction and influence of upper pile and lower pile in the O-cell test are also studied with the method.The result shows that if load box is located in a soil layer with fine mechanical behavior,the interaction of upper pile and lower pile in O-cell test can be ignored generally.

Conversion factor analysis of self-balanced loading test of cast-in-situ piles based on analogue test method

Based on the characteristics of pile-soil interaction and the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory,a new method of determining the side friction at a pile-soil interaction is proposed.Combined with the actual engineering cases,the effectiveness of the analogue test method is verified by comparing it with the traditional anchor pile method and self-balanced method.Taking the self-balanced test of the bridge pile foundation in the Songhua River as an example,the conversion factor of sandy soil and weathered mudstone are confirmed by the analogue test method.The results show that the conversion factor of sandy soil and weathered mudstone in the Songhua River area should consider the geological conditions and the construction technology,etc.The standard values are relatively conservative.It is suggested that the engineering application should be properly revised.The recommended range of the conversion factor of sandy soil in this area is 0.65 to 0.85,and that of weathered mudstone is 1.0.

High-frequency interference waves in low strain dynamic testing of X-section concrete piles

Stress waves propagate along vertical,radial and circumferential directions when a non-uniformly distributed load is applied at one end of a three-dimensional shaft.As a result,the receiving signals are usually mixed with undesired interference components,often featuring as high-frequency fluctuations.Previous studies have revealed that sectional geometry(shape and size)greatly affects the high-frequency interference.In this study,low strain dynamic testing on full-scale X-section concrete is conducted in order to investigate the influences of high-frequency interference on velocity responses at the pile head.Emphasis is placed on the frequency and peak value of interference waves at various receiving points.Additionally,the effects of the geometrical,and mechanical properties of the pile shaft on high-frequency interference are elaborated on through the three-dimensional finite element method.The results show that the measured wave is obscured by interference waves superposed by two types of high-frequency components.The modulus and cross-sectional area are contributing factors to the frequency and peak value of the interference waves.On the other hand,the position with the least interference is determined,to some extent,by the accurate shape of the X-section.

Discussion on pile axial load test methods and their applicability in cold regions

The measurement of pile axial load is of great significance to determining pile foundation design parameters such as skin friction and end bearing capacity and analyzing load transfer mechanisms.Affected by the temperature and ice content of frozen ground,the interface contact relationship between pile foundation and frozen soil is complicated,making pile axial load measurements more uncertain than that in non-frozen ground.Therefore,it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the current pile axial load test methods.Four methods are systematically reviewed:vibrating wire sensors,strain gauges,sliding micrometers,and optical fiber strain sensors.At the same time,the applicability of the four test methods in frozen soil regions is discussed in detail.The first two methods are mature and commonly used.The sliding micrometer is only suitable for short-term measurement.While the Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)strain gauge meets the monitoring requirements,the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer(BOTDR)needs further verification.This paper aims to provide a technical reference for selecting and applying different methods in the pile axial load test for the stability study and bearing capacity assessment of pile foundations in cold regions.

O-cell试桩法桩土共同作用的弹性理论分析

基于Poulos桩顶受荷的弹性理论解,对O-cell试桩法在桩端受荷条件下桩侧摩阻力和桩身位移的弹性理论公式进行推导。通过编制相应的计算程序,给出O-cell法试桩条件下桩侧摩阻力和位移沿桩身的分布,并对桩的长径比和桩土刚度比对侧阻与位移沿桩身分布的影响进行分析。

Numerical and test study on vertical vibration characteristics of pile group in slope soil topography

Topography effects on the vertical vibration responses of pile group are revealed though numerical analysis and model tests.First,a series of model tests with different topography of ground and bedrock are conducted.The results indicate that displacement amplitude of the pile head in sloping ground topography is larger than in horizontal ground.Differential displacement at various positions of the pile cap is observed in non-horizontal topography.Afterwards,a numerical algorithm is employed to further explore the essential response characteristics in group piles of different topography configurations,which has been verified by the test results.The lengths of the exposed and frictional segment,together with the thickness of the subsoil layer,are the dominant factors which cause non-axisymmetric vibration at the pile cap.

O-CELL静载试桩法及其应用

O -CELL法是美国发明的静载试桩方法 ,其最大优点是可在试桩时量测出桩的端阻力和桩周侧摩擦力 ,具有经济、安全、方便等特点 ,但这种方法不适用于一些桩型 ,对长混凝土桩也不适用。

Verification of Seismic Performance of Pile Foundation in Composite Ground through Experimental and Numerical Methods

A new construction method of pile foundation in composite ground, in which, prior to installing piles, the ground is improved around the heads of the piles in soft ground or ground subject to liquefaction, which is introduced in this paper. This construction method uses a combination of pile foundation construction together with common ground improvement methods, including deep mixing, preloading and sand compaction piling, and it is referred to as the composite ground pile method. Since an artificial ground with relatively high rigidity comparing with that of the original ground was formed around the pile in this method, and the seismic performance has not been made clear, thus the seismic performance of piles in composite ground was systematically analyzed through a series of centrifuge model tests and numerical analyses by using dynamic nonlinear finite element method, and a verification method for the seismic performance of piles in composite ground was proposed on the basis of the experimental and numerical results.

洞桩法地铁车站边桩结构受力机制的模型试验设计

为了方便学生更形象地理解洞桩法地铁车站边桩结构的受力机制,该文以广州地区某洞桩法地铁车站工程为依托,设计了一种简化的洞桩法车站边桩结构模型试验。基于该试验方法,演示分析了边桩结构在洞桩法车站开挖过程中的施工力学行为规律,并对比研究了不同桩型布置参数下的桩后土压力、边桩结构的力学和变形规律。通过该试验,为学生展示了洞桩法边桩结构模型的设计、制作、试验具体操作及数据监测的全过程,从而让学生更好地掌握洞桩法车站边桩结构力学行为演变规律,以及采用不同边桩布置型式的力学行为差异。

O-Cell法在桩极限荷载试验中的运用以及平衡点的确定

为了准确确定土层、岩层的物理参数以及单桩承载力,澳门名胜酒店项目采用单桩多循环O-Cell试桩法。通过经验估算法确定平衡点位置,将一次荷载从0加到峰值并卸载到0视为一个循环,试验共采用了3次循环,3次循环加载的峰值分别为桩工作荷载的150%、200%、300%,其中第三次循环加载进行到271%时,上部桩被顶起试验结束,通过3次实测数据可求解桩侧摩擦力以及试桩极限承载力。进一步分析可知,平衡点位置的确定是决定整个O-Cell试桩法可靠性以及准确性的关键因素,从而提出将传统经验值法和数值模拟相结合确定平衡点位置的方法。

GB/T 13476-2023《先张法预应力混凝土管桩》主要条款解读

新修订的国家标准GB/T 13476—2023《先张法预应力混凝土管桩》已于2024年3月1日实施。为便于该标准的各使用方准确理解标准条款的具体含义,正确贯彻实施标准条款的具体要求和规定,介绍了该标准的修订背景和意义,并对标准的主要条款进行了解读。

砂土中抗拔螺杆桩承载力及变形特性研究

通过基于数字图像相关技术的模型试验和离散元数值模拟方法(PFC),研究了叶片设置、砂土相对密实度、受荷工况等因素对螺杆桩抗拔承载力和变形特性的影响,利用试验结果校准离散元程序的细观参数,模拟结果用于分析螺杆桩的荷载分担特性、螺纹叶片间距对承载力的影响以及桩周土体滑动面特征。结果表明:抗拔工况下桩基荷载位移曲线呈现软化特征,0.05 D破坏准则适用于抗拔桩的极限承载力判定,叶片的设置使得桩承载力提高37%,螺纹段荷载分担比接近70%,直杆段荷载分担比是抗压工况的2倍;上拔承载力随叶片间距增加呈降低趋势,H/D=1.00是此工况下合理参数;砂土相对密实度的提高使得螺杆桩和直杆桩抗拔承载力分别增长19.4%、26%,而对抗拔桩周围土体位移模式影响有限,螺杆桩桩周土体最大影响范围约为4 D,而直杆桩约为2 D。

基于离散单元法的渗流侵蚀作用下桩基位移与承载特性研究

随着城市地下空间桩基与隧道立体交叉分布体系的日渐复杂,隧道渗流侵蚀引发的桩基稳定性问题越发突出。然而,目前关于隧道破损引发渗流侵蚀方面的研究工作主要聚焦于侵蚀发生机制方面,其与邻近桩基的相互作用尚欠关注。因此,在物理试验揭示渗流侵蚀机制的基础上,通过建立土体临界细粒含量表达式,量化表征了地层侵蚀形态;随后,采用随机定量删除细颗粒的方法,基于离散单元法DEM建立了多区域侵蚀地层模型,进而分析了不同桩基位置、沉桩方式、桩基荷载和基础类型条件下桩基结构的侵蚀响应特征。结果表明,桩基受侵蚀后均产生不同程度的下沉位移,并在不平衡力的驱动下向侵蚀区倾斜;桩端阻力受损后随桩体下沉逐渐上升,侧摩阻力损失则基本无法恢复。此外,不同沉桩方式与桩基荷载下,桩体的位移与阻力变化模式基本一致,主要是变化量的不同;相比单桩,群桩具有更好的抗侵蚀能力。

基于差分法的双排抗滑桩结构内力计算

为研究有连梁双排抗滑桩快速有效的内力计算模型,在对有连梁双排桩进行受力分析的基础上,将有连梁双排抗滑桩结构简化为在桩顶连系梁零弯矩处断开的2根单桩结构,通过对双排桩受力进行叠加得到前后排桩桩顶连梁传递的弯矩与剪力,基于有限差分法建立了有连梁双排抗滑桩受荷段、嵌固段全桩内力计算模型,进而对有连梁双排抗滑桩桩体内力进行了计算。同时,通过大型室内模型试验内力实测结果对所计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明:(1)模型试验结果与所建计算模型得到的桩顶位移与桩身弯矩值吻合较好,说明简化计算模型具有一定的适用性;(2)二者的后排桩最大弯矩出现位置略有偏差,计算得到的最大弯矩位置更接近实际桩体破坏位置,进一步验证了全桩内力计算模型的可靠性;(3)所建有限差分计算模型避免了将受荷段与嵌固段利用连续条件进行迭代的复杂运算过程,大大提升了计算效率,为实际工程提供了一种快速高效的有连梁双排桩内力计算方法。

大型梁式承台模型试验及跨中挠度简化计算方法研究

为了解大型梁式承台的力学性能,以某快速化改造工程的大型梁式承台为背景,按照缩尺比1∶10制作梁式承台模型进行力学性能试验,结合有限元计算,分析梁式承台结构受力、破坏模式、开裂情况等,并研究不同跨高比条件下梁式承台的受力特性。结果表明:在跨中荷载作用下,梁式承台受力大致可以分为线弹性阶段、裂缝发展阶段和屈服阶段3个阶段;线弹性阶段截面应力分布已不满足平截面假定,剪切效应对结构变形的影响不可忽略;模型最终破坏模式为弯曲破坏;裂缝主要表现为跨中弯曲裂缝和斜裂缝;跨高比越小,梁式承台剪切刚度越大。为考虑剪切效应对梁式承台变形的影响,拟合得出梁式承台跨中挠度的简化计算方法,将该方法计算值及规范计算值与试验值进行对比,可得在裂缝发展阶段,规范计算值与试验值偏差较大,所提方法计算值与试验值偏差较小,该方法可用于线弹性阶段及裂缝发展阶段梁式承台跨中挠度的初步估算。

砂岩-混凝土结构面剪切特性试验研究及离散元模拟

为从宏、细观角度揭示常法向刚度(Constant Normal Stiffness,CNS)条件下锯齿状砂岩-混凝土结构面剪切机制,首先采用湖南大学自主改造的CNS岩石直剪仪开展3组砂岩-混凝土结构面室内剪切试验.在此基础上,采用刚性墙替代法建立与室内试验相应的离散元数值模型,并引入3个显式运动学方程控制砂岩试样运动轨迹从而实现CNS条件加载,将数值模拟与试验结果对比验证了模型的合理性.随后,开展16个工况的数值剪切试验,通过观察剪切裂纹扩展和力链演化形态,从细观角度揭示结构面破坏模式和荷载传递机制,并从宏观角度分析锯齿几何尺寸(半波长λ、起伏角θ)和加载边界条件(初始法向应力σn0、法向刚度K)对剪切强度和法向膨胀的影响.结果表明:剪切裂纹按照“平稳增加—急剧增加—增幅减小”的发展趋势由结构面区域逐渐向岩石内部扩展,结构面破坏模式随起伏角的增大由滑移磨损向剪断破坏过渡,剪切强度随λ、θ、σn0和K的增加呈指数函数型增加.

湿陷性黄土地区百米超长桩施工关键技术研究

依托陕西省铜川市玉皇阁二号桥及引线工程百米超长桩项目,比选了各类成孔方法和钻机,选定旋挖成孔法施工工艺和徐工XR800E旋挖钻机,完成该百米超长桩施工。介绍了百米超长桩的关键技术要点和质量控制措施,并从钻孔前的预处理、钻孔过程中的综合处理、钢筋笼施工控制措施等方面保证该超长桩施工的可靠性。通过试桩试验,确定了百米超长桩在湿陷性黄土场地的承载力和沉降特性。施工过程中,严格把控土层钻进参数、泥浆循环系统、沉渣厚度、钢筋笼安全稳定性验算、水下混凝土灌注等关键环节,为类似湿陷性黄土地区百米超长桩施工提供解决方案。

自平衡试桩理论解析转换方法及工程应用

提出一种基桩承载力自平衡测试的解析转换方法,采用有限差分法建立上、下段桩各微段控制方程,通过编程求解上、下桩身各微段处的内力及变位量,代入精确转换公式,将自平衡试桩结果转换为类似传统静载测试荷载(Q)-位移(s)曲线形式,并求解其极限承载力。结合广西来宾裕达梧桐苑3根钻孔灌注桩自平衡法测试工程,应用该解析转换方法对测试结果进行转换。研究表明,3根试桩内力均表现为离加载端较近的土层承担的荷载较大,轴力由加载端向两端衰减程度逐渐减小,且侧摩阻力变化特性呈现双曲线分布。就单桩承载力而言,简化转换方法偏于保守,而解析转换方法考虑了桩侧各层土的性质差异,相比精度可提高约12%。该解析转换方法能准确地反映出上、下段桩身内力分布规律以及桩侧土层承载特性,且可以高效准确地实现承载力的转换,在基桩承载力自平衡测试工程领域具有广泛应用前景。

基桩承载力反向自平衡试桩法模型试验研究

针对反向自平衡试桩法在工程实践中可能存在的问题,应用室内模型试验对该方法的可操作性进行研究。首先,设计并浇筑完成了反向自平衡试桩法模型试验装置;其次,分别进行桩身加载和桩顶加载试验,得到试验数据;最后,将试验结果和经验公式法计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:反向自平衡试桩法荷载箱位置难以同时满足两次加载所需平衡力的要求,且结果还受加载顺序和上下段桩之间预留间距影响,还需对最优加载顺序确定、荷载补偿、上下段桩间预留距离确定等问题进行研究。

软土地区桩端后注浆失效补救方法及效果验证

通过上海软土地区某项目桩端后注浆失效时补救的实践,提出了一种桩侧成孔埋设注浆管进行后注浆补救的施工方法,该方法包括如下步骤:(1)尽量贴近既有桩基于桩侧对称成两个补救孔,成孔时应采用下钢套管的方式控制垂直度;(2)埋设两根注浆管,一根伸入桩底、端部有带逆止功能的注浆器,称为“补救注浆管”,采用约1.0 m长度隔离材料对“补救注浆管”进行包裹,避免封孔时“补救注浆管”被堵塞;另一根底部位于隔离段以上,桩底以上1.0 m,用于封孔,称为“封孔注浆管”;(3)通过“封孔注浆管”进行水泥-水玻璃双液注浆封孔;(4)待封孔48 h后,水泥-水玻璃双液注浆加固体达到一定强度,通过“补救注浆管”进行注浆,考虑到注浆的有效性,建议补救注浆的注浆量按原设计注浆量的两倍考虑。桩基静载荷试验结果显示,通过桩侧成孔补救注浆后,桩基的单桩竖向抗压承载力不低于正常注浆桩基的单桩竖向抗压承载力。